M. Tech. Engineering: Chemical / Researches the usability and efficiency of the synthesized PPy/Al2O3 nanocomposite as adsorbent in Cr(VI) remediation from contaminated wastewaters.The specific objectives of the study are:to synthesise and characterize the PPy/Al2O3 nanocomposite ; to characterize the prepared nanocomposite using several sophisticated instruments such as, SEM, BET, XRD, et cetera ; to carryout batch adsorption equilibrium and kinetics studies for evaluating the performance of the nanosorbent and to gain insight into the underlying adsorption mechanisms.; to apply adsorption equilibrium and kinetic models.; to assess the breakthrough performance of the PPy/Al2O3 nanocomposite for Cr(VI) adsorption by varying operating parameters, in fixed bed column mode and to apply existing mathematical models to predict the performance of fixed bed adsorption systems and to obtain column design parameters.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane.pdf: 1676874 bytes, checksum: b32327481322325a528776559d52d690 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / Attempting to associate waste treatment to the production of clean and renewable energy, the present research aimed to evaluate the biological production of hydrogen using wastewater from the manioc starch treatment industry, a liquid wastewater of high organic content, generated during the processes of extraction and purification of manioc starch. The experiment was carried out in two upflow fixed-bed anaerobic reactors. As support, bamboo stems and low density polyethylene scraps. Made with pexiglass, each reactor was built with 75 cm of height, with 2.96 L of useful volume for the reactor with bamboo support and 3.13 L for the one with Polyethylene support. The inoculum, collected in a pilot anaerobic reactor, received thermal pretreatment and was recirculated in the reactors for 48 h. Then, alimentation was initiated in a continuum manner. The system was operated with hydraulic detention time (TDH) of 4 and 3 h, at 36 °C and initial pH of 6.0. In the TDH of 4 h, 3 organic loading rates were applied (COV), of 28; 15 and 26 g.L-1.d-1; in the TDH of 3 h 4 COV were applied, of 35; 22; 22 and 27 g.L-1.d-1. The application of the COV did not follow any particular pattern due to the variability of the wastewater constitution. Hence, the effects of TDH, COV and the support mean on the production of hydrogen were evaluated, as well as the influence of bamboo and of low density polyethylene in the fixation and selection of microorganisms that produce hydrogen. Maximum hydrogen production in the reactor using bamboo was of 2.9 L.d-1 in TDH 4h and of 2.2 L.d-1 in the reactor using polyethylene in TDH of 3 h. Hydrogen percentage of 25% in biogas was reached in the reactor using bamboo and of 29% in the reactor using polyethylene. The yielding obtained was of 0.6 L H2.g-1sugar in the reactor using bamboo in TDH 4 h and of 0.8 L H2.g-1sugar in the reactor using polyethylene in TDH 3 h. In both reactors, the mean total sugar removal was of approximately 90%. / Buscando aliar o tratamento de resíduos à produção de energia limpa e renovável, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção biológica de hidrogênio a partir da água residuária da indústria de fécula de mandioca, resíduo líquido de elevada carga orgânica, gerado durante os processos de extração e purificação do amido. O experimento foi realizado em dois reatores anaeróbios de leito fixo e fluxo ascendente. Como meio suporte foram utilizadas hastes de bambu e aparas de polietileno de baixa densidade. Confeccionados em pexiglass, cada reator foi construído com 75 cm de altura, o volume útil calculado foi de 2,96 L para o reator com suporte de bambu e 3,13 L para o reator com suporte de polietileno. O inóculo, coletado em um reator anaeróbio piloto, recebeu pré-tratamento térmico e foi recirculado nos reatores por 48 h. Em seguida, iniciou-se a alimentação em modo contínuo. O sistema foi operado com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 4 e 3 h, a 36 °C e pH inicial 6,0. No TDH de 4 h foram aplicadas 3 cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) de 28; 15 e 26 g.L-1.d-1; no TDH de 3 h foram aplicadas 4 COV de 35; 22; 22 e 27 g.L-1.d-1. A aplicação das COV não seguiu a um padrão devido à variabilidade na constituição da água residuária. Dessa forma, foram avaliados os efeitos do TDH, da COV e do suporte sobre a produção fermentativa de hidrogênio e também a influência do bambu e do polietileno de baixa densidade na fixação e seleção dos micro-organismos produtores de hidrogênio. A produção máxima de hidrogênio no reator com bambu foi de 2,9 L.d-1 em TDH 4 h e de 2,2 L.d-1 no reator com polietileno em TDH de 3 h. Foram alcançados percentuais de hidrogênio no biogás de 25% no reator com bambu e 29% o reator com polietileno. O rendimento obtido foi de 0,6 L H2.g-1açúcar no reator com bambu em TDH 4 h e 0,8 L H2.g-1açúcar no reator com polietileno em TDH 3 h. Em ambos os reatores a degradação média de açúcares totais foi de aproximadamente 90%.

Le contrôle thermique des réactions dans les réacteurs à lits fixes nécessite la maîtrise du transfert thermique en proche paroi. Afin d’optimiser leur conception et en particulier de maintenir un chemin réactionnel le plus proche possible de l’isothermicité, un modèle de transfert thermique pertinent dans un tel milieu est indispensable. Deux premières thèses au Laboratoire d'Energétique et de Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée ont permis de mettre au point un modèle dispersif utilisable à cœur de réacteur. La présente thèse met en évidence un effet de paroi non négligeable causé par la variation de porosité du lit à l’approche de la paroi. Ce travail propose un raccordement du cœur, où le modèle thermique précédent est légitime, à la paroi, par une couche homogénéisée. Cette approche est validée par une caractérisation expérimentale des paramètres du modèle sur un dispositif de laboratoire en utilisant une méthode d’inversion originale reposant sur une approche Bayesienne. Une validation de cette caractérisation dans une géométrie plus proche d’un réacteur industriel est également effectuée / Thermal control for chemical reactions conducted in fixed-bed reactors requires a fine knowledge about heat transfer in the near-wall region of the bed. In order to optimize the process design, to minimize the mass of catalyst that is needed, one must attempt to maintain the operational path of the reactor the closest of the isotherm functioning. A pertinent and reliable heat transfer model is then required. Two thesis were realized in the Laboratoire d'Energétique et de Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée in order to construct a corresponding dispersive model. This model can be used at the core of the reactor, where the porous medium can be homogenized. This thesis shows a wall effect that cannot be neglected. This wall effect is directly caused by the important variation of the porosity distribution near the wall of the bed. This work proposes a junction between a core layer, where the previous model is still valid, and the wall through an homogenized near-wall layer. This approach is validated by the mean of an experimental characterization of the model parameters, using an original inversion technique based on a Bayesian approach. A validation of this characterization in another geometry is also done. This geometry is closer to an industrial reactor