[pt] A literatura sobre internacionalização de empresas tem focado principalmente em empresas manufatureiras e de países desenvolvidos, havendo ainda relativamente poucos estudos sobre internacionalização de empresas de serviço e empresas de países emergentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o processo de internacionalização de uma empresa brasileira que atua no setor de serviços, a Rede Globo de Televisão, que teve o início de sua internacionalização ainda na década de 70 e passou por diversas etapas da internacionalização tradicional, com diferentes resultados. O método escolhido foi o estudo de caso através de levantamentos de dados junto à empresa e entrevistas com executivos, que estiveram envolvidos ou que conheceram de perto este processo de internacionalização. Algumas perguntas orientaram o estudo e foram respondidas ao longo dele: (1) Quais os motivadores para a internacionalização da TV Globo? (2) Quais os modos utilizados por ela para entrar no mercado externo? (3) Como foi feita a escolha dos países estrangeiros onde atuar? (4) Quais os resultados de mercado alcançados? (5) Quais os principais obstáculos e dificuldades enfrentados? / [en] Literature about internationalization of firms has focused primarily on manufacturing companies and developed countries and there are relatively few studies about internationalization of service companies and companies from emerging countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the internationalization process of a Brazilian company that operates in the service sector, Globo Television Network, which has the beginning of its internationalization still in the 70s and went through several stages of internationalization traditional, with different results. The method chosen was the case study using survey data from the company and interviews with executives who were involved or who knew closely the process of internationalization. Some questions guided the study and were answered by the interviewers: (1) What were the motivating factors for the internationalization of TV Globo? (2) What were the methods used by the company to enter the foreign market? (3) What criteria were employed to select target countries? (4) What were the market results? (5) What were the main obstacles and difficulties?

Research on the firm's heterogeneity is a well-developed concept in the export context; literature can found in the export context. Previous research can found on firm heterogeneity and firm performance, but they are in export context. On the other hand, importing firms' heterogeneity is less sought in the literature, which we believe as a clear gap in the export-import research stream. Limited research has done in the context of importing firms. The purpose of our thesis is to explore the different forms of heterogeneities that Pakistani importing firms' practices are gaining a competitive advantage. Furthermore, our goal is to examine the extent of heterogeneity dimensions to what contributes to their performances. There is a significant gap in the research field of import. As there is less research in the import context, this will be a fundamental goal of research towards firms' heterogeneity and the importance of a country.

More companies of differing structures and sizes are starting to utilize CERP systems where it contributes to eliminating most physical investments needed for a traditional ERP system. This makes CERP systems more obtainable for small firms compared to traditional ERP systems where fees can be adapted to fit the firm size. However, there are no established information about CSFs pertaining to CERP in small Swedish firms and thus leading to this study. The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge on the critical success factors of the post implementation phase of CERP systems. This has been done through an abductive methodology where CSFs pertaining to CERP in small Swedish firms have been identified through the lens of a unified CSF model and analyzed using structural contingency theory. The data in the study was collected through semi-structured and unstructured interviews that were conducted with respondents in management positions in small Swedish firms utilizing CERP systems. This led to the findings of the study where eleven CSFs pertaining to CERP during post implementation were identified. These findings suggest a high importance in the factor, vendor dependability where a control shift from the organization to the vendor was identified pertaining to CERP during post implementation in small firms. This differed from the findings of earlier research pertaining to CSFs for ERP during post implementation in large firms where the control was suggested to be mostly with the organization.

El presente estudio busca determinar la relación entre la asertividad y los estilos de afrontamiento de un grupo de trabajadores de una empresa familiar del sector Avícola en Perú. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 77 trabajadores, 44 hombres y 33 mujeres, con edades entre los 18 y más de 55 años, pertenecientes a las áreas administrativas de la empresa. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Test de Afrontamiento (COPE) adaptado a Perú (Casuso, 1996) y el Test de Asertividad Rathus la versión Costaricense (León y Vargas, 2009). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de una correlación moderada entre ambas variables, así como correlaciones internas entre los estilos de afrontamiento y entre los tipos de asertividad. Las cuales fueron discutidas en cuatro hallazgos principales: a) Relación entre asertividad y el estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en el problema; b) Relación entre asertividad y el estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción; c) Asertividad en la empresa familiar; y d) Estilos de afrontamiento en la empresa familia. Finalmente, se dieron las recomendaciones para la futura gestión de ambas variables en la empresa donde se aplicaron las pruebas. / The present study aimed determine the relationship between Assertiveness and Coping styles of a group of workers from a Family Business of the Poultry sector in Peru. The sample consisted of 77 workers, 44 men and 33 women, aged between 18 and over 55, belonging to the administrative areas of the company. The instruments that were used the Coping Test adapted to Peru (Casuso, 1996) and the Rathus Assertiveness Test, the Costa Rican version (León and Vargas, 2009). The results revealed the existence of a moderate correlation between both variables, as well as internal correlations between coping styles and between assertiveness types. Which were discussed in four main findings: a) Relationship between assertiveness and coping style focused on the problem; b) Relationship between assertiveness and coping style focused on emotion; c) Assertiveness in family firms; and d) Coping styles in family firms. Finally, recommendations were given for the future management of both variables in the company where the tests were applied. / Tesis

In professional partnerships, partners have to agree how to split their income between each other. Such a profit sharing system (PSS) must be perceived as being fair and motivating to ensure the enduring success of the partnership. Surprisingly, quite different systems are in use today in otherwise comparable firms. The understanding of a “fair share” and how to motivate best varies con-siderably. Existing literature on professional service firms rarely discusses in which circumstances the different PSS types are adequate; non-economic per-spectives are scarce. Using semi-structured interviews with senior partners from large German law firms, this study evaluates their understanding of trust, fairness and motivation, and how that links to their respective PSS’s. It adds the otherwise missing peer-to-peer perspective to existing organisational research on fairness, trust and motivation. The findings include the presence of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation through money, but also through peer pressure. Different fairness ideals clearly link to PSS types. Mutual trust, based on knowing each other, is key in all but one PSS type. An important, but yet overlooked differentiator between PSS’s is whether profit distribution decisions are made based on algorithms or on human (committee) decisions. A new framework is developed that links the beliefs and values of the partners with the specific characteristics of the PSS, which are systematically assessed for the first time. This framework offers partners from law firms and potentially other professional service firms a methodical approach to identify and discuss their needs and to identify the most appropriate PSS for their specific situation.

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Yes / Purpose – The management of reputation and status is central to creative professional service firms (CPSFs) rendering the internationalisation process a particular challenge. We build on arguments that internationalisation requires moving from outsidership to insidership within client networks and focus on how CPSFs build signals about quality to start this process. Design/methodology/approach – The exploration draws from the international business, professional services and organizational status bodies of literature. A multiple case study design is developed comprising ten Irish architecture firms. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Findings - The findings clarify how relationships start in the internationalisation process through signal building. This allows firms to join client networks moving from outsidership to insidership. Our findings systemise three different approaches for CPSFs: from outsidership to insidership within a local market network, within a global industry network and within a global project network. Research Limitations/Implications – Research within other sectoral and geographical contexts could support transferability of the findings. Practical implications – The study has implications for CPSF’s international business strategies as it identifies multiple paths to gaining network insidership and the tactics employed to achieve this.

Over the years, internationalization has seen significant shifts, especially in the financial industry where fintech firms blending technology and finance have sparked a revolution. Sweden has emerged as one of the global leaders in this sector. However, despite this transformation, existing studies on the internationalization process of fintech firms lack context and industry-specific insights, indicating a pressing need for further research in this area. Therefore, this thesis investigates the intricate internationalization process of small Swedish fintech firms with a digital and technological foundation. We aim to uncover the motives and patterns driving their early international expansion process. By conducting an in-depth case study of a single Swedish fintech firm, utilizing semi-structured interviews with employees with different positions as well as secondary data, this methodological approach allowed us to reveal new insights. More specifically, our research contributed to an identification of three distinct stages in the internationalization process: (1) motives centered on the product, prompting swift digital export strategies, (2) motives focused on the customer, leading to a shift from broad to deep engagement through localization and (3) motives based on strategic resources, guiding a measured expansion in markets optimized for regulatory conditions. These stages are shaped by entrepreneurial vision and national support, highlighting a dynamic and iterative process of international growth as well as a temporal aspect of the process development throughout these stages. In theory, this thesis expands comprehension and questions the idea of a one-size-fits-all internationalization strategy for fintech companies. It demonstrates that Swedish fintech firms employ a hybrid approach, integrating early internationalization with gradual methods. In practice, the research furnishes valuable perspectives for fintech executives, investors and policymakers, presenting a strategic model to enhance internationalization strategies, evaluate risks and facilitate regulatory adaptations. These contributions enrich discussions in fintech literature, potentially aiding fintech enterprises, both in Sweden and globally, in effectively planning their internationalization endeavors.

Depuis les années 2000, les économies du continent africain ont fait preuve de remarquable croissance. Toutefois, le contexte actuel met en péril le développement durable du secteur privé. Les imperfections liées au système institutionnel et à l’environnement commercial entravent l’évolution stable des entreprises et ouvrent la voie à la croissance d’un secteur informel très persistant. Cette thèse ouvre à nouveau le débat polémique sur le secteur informel en soulignant la capacité entrepreneuriale de ce secteur plutôt que les menaces qu’il représente. Afin de comprendre la forte persistance de l'informalité en dépit de ses impacts négatifs, nous testons à quel point la concurrence entre firmes formelles et informelles pourrait affecter l’économie égyptienne. Nous constatons qu'une concurrence plus intense incite les entreprises formelles à devenir plus productives. Nous étendons également notre analyse aux pays d'Afrique subsaharienne en soulignant l’effet stimulateur de la taxation et de la réglementation sur la puissance de la concurrence entre les entreprises formelles et informelles. Nos résultats font appel à l’introduction du secteur informel dans les politiques publiques visant la réforme de la fiscalité et de la réglementation en Afrique. Ces politiques devraient également viser l'accès des entreprises aux sources de financement, d'infrastructure et de formations comme outils principaux induisant le processus de formalisation et favorisant la croissance économique. Cette thèse souligne l’importance de repenser les effets du secteur informel dans les pays en développement, tout en le considérant comme un stimulateur de croissance économique plutôt qu’une menace. / Despite the impressive economic growth of African economies since 2000s, the actual context is threatening the sustainable development of the private sector. Large institutional imperfections and poor business environment are hindering the development of firms and are paving the way for a more persistent informal sector. This thesis reopens the controversial debate about the informal sector by looking at its entrepreneurial capacity rather than its threats. In order to understand the strong persistence of this sector despite its confirmed negative impacts, we investigate the extent to which the relationship between formal and informal firms, through market competition, could affect the Egyptian economy. We find that more intense competition stemming from informal firms can drive formal firms to become more productive. We also extend our analysis to Sub-Saharan African countries by underlining the effect of taxation and regulation on the strength of competition between formal and informal firms. Our findings call on the importance of introducing the informal sector in undertaken policies that target the reform of taxation and regulations in Africa. These policies should also target the firms’ access to source of finance, infrastructure and training as effective tools inducing the formalization process and fostering economic growth. Therefore, this thesis provides evidence on the importance of revisiting the impacts of the informal sector in developing countries by looking at it as a driver of economic growth rather than a threat.