This master’s thesis deals with the strain-stress analyses of the pig femoral bone in physiological and pathological condition. Pathological condition is determined by a significant defect in diaphysis of the bone fixed by using direct angular stable locking plate with screws. The thesis describes the creation of computational models with special focus on bone tissues models of material, which are based on analysis of digital images from computed tomography (CT). There are created and analyzed three types of computational models: the first one corresponds to physiological condition of femur, the second one to femur with significant defect and fixation plate and the third one to femur with significant defect, fixation plate and rod. Every model is loaded in three ways: the first of them simulating the experimental conditions of pressure testing of the femur, the second one bone stress in the sagittal plane and the third one stress by using load determined from probational release of the pig hind limb. Strain-stress states are determined by finite element method using Ansys computational system. Gained results of stress and strain are compared with experimental measurements. The thesis presents a basic idea of the mechanical behavior of porcine femur and porcine femur with significant bone defect.

Preparation of biological samples for transmission electron microscopy is not a trivial task. The samples must withstand a vacuum environment present inside a microscope, and it is often necessary to use non-physiological procedures for their processing. These procedures usually involve aldehyde-based fixation, replacing water with alcohol (i.e. dehydration/substitution), and embedding into a resin, which creates support for the subsequent preparation of thin sections that can be placed into the microscope. In the last decade, the method of cryo-fixation (vitrification) using ultra-fast high-pressure freezing followed by freeze substitution and low-temperature resin embedding gained a dominant position in the cell biology research. In this way, a range of biological samples with a thicknesses up to several hundreds of micrometers was successfully vitrified to a state that was closely related to their in vivo structures. The cryo-fixation of isolated biological objects (with a limited thickness up to several micrometers) is possible in a thin layer of vitrified water by plunge freezing at ambient pressure. In combination with electron cryo-microscopy, this method has become the most effective and fundamental principle for the high-resolution studies and image analysis of fully hydrated samples...

Preparation of biological samples for transmission electron microscopy is not a trivial task. The samples must withstand a vacuum environment present inside a microscope, and it is often necessary to use non-physiological procedures for their processing. These procedures usually involve aldehyde-based fixation, replacing water with alcohol (i.e. dehydration/substitution), and embedding into a resin, which creates support for the subsequent preparation of thin sections that can be placed into the microscope. In the last decade, the method of cryo-fixation (vitrification) using ultra-fast high-pressure freezing followed by freeze substitution and low-temperature resin embedding gained a dominant position in the cell biology research. In this way, a range of biological samples with a thicknesses up to several hundreds of micrometers was successfully vitrified to a state that was closely related to their in vivo structures. The cryo-fixation of isolated biological objects (with a limited thickness up to several micrometers) is possible in a thin layer of vitrified water by plunge freezing at ambient pressure. In combination with electron cryo-microscopy, this method has become the most effective and fundamental principle for the high-resolution studies and image analysis of fully hydrated samples...

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Dissertation with title: Housing Financing in the Czech Republic using mortgage loan deals with analysis of mortgage loans. Work aims to acquaint with issue and options of financing of housing. First part is focused on legislation and theory of mortgage loans, where is also characterised process of mortgage loans. Further is followed up comparison mortgage loans with loans from building savings, their advantages and disadvantages when are used to financing of housing. In the second part are presented macroeconomic indicators, that affect state of mortgage market. In the third part are analysed mortgage products of four selected banks , that are Hypotecni banky a.s , Komercni banky a.s, Raiffeisenbank a.s. and České spořitelny a.s. Last part is devoted to model example of two hypothetical clients, where it is carried out comparison of the mortgage loan in the selected banks in terms of fundamental parameters and also the APR. Goal of dissertation is to provide recommendation within this form financing of housing and choose the best variant of mortgage loan for hypothetical clients.

The main subject of diploma thesis is definition and description of different possibilities of financing the construction of family house, then processing and evaluation of variants offered by selected bank companies in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part, there are basic knowledge about given issue, which are further applied in the practical part. The practical part deals with the comparison of various financing and selection of the most suitable ones according to selected criteria.

The original aim of my diploma thesis was examination of fixed samples of cladocerans from the Daphnia longispina species complex from reservoirs Vír and Vranov for the presence of 4 groups of microparasites: microsporidia, oomycetes, the protozoan Caullerya mesnili, and the yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata. The next aim was to determine the effect of parasites on Daphnia fecundity, and determination of their spatial and temporal distribution within reservoirs. From the total number 4452 of examined Daphnia females, however, only 56 individuals were infected. This number was not sufficient for the planned analyses. As I recorded for all examined individuals the clutch size, I thus dealt to a large extent with an alternative issue: the temporal and spatial variation of, and the influence of environmental factors on Daphnia fecundity. Both studied reservoirs are characteristic by canyon-shaped profile that allows formation of environmental gradients on the horizontal as well as vertical axis. The results confirm that reservoir identity, season, and location within the reservoir (or gradient of food supply) have all significant effects on fecundity. During my work I have encountered difficulties associated with determining microparazites from fixed zooplankton samples. The appendix section of my thesis...

The main task of this thesis was to investigate the influence of the preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting on the morphometric characteristics of water bugs´ and to test the hypothesis that live individuals and individuals preserved by ethyl alcohol and dry mounted (both groups deal with individuals of the same species, sex and developmental stage) have the same morphometric parameters. The next task was to determine the effect of preparation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting on the change of weight caused by different way of individuals´ preparation. Two model species of water bugs were chosen for this study: creeping water bug Ilyocoris cimicoides (Naucoridae) and backswimmer Notonecta glauca (Notonectidae). Weight and twelve other morphometric body characters were measured in adults of both sexes of both species. All data and their differences were tested by Student's paired t-test or nonparametric Wilcoxon test. The level of significance p = 0,05 was used for the decision whether the difference before and after preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting is or is not statistically significant. Both preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting influence only the body weight of treated individuals. Other morphometric characters are more or less independent on the way of preservation of water bugs´ individuals in collections. In this work, we also tested the effect of the Dyar rule for the increase in weight and size between different developmental stages of both species studied. Dyar rule for the evolution of both species was not verified. This project was supported by the grant of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. P505/10/0096.

The aim of this thesis was to analyze consumer credit and mortgage loans during the financial crisis in selected commercial bank. In the theoretical part I define important terms. I differentiate between types of loans, explain types of banking risks and their current management. In the practical part I analyzed the survey data and the volume of borrowed finances and the failure rates of individual loans. Were the proposed new methodology aimed at eliminating risks in the bank.

Alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) is a species of a pioneer plant usually colonizing sites in the early stage of ecological succession, such as spoil heaps after open-cast brown coal mining in the Sokolov mining district in north western Bohemia, Czech Republic. These spoil heaps are very poor in nutrients available for plants, yet alders grow in a mutualistic relationship with actinomycetes Frankia, which live in root nodules of the alder plants. Frankia are able of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) molecules, which can be then assimilate by alders, via enzyme nitrogenase. Thus, in the early stages of succession, alders have a competitive advantage to other non- fixing plant species living only on nitrates (NO3 - ) and ammonia ions (NH4 + ) present in soils. The aim of this study was to conduct and assess two greenhouse experiments. The first experiment studied the response of alder growth to presence of Frankia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of order Glomerales. The performance of alder growth was significantly higher when alders were inoculated with both Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi in comparison to when alders have grown on their own or only with a mycorrhizal symbiont - both on 14 and 60 years old soils from Sokolov mines. In the second experiment, soil pH and iron (Fe) and...