Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T16:24:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TássioMeloLinhares.pdf: 3677540 bytes, checksum: 0ebe53822753f1624bbab44e8f171fc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-05-30T11:17:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TássioMeloLinhares.pdf: 3677540 bytes, checksum: 0ebe53822753f1624bbab44e8f171fc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T11:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TássioMeloLinhares.pdf: 3677540 bytes, checksum: 0ebe53822753f1624bbab44e8f171fc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento, análise e comparação de diferentes metodologias para o projeto de compensadores de heave em coluna de perfuração. Primeiramente, é apresentada uma revisão dos trabalhos já realizados, presentes na literatura. Na sequência, é apresentado um estudo da modelagem da coluna de perfuração. Continuando os estudos, uma metodologia de projeto de compensador de heave passivo é apresentada e realizada em um protótipo de pequena escala. Com o intuito de obter maiores níveis de atenuação, projetos de compensadores ativos são realizados. Assim, o estudo de observadores, estimadores e filtros, como o filtro de Kalman é desenvolvido. Três metodologias de controle ativo são apresentadas, alocação de polos, alocação de polos com rejeição de perturbação (usando planicidade diferencial) e controle robusto backstepping. Por fim, os resultados das simulações numéricas são apresentados e analisados. / This master thesis presents the development, analysis and comparison of different heave compensator methodologies for drill string. Firstly, a review of previous studies about the subject is presented. Next, is presented a study of drill string modelling. Following the studies, a methodology to design a passive heave compensator is develop and validated by using a small scale prototype. In order to obtain higher levels of attenuation, active heave compensators are designed. Hence, the study of observers, estimators and filters, such as Kalman filter is developed. Three methodologies of active controls are presented, pole placement, pole placement with disturbance rejection using flatness and backstepping robust control. Finally, numerical simulations results are presented and analysed.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-25T18:11:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PedroEliasWeberdeDeusAmaral.pdf: 7076659 bytes, checksum: 6de9dfe0cdfa56358ad5169613be97c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-28T17:29:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PedroEliasWeberdeDeusAmaral.pdf: 7076659 bytes, checksum: 6de9dfe0cdfa56358ad5169613be97c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T17:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PedroEliasWeberdeDeusAmaral.pdf: 7076659 bytes, checksum: 6de9dfe0cdfa56358ad5169613be97c6 (MD5) / A estabilidade de um sistema elétrico de potência é um dos requisitos para que as cargas do sistema sejam atendidas com qualidade e sem interrupções. O adequado monitoramento e o amortecimento dos modos de oscilação eletromecânica são fundamentais para o controle da estabilidade de um sistema elétrico. Esta dissertação apresenta um método para identificação de modos de oscilação eletromecânica cujo fundamento é baseado no princípio do Filtro de Kalman Estendido. Os modos são calculados a partir de parâmetros que também são estados do filtro. A metodologia é voltada para identificação de parâmetros característicos de sinais obtidos de PMU (PhasorMeasurementUnits). Todos os sinais obtidos e utilizados para testes são de baixa amplitude, conhecidos como dados de ambiente. A técnica proposta foi avaliada por meio de dois tipos de dados. Em um primeiro tipo, os sinais foram simulados. Com esta finalidade, utilizou-se o software Power System Toolbox (PST). Em outros testes, foram considerados dados de campo, obtidos de PMUs instaladas em baixa tensão localizados em universidades brasileiras em diversos estados. Considerando a natureza estocástica dos sinais, o método proposto identificou adequadamente os modos dominantes presentes nos dados de ambiente simulados do sistema teste, tanto em situações em que a frequência e amortecimento do modo eram fixos, quanto em situações em que os parâmetros do modo variavam ao longo do período de simulação. No caso dos resultados determinados para os dados de campo, foi identificada a presença de modo de oscilação dominante, na faixa entre 0,2 Hz e 0,4 Hz. Este é um modo interárea, característico do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). Portanto, em ambos os testes a metodologia proposta mostrou-se adequada para identificação de modos dominantes a partir de dados de ambiente. / Power Systems must be stable for the system loads to be supplied continiously and with good quality. The proper monitoring and damping of electromechanical oscillation modes are fundamental for the power system stability control. This thesis presents a method for identification of electromechanical oscillation modes based on the Extended Kalman Filter. The modes are calculated from parameters which are also state variables of the filter. The methodology aims to identify characteristic parameters of signals obtained from PMU (Phasor Measurement Units). All the signals obtained and used in tests are low amplitude signals, also known as ambient data. The proposed methodology was evaluated by two kinds of data. In a first kind, the signals were simulated. For this purpose, it was used the Power System Toolbox software (PST). In the second kind, it was considered field data obtained from PMUs installed at low voltage in Brazilian universities in several states. Considering the stochastic nature of the data, the proposed method identified the dominant modes present in the simulated ambient data of the test system accordingly, both in situations in which the frequency and damping of the mode were fixed, as in situations in which the mode parameters varied throughout the period of simulation. In the case of the field data, the results identified the presence of dominant oscillation mode in the frequency range between 0,2 Hz and 0,4 Hz. This is an inter-area mode, characteristic of the Brazilian National Grid. Therefore, in both kinds of data, the proposed methodology was appropriate to identify dominant modes from ambient data.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoSS_TESE.pdf: 2110397 bytes, checksum: c6ade2a7219938325c34c1856e93d29f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / In this Thesis, the development of the dynamic model of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle with vertical takeoff and landing characteristics, considering input nonlinearities and a full state robust backstepping controller are presented. The dynamic model is expressed using the Newton-Euler laws, aiming to obtain a better mathematical representation of the mechanical system for system analysis and control design, not only when it is hovering, but also when it is taking-off, or landing, or flying to perform a task. The input nonlinearities are the deadzone and saturation, where the gravitational effect and the inherent physical constrains of the rotors are related and addressed. The experimental multirotor aerial vehicle is equipped with an inertial measurement unit and a sonar sensor, which appropriately provides measurements of attitude and altitude. A real-time attitude estimation scheme based on the extended Kalman filter using quaternions was developed. Then, for robustness analysis, sensors were modeled as the ideal value with addition of an unknown bias and unknown white noise. The bounded robust attitude/altitude controller were derived based on globally uniformly practically asymptotically stable for real systems, that remains globally uniformly asymptotically stable if and only if their solutions are globally uniformly bounded, dealing with convergence and stability into a ball of the state space with non-null radius, under some assumptions. The Lyapunov analysis technique was used to prove the stability of the closed-loop system, compute bounds on control gains and guaranteeing desired bounds on attitude dynamics tracking errors in the presence of measurement disturbances. The controller laws were tested in numerical simulations and in an experimental hexarotor, developed at the UFRN Robotics Laboratory / Nesta Tese, s?o apresentados os desenvolvimentos da modelagem din?mica de um ve?culo a?reo n?o tripulado multirrotor com capacidade de decolagem e pouso vertical, considerando as n?o linearidades de entrada e o desenvolvimento de um controlador robusto por backstepping. A formula??o do modelo din?mico ? expressa usando-se as leis de Newton-Euler, visando ? obten??o de uma melhor representa??o matem?tica do sistema mec?nico para a an?lise e projeto das leis de controle, n?o apenas quando est? pairando, como tamb?m de decolagem, de pouso, ou de voo executando uma tarefa. As n?o linearidades de entrada s?o a zona morta e a satura??o, onde o efeito gravitacional e as inerentes restri??es f?sicas dos rotores s?o relacionadas e abordadas. O microve?culo experimental est? equipado com uma unidade de medida inercial e um sonar, que devidamente instrumentada fornece as medidas da atitude e altitude. Foi desenvolvido um estimador em tempo real para atitude usando quat?rnios e baseado em filtro de Kalman estendido. Para a formula??o robusta do controlador, os sensores foram modelados como o valor real, que ? o valor ideal com a adi??o de um vi?s e mais um ru?do branco desconhecidos e limitados. Os controladores de atitude e altitude foram derivados usando-se o crit?rio globalmente uniformemente praticamente assintoticamente est?vel para sistemas reais, que permanece globalmente uniformemente assintoticamente est?vel se e somente se suas solu??es s?o globalmente uniformemente limitadas, lidando com a converg?ncia e estabilidade dentro de uma regi?o com raio n?o nula, levando em considera??o algumas suposi??es como as incertezas nas medi??es. A t?cnica de an?lise de Lyapunov foi usada para: provar a estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada; calcular os limites dos ganhos de controle, e, obter a garantia limitada pretendida sobre o erro de rastreamento da din?mica de atitude na presen?a de dist?rbios nas medi??oes. As leis de controle foram testadas em simula??es num?ricas e em um hexarrotor experimental, desenvolvido no Laborat?rio de Rob?tica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Denna rapport redovisar ett examensarbete på Civilingenjör och Lärarprogrammet på KTH och SU.Examensarbetets syfte är att öka förståelsen för och kartlägga hur olika presentationsmodelleruppfattas påverka intresset och möjligheten att ta till sig kunskapen om mekaniken i fjädrandekonstruktionselement (FKE). Tre olika presentationsmodeller har kartlagts därpresentationsmodellernas kommunikativa angreppssätt har varierat mellan auktoritativ ochdialogisk. Presentationsmodellerna som kartlagts är: Seminarie utifrån problembaserat lärande Seminarie utifrån casemetodiken Auktoritativt seminarieGenom deltagande observation och intervjuer har deltagarnas uppfattningar om de olika KPM, vadavser intresse och möjlighet att ta till sig kunskap, testats och kartlagts och studiens slutsatserredovisats. Denna studie utförs inom ämnet FKE och målgruppen för presentationsmodellerna ärvuxna personer med grundläggande kunskaper i mekanik.Resultatet av studien visar att möjligheten till inlärning och intresset ökar om det kommunikativaangreppssättet dialogiskt betonas. Det kommunikativa angreppssättet ska inte planeras vararenodlat dialogiskt eller auktoritativt. Detta beror på att intresset tenderar att minska närkommunikationen blir för auktoritativ samt för att deltagarna kan få det för svårt att styra seminarietdå kommunikationen är för dialogisk. Det blir speciellt svårt för deltagarna att styra detkommunikativa angreppssättet om deltagarna inte har förkunskaper som behövs för att ta till sigkunskaper från seminariet. Den seminariemodell som ökade inlärningen och intresset mest var detcaseutformade seminariet.NyckelordVuxenutbildning, / This essay is the report of my master's dissertation for Master of Engineering and Teacher Program atKTH and SU in Stockholm. The aims of the master’s dissertation are to increase the understandingand compose a map of how different presentation models affect the interest and ability to learnwhen the subject is resilient construction element is presented on a one day seminar.I have composed maps of three different presentation models in which the presentation models’communicative approach varied between authoritative and dialogic. The presentation models thathave been composed a map of are:• Seminar designed by problem-based learning• Seminar designed by the case method• Authoritative seminar The presentations models were tested and based on the tests, the feedback from participants and myparticipation studies, the presentation were surveyed and conclusions drawn about the learning and theinterest. This study was performed in the subject resilient construction element with the target groupadults with a basic skill in mechanics.The result of this study is that the potential for learning and interest increased if the communicativeapproach is in the dialogic direction. The communicative approach should neither be veryauthoritative or very dialogic. This is because the interest tends to decrease when the communicativeapproach is too authoritative and because the participants have problem with directing the seminarif communicative approach is too dialogic. Difficulties occur for the participants to control thedialogic communicative approach if they don’t have prior knowledge. The seminar model thatincreased learning and interests the most was the case-seminar format.

Cette thèse porte sur l'estimation simultanée du coefficient de diffusion et du terme source régissant le modèle de transport de la température dans les plasmas chauds. Ce phénomène physique est décrit par une équation différentielle partielle (EDP) linéaire, parabolique du second-ordre et non-homogène, où le coefficient de diffusion est distribué et le coefficient de réaction est constant. Ce travail peut se présenter en deux parties. Dans la première, le problème d'estimation est traité en dimension finie ("Early lumping approach"). Dans la deuxième partie, le problème d'estimation est traité dans le cadre initial de la dimension infinie ("Late lumping approach"). Pour l'estimation en dimension finie, une fois le modèle établi, la formulation de Galerkin et la méthode d'approximation par projection sont choisies pour convertir l'EDP de transport en un système d'état linéaire, temps-variant et à entrées inconnues. Sur le modèle réduit, deux techniques dédiées à l'estimation des entrées inconnues sont choisies pour résoudre le problème. En dimension infinie, l'estimation en-ligne adaptative est adoptée pour apporter des éléments de réponse aux contraintes et limitations dues à la réduction du modèle. Des résultats de simulations sur des données réelles et simulées sont présentées dans ce mémoire.

Cette thèse porte sur l'estimation simultanée du coefficient de diffusion et du terme source régissant le modèle de transport de la température dans les plasmas chauds. Ce phénomène physique est décrit par une équation différentielle partielle (EDP) linéaire, parabolique du second-ordre et non-homogène, où le coefficient de diffusion est distribué et le coefficient de réaction est constant. Ce travail peut se présenter en deux parties. Dans la première, le problème d'estimation est traité en dimension finie ("Early lumping approach"). Dans la deuxième partie, le problème d'estimation est traité dans le cadre initial de la dimension infinie ("Late lumping approach"). Pour l'estimation en dimension finie, une fois le modèle établi, la formulation de Galerkin et la méthode d'approximation par projection sont choisies pour convertir l'EDP de transport en un système d'état linéaire, temps-variant et à entrées inconnues. Sur le modèle réduit, deux techniques dédiées à l'estimation des entrées inconnues sont choisies pour résoudre le problème. En dimension infinie, l'estimation en-ligne adaptative est adoptée pour apporter des éléments de réponse aux contraintes et limitations dues à la réduction du modèle. Des résultats de simulations sur des données réelles et simulées sont présentées dans ce mémoire. / This work deals with the diffusion and source term estimation in a heat transport model for tokamaks plasma . This phenomenon is described by a second-order linear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) with distributed diffusion parameter and input. Both "Early lumping" and "Late lumping" approaches are considered in this thesis. First, once the heat model is chosen, the Galerkin formulation and the parameter projection method are combined to convert the PDE to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, two estimation methods able to give optimal estimates of the inputs are applied on the reduced model to identify simultaneously the source term and the diffusion coefficient. In the infinite dimensional method, the adaptive estimation technique is chosen in order to reconstruct "freely" the unknown parameters without the constraints due to the model reduction method. Simulation results on both simulated and real data are provided to attest the performance of the proposed methodologies.