Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielAS_DISSERT.pdf: 3143542 bytes, checksum: 1b31fca6cd4d97bbe720b18b7d1d4f19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as caj?-umbu, is an endemic plant from Northeastern Brazil, where their leaves are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory processes, while their fruits have a great agro industrial potential. This study was designed to evaluate hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the acute toxicity and repeated dose 28, using a methanolic extract (MES), a fraction rich in flavonoids (FRF) and a precipitate from Spondias sp.leaves. The antioxidant activity of them was valued to evaluate their free radical scavenger capacity by DPPH test, whereas MES and FRF were used to evaluate while the preventive action on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups (n=5) of female Wistar rats were used as follows: control group, CCl4-intoxicated group treated with EMS (500 mg/kg) for 7 days, three CCl4-intoxicated groups treated with FRF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) for 7 days and the CCl4-intoxicated group treated with Legalon ? (silimarina; (phytotherapeutic reference) (50 mg/kg; 7 days). MES and FRF showed a protective action against liver injury induced by CCl4, being observed a significant reduction of serum enzyme activity marker of liver damage (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). On the other hand, the lipid peroxidation (SRAT) decrease, as well as the increase of glutathione content and enzyme activity of antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx) toward near normal values indicated the ability of EMS to restore the oxidative imbalance induced by CCl4. The histological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotection, compared to degenerative changes in CCl4-treated group. This hepatoprotetor effect was similar to that shown by Legalon?. The in vitro high antioxidant capacity of extract (93.16 ? 1.00%) showed analogous results to those obtained by Carduus marianus BHT (reference standard). This fact explains the obtained results in vivo. Although no antimicrobial activity was detected, EMS and FRF promoted the antinociceptive effect induced in the second phase by the intraplantar formalin test, evidencing the anti-inflammatory action; confirmed by the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The evaluation of the mechanical allodynia (CFA a 80%) demonstrated the involvement of the Spondias sp. chemical composition in the anti-inflammatory activity toward the acute processes. The acute exposure and repeated dose during 28 days did not produce significant changes in the parameters that evaluate toxicity. Together the experimental results reveal, that Spondias sp. leaf extracts have a promising potential in pharmaceutical area, and due to its non-toxic condition present efficiency and security / Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae), popularmente conhecida como caj?-umbu, ? uma planta end?mica do Nordeste do Brasil, onde as suas folhas s?o largamente usadas na medicina popular no tratamento de processos inflamat?rios, enquanto os seus frutos possuem grande potencial agro-industrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades hepatoprotetora, antioxidante, antibacteriana, antinociceptiva, antiinflamat?ria, al?m da toxicidade aguda e 28 doses repetidas, usando um extrato metan?lico (EMS), uma fra??o rica em flavon?ides (FRF) e um precipitado obtidos de folhas de de Spondias sp. A atividade antioxidante dos mesmos foi avaliada para determinar a capacidade de sequestro do radical livre DPPH, enquanto que MES e e FRF foram utilizados para avaliar a capacidade hepatoprotetora em les?es induzidas por tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4). Sete grupos (n=5) de ratas Wistar foram usados como se segue: grupo de controle, grupo intoxicado com CCl4- tratado com EMS (500 mg/kg) durante 7 dias, tr?s grupo intoxicado com CCl4 tratados com o FRF (25, 50 e 75 mg/kg) durante 7 dias e o grupo intoxicado com CCl4 tratado com Legalon? (silimarina, fitoter?pico de refer?ncia). EMS e FRF apresentaram a??o protetora contra o dano hep?tico induzido por CCl4, ao ser observada a redu??o significativa da atividade enzim?tica de marcadores s?ricos (alanina transaminase e aspartato transaminase). Al?m disto, a redu??o da peroxida??o lip?dica, o aumento do conte?do de glutationa e da atividade enzim?tica do sistema de defesa de antioxidante (SOD, CAT, GPx), compar?veis aos valores normais, indicaram a capacidade de MES e FRF de restaurar o desequil?brio oxidativo induzido por CCl4. A an?lise histological confirmou a hepatoprote??o, em compara??o ?s modifica??es degenerativas no grupo tratado com CCl4. Este efeito hepatoprotetor foi an?logo ao mostrado pelo Legalon?. A alta capacidade de antioxidante in vitro do extrato (93.16 ?1.00 %) foi similar ? obtida com Carduus marianus e BHT (padr?es de refer?ncia), fato este que explica os resultados obtidos in vivo. Nenhuma atividade antibacteriana foi detectada, por?m, EMS e FRF promoveram o efeito antinociceptivo induzido na segunda fase da inje??o intraplantar de formalina, evidenciando a a??o antiinflamat?ria; confirmado pelo modelo de peritonite induzida por carragenina. A avalia??o da alodinia mec?nica (CFA a 80%) demonstrou o envolvimento da composi??o qu?mica de Spondias sp. na atividade anti-inflamat?ria em rela??o aos processos agudos. A exposi??o aguda e dose repetida durante 28 dias n?o produziram mudan?as significativas nos par?metros que avaliaram a toxicidade. Os resultados experimentais, revelaram que extratos de folhas de Spondias sp. possuem um potencial promissor na ?rea farmac?utica e face ? sua atoxicidade apresentam efici?ncia e seguran?a

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T19:41:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahPollyanaDiasDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 10111393 bytes, checksum: 44cc6b08e8b21238733661e330e1b811 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-05T19:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahPollyanaDiasDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 10111393 bytes, checksum: 44cc6b08e8b21238733661e330e1b811 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T19:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahPollyanaDiasDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 10111393 bytes, checksum: 44cc6b08e8b21238733661e330e1b811 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., esp?cie nativa da caatinga com grande ocorr?ncia no nordeste, conhecida popularmente como pereiro, utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de doen?as e enfermidades. Consta na literatura diversos trabalhos realizados, relatando a presen?a de classes de compostos org?nicos como alcaloides, entre outras, que seriam respons?veis por propriedades terap?uticas existentes nessa esp?cie. O estudo fitoqu?mico de A. pyrifolium, das fra??es da semente e cascas do fruto, utilizando m?todos cromatogr?ficos cl?ssicos e purifica??o por CLAE, nos permitiu o isolamento de tr?s compostos. A partir da fra??o hex?nica das cascas do fruto (APCF-H) foi isolado o triterpeno ?cido betul?nico, n?o relatado anteriormente na esp?cie A. pyrifolium. Das fra??es diclorometano (APSE/DCM) e acetato de etila 50% dicloromentano (APSEA/50% DCM) das sementes foi poss?vel o isolamento do alcaloide plumerano pentac?clico aspidospermina, do alcaloide ?-carbolina glicosilado Cordifolina, n?o descrito anteriormente na esp?cie e outro composto do tipo ?-carbolina que n?o possui uma estrutura elucidada at? o momento. O extrato das sementes fra??o diclorometano (APSE/DCM) foi analisado por CG/EM (cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa) e seus dados foram comparados com dados na literatura em banco de dados (NIST08.LIB), foi identificada a presen?a dos alcaloides 1-acetil-aspidospermidina, aspidospermina e pirifolina, dentre outros compostos minorit?rios. A avalia??o da atividade antioxidante, pelo m?todo sequestrador de radical livre de DPPH (2,2-difenil-1picril-hidrazila), da fra??o APSE/DCM apresentou um percentual de atividade antioxidande m?ximo (AA% m?ximo) de 83,68%, com concentra??o inibit?ria 50% (IC50) 133,4867 ? 2,22. A fra??o das sementes fra??o diclorometano (APSE/DCM) foi avaliada em rela??o ? toxicidade contra Artemia salina, tendo em vista que j? existiam relatos da toxicidade nas folhas de A. pyrifolium, comprovamos a toxicidade aguda nas fra??o das sementes diclorometano com concentra??o letal m?dia (CL50) em 24 horas de 1,1524 ?g.ml-1, sendo consideradas t?xicas as esp?cies que apresentam CL50 inferior a 1000 ?g.ml-1. Na segunda parte do trabalho foi realizado um levantamento bibliogr?fico de alcaloides do tipo ?-carbolina de ocorr?ncia natural, com suas estruturas, atividades relatadas e um banco de dados com seus deslocamentos qu?micos em RMN 1H e 13C, totalizando 169 alcaloides descritos na literatura, do per?odo de 1992 a 2016, agrupados em quatro principais grupos, denominados ?-carbolina, dihidro-?-carbolina, tetrahidro-?-carbolina e os ?-carbolinas divergentes, este levantamento auxiliar? na elucida??o estrutural de novas mol?culas. / Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., a native species of the caatinga with great occurrence in the northeast, known perpularmente as pereiro, used in popular medicine in the treatment of diseases and diseases. There are several studies carried out in the literature, reporting the presence of classes of organic compounds such as alkaloids, among others, that would be responsible for the therapeutic properties of this species. The phytochemical study of A. pyrifolium, seed fractions and fruit peels using classical chromatographic methods and purification by HPLC allowed us to isolate three compounds. From the hexanic fraction of fruit peels (APCF-H) was isolated the betulinic acid triterpene, not previously reported in the A. pyrifolium species. From the dichloromethane (APSE/DCM) and ethyl acetate 50% dichloromethane (APSEA / 50% DCM) fractions of the seeds, it was possible to isolate the pentacyclic pentameric aspidospermine alkaloid from the glycosylated ?-carboline alkaloid Cordifolina, not previously described in the species and another compound of the ?-carboline type that does not have a structure elucidated until the moment. The extract of the seeds dichloromethane fraction (APSE/DCM) was analyzed by GC/MS (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) and its data were compared with data in the literature in database (NIST08.LIB), the presence of the alkaloids 1-acetyl-aspidospermidine, aspidospermine and pyrifoline, among other minor compounds. The antioxidant activity evaluation of the APSE/DCM fraction showed a percentage of maximum antioxidant activity (AA% maximum) of 83.68%, with the free radical sequestration method of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila). Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) 133.4867 ? 2.22. The fraction of the seeds dichloromethane fraction (APSE/DCM) was evaluated in relation to the toxicity against Artemia salina, considering that there were already reports of the toxicity in the leaves of A. pyrifolium, we verified the acute toxicity in the seed dichloromethane fraction with average lethal concentration (CL50) in 24 hours of 1.1524 ?g.ml-1, species with CL50 less than 1000 ?g.ml-1 being considered toxic. In the second part of the work a bibliographic survey of naturally occurring ?-carboline alkaloids with their structures, reported activities and a database with their chemical displacements in 1H and 13C NMR were carried out, totaling 169 alkaloids described in the literature. From 1992 to 2016, grouped into four main groups, named ?-carboline, dihydro-?-carboline, tetrahydro-?-carboline and the divergent ?-carbolines, this survey will aid in the structural elucidation of new molecules.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-06-14T22:02:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 63-lais-cardoso-dissertacao-completa-07-08-2014.pdf: 1594778 bytes, checksum: 095a7789d1a934007d9907b518ed7989 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T22:02:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 63-lais-cardoso-dissertacao-completa-07-08-2014.pdf: 1594778 bytes, checksum: 095a7789d1a934007d9907b518ed7989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The species was selected to carry out the research because of the wide medicinal use for diarrhea treatment by the Brazilian northeast population. The objective of this work was to study the morphological and anatomical aspects of the leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, detect the presence of the major classes of secondary metabolites present in the crude extract of the leaves and still assessing the potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial said extract and its fractions. To achieve the objectives, paradermic sections and cross were made to study the epidermis and its annexes. Was also analyzed characters of leaf morphology and petiole through histological sections. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed by colorimetric tests and tests precipitation. From the raw methanol extract was held partitions with increasing polarity solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). The fractionation and purification of the partitioned extracts was performed by column chromatography (CC) and monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The crude extract (EB), and fractions were subjected to test the free radical sequestration 1,1 - diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and the mortality of Artemia salina, to assess antioxidant activities and cytotoxic activities, respectively. To evaluate the antibacterial activity were performed the disk diffusion techniques in well and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) compared to the strains of Salmonella and E.coli. The blade is amphistomatic with stomata of diac?tic type, the epidermis is uniseriate, with the presence of trichomes. The results detected the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity, IC 50 values (mg / ml) were found 6.62 to 446.20 for the tested extracts. For cytotoxicity, all extracts showed LC50 values (mg / ml) 211.16 to 446.20, and the hexane extract the most active (LC50 211.16). For antibacterial analysis, has not been demonstrated activity of extracts front bacteria tested. The toxicity of the leaf of this species refers caution about their safety for use by the population. / A esp?cie foi selecionada para realiza??o da pesquisa devido ? ampla utiliza??o medicinal para tratamento de diarreia pela popula??o do nordeste brasileiro. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar os aspectos morfoan?tomicos das folhas de Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, detectar presen?a das principais classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes no extrato bruto de suas folhas e ainda avalia??o do potencial antioxidante, citot?xico e antibacteriano do referido extrato e suas fra??es. Para alcan?ar os objetivos, sec??es parad?rmicas e transversais foram efetuadas para estudo da epiderme e seus anexos. Analisou-se tamb?m caracteres da morfologia foliar e do pec?olo atrav?s de cortes histol?gicos. Foi realizada triagem fitoqu?mica do extrato bruto atrav?s de testes colorim?tricos e ensaios de precipita??o. A partir do extrato bruto metan?lico, realizou-se parti??es com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, clorof?rmio e acetato de etila). O fracionamento e purifica??o dos extratos particionados foi realizado por cromatografia em coluna (CC) e monitorado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). O Extrato Bruto (EB) e as frac?es foram submetidos ao teste do sequestro do radical livre 1,1 ? difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e ao ensaio de letalidade da Artemia salina, para avalia??o das atividades antioxidante e citot?xica, respectivamente. Para avalia??o da atividade antibacteriana foram executadas as t?cnicas de difus?o em disco, em po?o e MIC (concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima) frente ?s cepas de Samonella e E.coli. A l?mina foliar ? anfiestom?tica, com est?matos do tipo diac?tico, a epiderme ? uniestratificada, com presen?a de tricomas tectores. Os resultados detectaram presen?a de taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas. Na avalia??o da atividade antioxidante, os valores de IC50 (mg/ml) encontrados foram de 6,62 a 446,20 para os extratos testados. Quanto ? citotoxicidade, todos os extratos apresentaram valores de LC50 (mg/ml) de 211,16 a 446,20, sendo o extrato hex?nico o mais ativo (LC50 211,16) . Quanto ? an?lise antibacteriana, n?o foi demonstrada atividade dos extratos frente as bact?rias testadas. A toxicidade apresentada pela folha dessa esp?cie remete cautela quanto ? sua seguran?a para uso pela popula??o.