Neste estudo foram analisados 40 países para o período mais longo disponível no IFS, através do teste de cointegração de Johansen (1995) e Vetores de Correção de Erro (VEC) para explorar as evidências sobre a capacidade de hedge dos ativos acionários com relação à inflação. Além disso, incluiu-se um teste de cointegração com quebra estrutural a fim de testar a relação entre as séries que não cointegraram através do teste principal de Johansen (1995). Cabe ressaltar que, ao contrário dos artigos que analisam as variáveis em diferença, ao considerarmos as variáveis em nível, um equilibrio de longo prazo entre estas foi encontrado, e mesmo que o retorno ao equilíbrio seja lento, ele existe e, após um periodo suficientemente longo, ambas as variáveis retornarão ao equilíbrio de longo prazo. Além disso, o equilíbrio de longo prazo encontrado para a maioria dos países decorreu do teste sem a inclusão de quebra estrutural. Assim, a relação de longo prazo entre as variáveis permanece estável para 29 países, indicando que choques reais ou monetários, mesmo permanentes, não são capazes de afetar a dinâmica entre estas variáveis. / This study analyses 40 countries for the longest sample available at IFS, through the cointegration test of Johansen (1995) and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), in order to explore the evidences concerning the stock assets capability of hedging inflation. Besides, this paper includes a cointegration test with structural break in order to test the long run relationship between the series of countries that did not cointegrate using the Johansen (1995) test. We can’t stress enough that, contrary to the other studies that use variables in difference, when we consider them in level a long run relationship arrises, and even though the return to equilibrium is slow, it exists and after a sufficiently long period, both variables will reach a long run equilibrium. Beyond that, a long run relationship was found for most countries before considering the existance of a structural break. Hence, the long run relationship remains stable for 29 countries, indicating that any real or monetary shocks, even those permanent, did not affect the long run dinamic between stock prices and goods prices.

Neste estudo foram analisados 40 países para o período mais longo disponível no IFS, através do teste de cointegração de Johansen (1995) e Vetores de Correção de Erro (VEC) para explorar as evidências sobre a capacidade de hedge dos ativos acionários com relação à inflação. Além disso, incluiu-se um teste de cointegração com quebra estrutural a fim de testar a relação entre as séries que não cointegraram através do teste principal de Johansen (1995). Cabe ressaltar que, ao contrário dos artigos que analisam as variáveis em diferença, ao considerarmos as variáveis em nível, um equilibrio de longo prazo entre estas foi encontrado, e mesmo que o retorno ao equilíbrio seja lento, ele existe e, após um periodo suficientemente longo, ambas as variáveis retornarão ao equilíbrio de longo prazo. Além disso, o equilíbrio de longo prazo encontrado para a maioria dos países decorreu do teste sem a inclusão de quebra estrutural. Assim, a relação de longo prazo entre as variáveis permanece estável para 29 países, indicando que choques reais ou monetários, mesmo permanentes, não são capazes de afetar a dinâmica entre estas variáveis. / This study analyses 40 countries for the longest sample available at IFS, through the cointegration test of Johansen (1995) and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), in order to explore the evidences concerning the stock assets capability of hedging inflation. Besides, this paper includes a cointegration test with structural break in order to test the long run relationship between the series of countries that did not cointegrate using the Johansen (1995) test. We can’t stress enough that, contrary to the other studies that use variables in difference, when we consider them in level a long run relationship arrises, and even though the return to equilibrium is slow, it exists and after a sufficiently long period, both variables will reach a long run equilibrium. Beyond that, a long run relationship was found for most countries before considering the existance of a structural break. Hence, the long run relationship remains stable for 29 countries, indicating that any real or monetary shocks, even those permanent, did not affect the long run dinamic between stock prices and goods prices.

L’objet de la présente thèse porte sur le rôle de la monnaie, en particulier bancaire, dans la détermination du niveau général d’activité chez le fondateur de la théorie quantitative contemporaine, Irving Fisher (1867–1947). Nous y montrons comment évolue sa conception des fluctuations et de l’instabilité en confrontant sa théorie des cycles de crédit (1911) à la déflation par la dette (1932, 1933). Notre objectif est de retracer la manière dont l’essor de la monnaie bancaire à partir de la fin du 19ème siècle, puis des marchés financiers dans l’entre-deux-guerres, sont intégrés dans la pensée de Fisher et, à travers lui, dans la conception libérale de la neutralité monétaire. Nous dégageons ainsi les structures logiques de ses deux analyses, en faisant valoir qu’elles s’appuient sur des mécanismes qualitativement différents, l’un bancaire, l’autre financier, mettant en jeu des variables et des processus de nature distincte. Cependant, une fois cette hétérogénéité mise en avant, il est possible de rapprocher les deux théories de Fisher en soulignant une invariance plus profonde portant sur le caractère déstabilisant de la monnaie. C’est pourquoi les deux grands projets de réformes qu’il défend au cours de sa vie, le dollar-compensé (1911, 1920) puis le 100% Monnaie (1935), sont construits en vue de répondre au même objectif : stabiliser la valeur de la monnaie. Le chapitre 1, introductif, présente les ressorts de la déflation par la dette afin d’en discuter l’articulation à la théorie des cycles de crédit au chapitre 2. Dans celui-ci, nous faisons apparaître que cette analyse de Fisher constitue un cas particulier d’un modèle plus général dans lequel, contrairement à ce qu’il pense alors, la stabilité de l’équilibre n’est pas garantie. Au chapitre 3, nous abordons les solutions qu’il propose pour lutter contre les désordres monétaires. Plus spécifiquement, nous précisons les liens entre sa perception de l’instabilité et les réformes qu’il suggère pour neutraliser l’influence de la monnaie sur les grandeurs économiques réelles. Dans le chapitre 4, nous poursuivons notre étude de la vision de l’instabilité de Fisher en examinant les fondements logiques et historiques de la notion « d’effet Fisher » au sens que lui donne James Tobin (1980). Enfin, le chapitre 5 traite de la réception et de la postérité des idées de Fisher en matière d’analyse de l’instabilité financière. Nous y montrons que la déflation par la dette n’est ni ignorée, ni totalement rejetée par les économistes dans les années 1930 et 1940, puis qu’elle occupe une place importante à partir des années 1970 dans la constitution des programmes de recherche néo-keynésien et post-keynésien. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of money, especially of bank deposits,in Irving Fisher’s (1867–1947) analysis of the general level of activity determination, which constitutes nowadays the foundation of the contemporary quantitative theory.We show how his explanation of monetary instability evolves by comparing his credit cycle theory (1911) with the debt-deflation (1932, 1933). Our aim is to highlight the influence of the development of bank currency (from the end of the 19th century) and financial markets (during the interwar period) on Fisher’s economic thought, and through him, on the liberal conception of monetary neutrality. In this way, we draw the logical structures of its two analyses, by pointing out that they are based on qualitatively different mechanisms, one banking, and the other one financial, involving variables and processes of different nature. However, once this heterogeneousness advanced, it is possible to reconcile the two theories of Fisher by underlining a deeper invariance concerning the destabilizing character of money. That is why his two big reforms projects, the compensated-dollar (1911, 1920), and then the 100% Money (1935), are intended to answer at the same purpose: stabilize the value of money.Chapter 1 introduces the dynamic of the debt-deflation to discuss his relation with thecredit cycle theory in the chapter 2. In the latter, we assert that this analysis of Fisher is only a particular case of a more general model in which, contrary to what he thinks at the time, the stability of the equilibrium is not guaranteed. In the chapter 3, we discuss the solutions he proposed to solve the monetary disorders. More precisely, we specify the links between his perception of instability and the reforms he suggests to neutralize the influence of money on the real economic variables. In the chapter 4, we pursue our study of Fisher’s conception of instability by examining the logical and historical foundations of the notion of “Fisher effect” in the meaning given by James Tobin (1980). Finally, the chapter 5 deals with the reception and the posterity of Fisher’s ideas regarding financial instability. We show that the debt-deflation is neither ignored, nor totally rejected by the economists in the 1930s and 1940s, then that it occupies an important place from 1970s in the constitution of the neo-Keynesian and post-Keynesian research program.

This study investigates the way in which experience comes to givenness in three novels by the early twentieth century American writer Dorothy Canfield Fisher (1879-1958). By utilizing a model of affectivity set up by the French phenomenologist Michel Henry, the investigation uncovers unthematized strata in The Brimming Cup (1921), Rough-Hewn (1922), and Her Son’s Wife (1926) in which subjectivity is phenomenalized as auto-affective and immanent. These strata are phenomenologically distinguished from those in which subjectivity comes to givenness as conditioned by transcendent, hyper-presentational presence. The investigation shows that in these novels, objectified presence is predominantly favored as real. Michel Henry’s distinction between affectivity and sensibility helps delineate the asymmetrical way in which affectivity as the primary, pre-self-conscious phenomenalization of subjectivity can be understood in relation to sensibility as the self-reflective, horizon-oriented phenomenalization of subjectivity. Methodologically, the study remains faithful to Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological reduction which excludes transcendent considerations of the texts. Michel Henry’s model of affectivity refutes Martin Heidegger’s understanding of subjectivity as always already thrown into a transcendent world. Nevertheless, Heidegger’s distinction between zuhanden and vorhanden is utilized in the study to clarify the integrity of a presence that cannot be posited in front of a presentational gaze. Canfieldian subjectivity is troubled by an inability to disentangle itself from this objective gaze and by its disbelief in the possibility of nonobjectified, yet real, experience. Instead subjectivity comes to validate realness as presentational vitality. Paradoxically, however, relief from suffering occurs primarily in instants that are free from phenomenalizations of life as vitalism. In such moments, subjectivity is phenomenalized as presentationally empty, existing in a nonpresentational space untouched by presentational meaning.

We have compiled a large sample of 3041 spiral galaxies with multi-band $gri$ photometry from the the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 archive. We compare our own extracted photometry with data products provided through the SDSS pipeline algorithms. This comparison benefits from an extensive compilation of galaxy rotational velocities, $V$, derived from HI linewidths. Galaxy sizes and luminosities can thus be compared against an unbiased and independent metric. We find the SDSS radial ($R$), and luminous, ($L$), data products to be unreliable for the construction of tight scaling relations of $R$ and $L$ with velocity ($V$). We use our own robust scaling parameters to yield the tightest $VRL$ relations possible. We further compile the largest scaling relation of galaxy baryonic mass (stars + gas) with velocity to find that the relation is not tighter, and thus no more significant, than the luminous $VL$ relation. / Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-17 16:23:20.649

Submitted by Daniella Sodre (daniella.sodre@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-08T14:02:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Moyses Loiola Ponte de Souza.pdf: 809776 bytes, checksum: 633ef33c4b5232c12fee27521dd8d350 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T14:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Moyses Loiola Ponte de Souza.pdf: 809776 bytes, checksum: 633ef33c4b5232c12fee27521dd8d350 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Os déficits cognitivos provocados pela hemorragia subaracnoide (HSA) após a ruptura de aneurismas cerebrais são frequentes, visto que apro cognitivo. A escala de Fisher está associada com o desenvolvimento de vasoespasmo, e dessa forma com o desempenho final do paciente após HSA. A associação desta escala com alterações de linguagem no período que antecede o tratamento ainda não foi relatada na literatura. Desta forma, tivemos como objetivo associar a presença de déficits de linguagem com os diversos graus da escala de Fisher em pacientes com HSA no período que antecede o tratamento do aneurisma, bem como comparar os diversos graus dessa escala, identificando os graus da escala de Fisher mais associados ao declínio de linguagem. Foi analisado o banco de dados de 185 avaliações pré-operatórias da linguagem, através do Protocolo Montreal Toulose versão Alpha e fluência verbal pela bateria CERAD, de pacientes do Hospital da Restauração com HSA aneurismática. Os dados relativos à escala de Fisher, ao local do aneurisma, a idade e ao sexo dos pacientes foram obtidos através de revisão dos prontuários. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a escala de Fisher (Fisher I, II, III ou IV) e comparados com um grupo controle de indivíduos considerados normais. Foram evidenciadas alterações na linguagem e fluência verbal em pacientes com HSA no período pré-operatório. A divisão dos pacientes de acordo com a escala de Fisher, permitiu identificar diferenças entre os subgrupos e concluir que os pacientes com sangramento mais vultuoso (Fisher III e IV) possuem maiores declínios nas funções analisadas.

"Because the writings of such an author as Mrs. Fisher would be helpful to students of regional America, and also because the writer of this paper has a parallel regional background, Dorothy Canfield Fisher seemed a particularily interesting subject for a bio-bibliography. She was a prolific writer, publishing ten novels, many books about the education of children and adults, stories for children, and innumerable short stories and articles. In addition she served on the original committee of selection for the Book-of-the-Month Club for twenty-five years. Family and academic life in the middle-West, and experiences garnered during her travels abroad are reflected in many of her stories, but the major portion of her writings is concerned with Vermont and New England. It is beyond the scope of this paper to include all the literary or critical works by Dorothy Canfield Fisher. The present study endeavors to give the reader a resumé of the events in Mrs. Fisher's life and their influence on her writing as evinced only in her novels, together with a critical evaluation of these works as found in contemporary reviews"--Introduction. / Carbon copy of typescript. / "August, 1959." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Sara K. Srygley, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-84).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Acadia University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references ( leaves 67-77). Also available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Les chimistes comme tous travailleurs ont besoin d'outils pour leur travail, en l'occurrence les réactions chimiques. Ces outils permettent aux chimistes de transformer la matière et ainsi de fabriquer des produits naturels ou non-naturels à partir de précurseurs aisément disponibles. Par exemple, le menthol est un additif naturel d'une grande importance industrielle et il est synthétisé à partir du pinne qui est extrait des aiguilles de pins à coût modéré. C'est pourquoi, il est fondamental de concevoir et développer de tels outils. Afin de connaître les étendues possibles d'application, le chimiste effectue un travail dit de méthodologie. De nombreux essais sont réalisés de façon précise et rationnelle pour déterminer les limites et les avantages de la réaction d'intérêt. Dans ce mémoire, la réaction d'intérêt est une cycloaddition (4+1) intramoléculaire formelle. Lors de cette réaction deux liens carbone-carbone sont formés. Cela permet de passer d'une structure simple linéaire à une structure complexe bicyclique, présentant un levier synthétique, la double liaison. Dans la première partie de l'introduction de ce mémoire sont rapportées toutes les utilisations des aminocarbènes, c'est-à-dire les carbènes avec un atome d'azote en position a du carbène. On s'est restreint aux carbènes métalliques, de type Fisher. On a détaillé plus précisément les aminocarbènes de chrome, qui sont au coeur de ce projet. La seconde partie de l'introduction présente brièvement les réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) rapportées dans la littérature, nous détaillons plus particulièrement les réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) utilisant des carbènes de chrome. Nous arrivons alors à la première réaction de cycloaddition (4+1) intermoléculaire, mettant en jeu un diène neutre et un aminocarbène de chrome et nous résumons ensuite les travaux de Louis-Philippe Lefebvre. Le deuxième chapitre du mémoire décrit les efforts effectués afin d'élargir l'étendue de la réaction et la compréhension du mécanisme réactionnel des réactions de cycloaddition (4+1) formelle où les substrats présentent des différences électroniques et de grandeur de cycles créés. Nous discutons des apports des résultats obtenus et du chemin qu'il reste à parcourir pour compléter l'étude de cette réaction et de l'appliquer en synthèse totale de produits naturels.

This thesis presents a new analysis of British naval policy before and during the First World War which challenges both orthodox and revisionist interpretations of the period and highlights a highly significant yet much neglected facet of Admiralty planning. It argues that safeguarding the British Isles from invasion was one of the Admiralty’s prime concerns between 1888 and 1918 and that these defensive considerations played a hitherto unappreciated role in shaping British naval strategy. By exploiting source material generally overlooked by previous writers, it demonstrates that, contrary to popular historical belief, Britain’s naval leadership planned extensively to ensure the inviolability of the British coastline during this period. Before 1900, these plans were characterized by relying upon an extensive flotilla of small vessels, supported by a small number of old armoured warships, to secure the position in the Channel and North Sea, while the Navy’s most modern warships focused upon the main French Fleet in the Mediterranean. The Admiralty’s willingness to rely primarily upon flotilla craft for home defence ended after 1900, however, when German displaced France as Britain’s primary naval rival. Germany posed a very different threat to Britain than had previously been the case with France, since it possessed a merchant marine large enough to transport a significant military force without major disruption to the normal operation of its commerce and had her naval forces concentrated in northern waters. Despite the paucity of German planning for the invasion of the United Kingdom, the Admiralty became haunted by the possibility of a ‘surprise’ German invasion attempt, launched before the outset of war and escorted by a strong German Fleet. The Admiralty identified the danger of a surprise German raid or invasion by early 1907 and formed a series of highly secretive plans to deploy the Navy’s most modern armoured warships into the North Sea at the outset of war to meet this danger. These plans were updated constantly between 1910 and 1918 as perceptions of the German threat developed. The nature and extent of these plans has highly significant implications for our understanding of naval policy throughout the period, and for our appreciation of the role of sea power during the First World War.