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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Efeito dos métodos de síntese e sinterização na densificação, estrutura, microestrutura e condutividade elétrica do galato de lantânio / Effects of the synthesis and sintering methods on the densification, structure, microstructure and electrical conductivity of doped lanthanum gallate

Shirley Leite dos Reis 17 July 2014 (has links)
O galato de lantânio contendo substituições parciais de estrôncio e magnésio (La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3-δ) apresenta estrutura tipo perovsquita e alta condutividade para íons de oxigênio. Outras características desta cerâmica são o extenso domínio eletrolítico e a baixa condutividade eletrônica. É um material promissor para uso como eletrólito sólido em células a combustível de óxido sólido que operam em temperaturas intermediárias, devido sua alta condutividade iônica e estabilidade em uma ampla faixa de pressão parcial de oxigênio. Neste trabalho, a composição La0,9Sr0,1Ga0,8Mg0,2O3-δ foi preparada pelo método convencional de mistura de óxidos a partir de diferentes rotas e pelo método de complexação de cátions. As amostras foram consolidadas pelo método convencional de sinterização e por sinterização rápida. Pelo método de mistura de óxidos foi possível obter a fase ortorrômbica do LSGM, mas não foi possível eliminar as fases SrLaGaO4, La4Ga2O9 e SrLaGa3O7, independente das condições de sinterização utilizadas. Precipitados de óxido de magnésio foram observados nas amostras preparadas pelos dois métodos de síntese empregados identificados apenas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As densidades obtidas foram superiores a 97% da densidade teórica em amostras sinterizadas a 1450 °C/4 h, para os materiais preparados por mistura de óxidos. Amostras preparadas por método de complexação de cátions e aquelas consolidadas por sinterização rápida apresentaram menores valores de densidade. Grãos de tamanhos micrométricos foram obtidos para os dois métodos de sinterização. Amostras calcinadas a 1250°C apresentaram maiores densidades e maiores valores de condutividade iônica dos grãos e dos contornos de grãos, quando comparadas com as demais amostras. / Lanthanum gallate with partial substitution on La and Ga sites (La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3-δ) has perovskite structure and high oxide-ion conductivity. Other properties of this ceramic material comprise a relatively wide electrolytic domain and low electron conductivity. Doped lanthanum gallate is a potential solid electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells due to its high ionic conductivity and stability in a wide range of oxygen partial pressure. In this work, the composition La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ was prepared by the conventional method of mixing of the starting oxides followed by different processing routes and by the cation complexation method. The ceramic specimens were consolidated by conventional sintering and by fast firing. All specimens prepared by solid state reaction show the characteristic orthorhombic phase of lanthanum gallate and SrLaGaO4, La4Ga2O9 and SrLaGa3O7 secondary phases, independent on the method of sintering. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning electron microscopy evidenced that all prepared specimens contain MgO grains precipitated along the grain boundaries. High relative densities were obtained for specimens prepared by solid state reaction and consolidated by conventional sintering at 1450 °C/4 h. All specimens exhibit micron sized grains independent on the sintering method. The highest values of relative density and ionic conductivity were obtained for specimens calcined at 1250°C.
102

Role of glutamate N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor surface trafficking in the firing pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons / Role de la dynamique de surface des récepteurs au glutamate de type NMDA sur le patron de décharge des neurones dopaminergiques mésencéphaliques

Etchepare, Laetitia 08 December 2017 (has links)
Les neurones dopaminergiques (DA) mésencéphaliques jouent un rôle prépondérant dans de nombreuses fonctions cérébrales telles que la motivation, mais ils sont également impliques dans l’émergence de pathologies telles que la maladie de Parkinson et l’addiction aux drogues. Ces processus ayant en commun de modifier l’activité de décharge des neurones DA mésencéphaliques, il est d’une importance primordiale de comprendre les mécanismes sous-tendant cette activité. Parmi les différents canaux ioniques et récepteurs impliques dans la génération de l’activité de décharge des neurones DA, les récepteurs au glutamate de type N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDAR) et les canaux potassiques calcium-dépendants SK régulent fortement le patron de décharge, et interagissent fonctionnellement dans divers types neuronaux incluant les neurones DA. Cependant, les mécanismes mis en jeu dans cette régulation restent méconnus. Le couplage fonctionnel des NMDAR et des canaux SK dépendant notamment de leur distribution membranaire relative, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la diffusion latérale des NMDAR, processus qui régule la localisation de surface du récepteur, pouvait jouer un rôle dans le patron de décharge des neurones DA via la modulation de la fonction des canaux SK. Nous avons tout d’abord montre que les NMDAR membranaires étaient mobiles dans les neurones DA en culture. L’altération de leur trafic de surface par immobilisation avec des anticorps anti-NMDAR modifie profondément la régularité du patron de décharge des neurones DA issus de tranches aigües de mésencéphale, alors que le blocage pharmacologique des NMDAR est sans effet. De plus, j’ai mis en évidence qu’un bloqueur des canaux SK, l’apamine, qui induit un changement similaire de la regularite du patron de décharge en condition contrôle, etait moins efficace lorsque la mobilité latérale des NMDAR etait alteree. Ainsi, ces résultats démontrent que la dynamique de surface des NMDAR module le patron de décharge des neurones DA en régulant la fonction des canaux SK. / Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons play several key functions in the brain such as the processing of salient information but are also associated with the emergence of pathologies including Parkinson’s disease and drug addiction. Because these processes have in common to modify the firing activity of midbrain DA neurons, it is of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms underlying this activity. Among the various ions channels and receptors involved in the generation of the firing activity of midbrain DA neurons, glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and calciumdependent potassium SK channels strongly modulate the firing pattern and functionally interact in several neuronal types including DA neurons. However, the mechanisms by which they regulate the firing pattern are poorly understood. Since the functional coupling between NMDAR and SK channels depends on their relative membrane distribution, we hypothesized that the lateral diffusion of NMDAR, which regulates the surface localization of the receptor, could play a role in the firing pattern of midbrain DA neurons through the modulation of SK channel function. We showed first that membrane NMDAR was highly mobile in cultured DA neurons. Alteration of its surface trafficking by a crosslink with NMDAR antibodies profoundly modified the regularity of the firing pattern of DA neurons in midbrain slices, whereas pharmacological blockade of NMDAR did not affect it. Furthermore, a SK channel blocker, which induces a similar change in the firing regularity in control conditions, was less effective when NMDAR surface trafficking was altered. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NMDAR surface dynamics modulate the firing pattern of midbrain DA neurons by regulating SK channel function.
103

The role of cell-type selective synaptic connections in rhythmic neuronal network activity in the hippocampus

Katona, Linda January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
104

Une approche incrémentale pour l’extraction de séquences de franchissement dans un Réseau de Petri Temporisé : application à la reconfiguration des systèmes de production flexibles / An incremental approach for the extraction of firing sequences in Timed Petri Nets : application to the reconfiguration of flexible manufacturing systems

Huang, Yongliang 25 November 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif la génération de séquences de franchissement dans les Réseaux de Petri Temporisés (RdPT) en utilisant une approche incrémentale. Le verrou principal auquel est confronté ce travail est l’explosion combinatoire qui résulte de la construction classique du graphe d’accessibilité du RdPT. Nous proposons d’utiliser la notion de séquence de steps temporisés, afin d’exprimer progressivement l’ensemble des séquences de franchissements permettant de passer d’un état courant à un état cible. La notion de step temporisé correspond à une abstraction logique du comportement du système considéré. Le caractère incrémental de l’approche a pour objectif de gagner en efficacité. En effet, il consiste à exprimer tout nouvel état de la résolution par rapport à une profondeur K+1, en fonction d’un état atteint à la profondeur K. Ainsi, nous proposons plusieurs algorithmes de recherche incrémentale permettant d'améliorer l'efficacité de la résolution des problèmes d'accessibilité. Nous utilisons ensuite la programmation par contraintes pour modéliser le problème de recherche d’accessibilité dans un RdPT et mettre en œuvre notre approche incrémentale. Notre approche permet également d’ajouter des contraintes spécifiques à un contexte de résolution. Nous avons notamment utilisé cette possibilité pour proposer des techniques d'identification des jetons dans un RdPT borné, dans le cadre de la reconfiguration des systèmes manufacturiers. Nous concluons par l’évaluation de différentes applications constituant des « benchmarks » permettant d’illustrer l'efficacité des approches proposées / This PhD thesis is dedicated to the generation of firing sequences in Timed Petri Net (TPN) using an incremental approach. To reduce the influence of the well-known combinatorial explosion issue, a unique sequence of timed steps is introduced to represent implicitly the underlying reachability graph of the TPN, without needing its whole construction. This sequence of timed steps is developed based on the logical abstraction technique. The advantage of the incremental approach is that it can express any state just from the last step information, instead of representing all states before.Several incremental search algorithms are introduced to improve the efficiency of our methodology. Constraint programming techniques are used to model and solve our incremental model, in which search strategies are developed that can search for solutions more efficiently. Our methodology can be used to add specific constraints to model realistic systems. Token identification techniques are developed to handle token confusion issues that appear when addressing the reconfiguration of manufacturing systems. Experimental benchmarks illustrate the effectiveness of approaches proposed in this thesis
105

Zvýšení životnosti zápalníku palné zbraně s pomocí explicitního řešiče / Increasing the fatigue life of the firearm firing pin using the explicit solver

Adamec, Tomáš January 2021 (has links)
Firing pin is a critical component in terms of firearm function. Tip of firing pin can break off due to repeated impact loading, which results in malfunction of the whole firearm. This master's thesis aims to propose changes in geometry of the firing pin so that new firing pin will be more durable against fatigue failure. Geometry and characteristics of the original firing pin are provided by company Česká zbrojovka, a.s. To determine the amount of fatigue damage for specific configuration of firing pin, computational model, which simulates impact loading of the firing pin during dry fire, is created. Finite element method with explicit formulation is used for the calculation. Parameters of geometry, which are assumed to have highest influence on fatigue life, are chosen based on the analisys of the original firing pin. These parameters are changed in further calculations, resulting in new configuration of the firing pin, which is approximately 15 % more durable against fatigue failure.
106

Hnací ústrojí čtyřválcového vidlicového motoru / Powertrain of a V-four engine

Pecka, Luboš January 2010 (has links)
This thesis is focused to design of powertrain V-four gasoline engine. It compares crank-pins configuration, firing sequence and bank angle with a view of crankshaft stress and torsional vibration. The thesis also includes crankshaft balancing design.
107

Parní kotel na spalování tříděného odpadu 85t/h / Steam boiler for sorted waste burning 85t/h

Vítámvás, Zdeněk January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with a project of steam boiler to combustion of refused-derived fuel. With respect of required fuel and output parameters of the steam was worked out stoichiometry, energy loss and boiler efficiency, heat flows was allocate to individual heat exchange surfaces. The heat exchange surfaces was calculate and project in detail.
108

Optimierung der Pelletproduktion: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Pelletqualität und Feuerraumdesign

Lehmann, Bastian 06 September 2007 (has links)
Um bei der Herstellung der Holzpellets den Energieaufwand zu minimieren und gleichzeitig die Qualitätsanforderungen der DINplus zu erfüllen, werden häufig Presshilfsmittel beim Pelletieren eingesetzt, bisher vor allem Mais- und Weizenstärke. Um flexibler auf veränderte Markt- und Rohstoffbedingungen reagieren zu können, besteht von Seiten der Hersteller Bedarf an alternativen Presshilfsmitteln. Allerdings ist deren Einfluss auf das Verbrennungs-, Emissions- und Ascheerweichungsverhalten nur unzureichend erforscht. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes zur Optimierung der Pelletproduktion wurden in dieser Diplomarbeit Versuche durchgeführt, um den Einfluss verschiedener natürlicher Presshilfsmittel, der Pelletqualität (Feinanteil, Stückigkeit) und der Feuerungsart (Unterschub- und Abwurffeuerung mit Brennerschale) auf das Emissionsverhalten (Kohlenmonoxid-, Stickoxid-, Gesamtkohlenstoff und Staubgehalt im Abgas), den Anlagenbetrieb (Brennstoffförderraten, Abgasverluste, Luftüberschuss) und das Ascheerweichungsverhalten beim Betrieb von zwei Kleinfeuerungsanlagen mit DINplus-konformen Holzpellets, zu untersuchen.
109

Connectivité fonctionnelle entre le noyau sensoriel principal du trijumeau et le noyau moteur du trijumeau

Slaoui Hasnaoui, Mohammed 04 1900 (has links)
Les mouvements masticatoires sont générés par un réseau neuronal localisé dans le tronc cérébral connu sous le nom de générateur de patron central (GPC). De plus en plus d’évidences dans la littérature associent le noyau sensoriel principal du trijumeau (NVsnpr) au cœur rythmogène du GPC masticatoire, bien qu’il soit traditionnellement considéré comme un relais sensoriel au thalamus. La présente étude amène une nouvelle preuve de connectivité fonctionnelle entre le NVsnpr et le noyau moteur du trijumeau (NVmt) contenant les motoneurones (MNs) innervant les différents muscles masticatoires. Nos résultats indiquent que les neurones projetant vers NVmt sont situés dans le ¾ dorsal du NVsnpr. La stimulation électrique dans le NVsnpr dorsal évoque des réponses synaptiques excitatrices multiphasiques dans les MNs trigéminaux tandis que l'application locale de BAPTA, connue pour induire une activité rythmique dans les neurones du NVsnpr, évoqua aussi une activité rythmique dans les MNs, supportant davantage la relation fonctionnelle entre ces deux noyaux en termes de transmission de rythme. En imagerie calcique, la stimulation électrique de NVsnpr évoquait des réponses calciques dans les MNs situées principalement dans la région dorsolatérale contenant les MNs des muscles de fermeture et révéla un patron spécifique de connectivité entre les deux noyaux. L'organisation des projections semblait dépendre de manière critique de la localisation dorso-ventrale du site de stimulation au sein du NVsnpr. La principale tendance observée concernait la région DL de NVmt recevant des inputs du NVsnpr dorsal (R1 et R2), alors que la région ventromédiane de NVmt recevait plutôt des inputs de R2 et R3, qui représentent la majeure partie de la région intermédiaire du NVsnpr. Cette étude confirme et développe les expériences antérieures en explorant la nature physiologique et la topographie fonctionnelle de la connectivité entre NVsnpr et NVmt. / Masticatory movements are generated by a brainstem neuronal network known as the central pattern generator (CPG). Increasing evidence associate the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr) to the rhythmogenic heart of the masticatory CPG, despite the fact that it is conventionally seen as a sensory relay to the thalamus. The present study provides new evidence of a functional connectivity between NVsnpr and the trigeminal motor nucleus (NVmt), known to contain all the motoneurons (MNs) innervating jaw muscles. Our results indicate that neurons projecting to NVmt are located in the dorsal ¾ region of NVsnpr. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal NVsnpr induced multiphasic excitatory synaptic responses in trigeminal MNs while BAPTA application, which causes NVsnpr neurons to fire rhythmically, also induced rhythmic firing in some MNs, further emphasizing the functional relationship between these two nuclei in terms of rhythm transmission. In our calcium imaging experiments, electrical stimulation of NVsnpr evoked calcium responses in MNs located mainly in the jaw-closing region of NVmt and revealed a specific pattern of connectivity between the two nuclei. The organization of the projections seemed to depend critically on the dorsoventral location of the stimulation site within NVsnpr. The dorsolateral region of NVmt received mainly inputs from the dorsal NVsnpr (R1 and R2), whereas the ventromedial region of NVmt was found to receive inputs from R2 and R3 which account for the major part of the intermediate division of the NVsnpr. This study confirms and develops earlier experiments by exploring the physiological nature and functional topography of the connectivity between NVsnpr and NVmt that was demonstrated in the past with neuroanatomical techniques.
110

Regulation and functions of burst firing: the role of KCNQ3 potassium channels in vivo

Gao, Xiaojie 07 December 2020 (has links)
Ionenkanäle leiten Ionenströme über neuronale Membranen, wodurch Aktionspotentiale erzeugt und weitergeleitet werden. Sie spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Regulierung der Erregbarkeit und des Aktivierungsverhaltens von Neuronen. KCNQs sind eine wichtige Familie von spannungsgesteuerten Kaliumkanälen; ihre Dysfunktion kann zu verschiedenen neurologischen Krankheiten führen, einschließlich Erkrankung an Epilepsie und Taubheit. Es wurde gezeigt, dass KCNQ2 und KCNQ3 den M-Strom verantwortlich sind. Letzterer ist für die Regulierung des repetitiven Feuerns von Pyramidenzellen entscheidend. Im Gegensatz zu KCNQ2, ist die funktionelle Bedeutung von KCNQ3 noch nicht aufgeklärt. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir mittels extrazellulärer Elektrophysiologie in vivo, dass bei konstitutiven Kcnq3 Knockoutmäusen die hippokampalen Pyramidenzellen vermehrt burstartig feuern. Außerdem weisen diese Tiere eine verminderte Spike-Frequenz-Anpassung auf und die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Burst-Feuerns während zwei verschiedener Oszillationen – Theta gegen Nicht-Theta – kann nicht mehr unterscheiden werden. Des Weiteren zeigen Kcnq3-Knockout- Pyramidenzellen während der Theta-Oszillation weder eine dominante Phasenpräferenz, noch eine Koordination ihrer Burst-Feuerung. Die Thetawellen Phasenpräzision tritt weiterhin bei dem vorübergehend verstärkten Feuern auf. Das räumliche selektive Feuern von mutmaßlichen Ortszellen blieb auch bei den Knockout-Mäusen erhalten, aber es ist hauptsächlich vom Burst- Feuern abhängig. Diese Studie zeigt, dass der KCNQ3-Ionenkanal eine wichtige Rolle bei der Regulierung der neuronalen Erregbarkeit und der Informationsverarbeitung spielt, und gibt damit Einblicke in die Bedeutsamkeit der KCNQ3-Ionenkanäle bezüglich der neurologischen Störungen. / Ion channels conduct ion flows across neuronal membrane whereby action potential is generated and propagated. They play a central role in regulating the excitability and firing behavior of a neuron. Among them, the KCNQs present a prominent family of voltage-gated potassium channels. Dysfunction of KCNQ2–5 channels can lead to varied neurological diseases including early onset epilepsy and deafness. In cortex and hippocampus, KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 have been demonstrated to underlie the non-inactivating M-current critical for controlling the repetitive firing of pyramidal cells. However, the functional significance of KCNQ3, unlike that of KCNQ2, remains elusive. Here, by applying in vivo extracellular electrophysiology in Kcnq3 constitutive knockout mice and the wild-type littermates, we find that hippocampal pyramidal cells lacking KCNQ3 exhibit increased burst firing. Moreover, the spike frequency adaptation of their bursts is diminished, and the burst propensity during two different field oscillations – theta versus non-theta – becomes indistinguishable. During theta oscillations, Kcnq3 knockout pyramidal cells no longer display unimodal phase preference and do not coordinate their burst firing. But phase advancement along successive theta cycles continues to occur at times of transiently intensified firing. The selective firing of place cells is largely preserved in the knockout while mainly relying on bursts. These results suggest that KCNQ3 channels indeed play a significant and specific role in regulating the neurons’ excitability and information processing, thus providing crucial mechanistic insights into the relevance of the KCNQ3 channels in neurological disorders.

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