Two analyses are performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment during 2011. Both consider decays of charged B mesons reconstructed in the π±μ+μ− final state. Decays involving dimuons provide an experimentally clean signature, even in the high-background environment of the √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The first analysis measures the CP asymmetry of B±→Ψπ± decays using 0.37 fb-1 of data, where the dimuon decays of two resonances are considered, J/ψ→μ+μ− and ψ(2S)→μ+μ−. The branching fraction is measured relative to the Cabibbo favoured B±→ΨK± mode. The second analysis uses 1 fb-1 of data to make the first observation of the non-resonant B±→π±μ+μ− decay. The branching fraction is measured relative to that of B±→K±μ+μ−, and measurements of the CP asymmetry and the ratio of CKM matrix elements Vtd/Vts are obtained. The branching fractions of the decays of interest are found to be B(B±→J/ψ π±) = (3.88 ± 0.11 ± 0.15) x 10-5, B(B±→ψ(2S) π±) = (2.52 ± 0.26 ± 0.15) x 10-5 and B(B±→π±μ+μ−) = (2.48 + 0.57 −0.52 ± 0.17) x 10-8, where the first uncertainty is related to the statistical size of the sample and the second quantifies systematic effects. The measured CP asymmetries in these modes are A CP (J/ψ π) = 0.005 ± 0.027 ± 0.011, A CP (ψ(2S) π) = 0.048 ± 0.090 ± 0.011 and A CP (μμπ) = -0.045 ± 0.220 ± 0.066, with no evidence of direct CP violation seen. The ratio of matrix elements is measured as Vtd/Vts = 0.274 + 0.031 − 0.028 ± 0.008, which is in agreement with previous results.

The angle γ, with an uncertainty of approximately 10° is the least well constrained angle of the unitary triangle. Better experimental constraints on this parameter are required in order to provide a consistency check on the standard model description of CP violation. A promising strategy for measuring γ involves exploiting interference effects present in B^± → DK^± decays where the D subsequently decays to a three or four body final state. The three body decay D → K_S ⁰p⁺p^- and the four body decay D⁰ → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- are suitable candidates for making such a measurement. However independent knowledge of the decay structure of these decays is required. The impact of the model, used to describe the p⁺p^- S wave, in the D⁰ → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- decay, on the uncertainty in the measurement of γ is estimated via a simulation study. It is determined that the uncertainty on a gamma measurement would be compromised by this model uncertainty within one year of LHCb data running. The four body decay D⁰ → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- also provides a candidate for making a γ measurement. This decay is expected to display a rich resonant structure. An understanding of this decay may also provide an insight into low energy QCD in addition to allowing a search for CP violation. Only one previous amplitude analysis has been performed on this decay. Using data collected at the CLEO-II.V, CLEO-III and CLEO-c experiments an amplitude model is developed for the D⁰ → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- decay. This model is qualitatively similar to that produced in the previous analysis although the model presented in this thesis considers higher orbital angular momentum states and distinguishes between conjugate states that the previous model did not. A search for CP violation is also carried out using the D⁰ → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- decay data. A positive confirmation of CP violation at the level of sensitivity provided by this decay data would provide evidence for a level of CP violation which could not be accounted for within the standard model. No significant evidence for CP violation is observed in this decay. A toy MC study was carried out in order to determine the sensitivity to γ which may be achieved using this decay. In this study, sets of 1000 B⁺ and B^- events are generated and the decay model developed for the D → K⁺K^-p⁺p^- decay is used to describe the D decay. The sensitivity to γ determined in this study is 11°.

This thesis reports an analysis of 3.0fb^-1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012. Decays of neutral B mesons to neutral D mesons and excited neutral kaons are reconstructed, because of their sensitivity to the CP-violating phase of the CKM matrix, γ.

This thesis documents two studies of the neutral charm meson system using the LHCb detector, and gives an overview of the numerous changes made to the LHCb software trigger in advance of Run 2 of the LHC. In the first analysis, amplitude models are applied to studies of the resonance structure in D⁰ → K⁰_SK^−π⁺ and D⁰ → K⁰_SK⁺π^− decays using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb^−1, collected during Run 1 of the LHC. Relative magnitude and phase information is determined, and coherence factors and related observables are computed for both the whole phase space and a restricted region of 100 MeV/c² around the K*(892)^± resonance. Two formulations for the Kπ S-wave are used, both of which give a good description of the data. The ratio of branching fractions B (D⁰→ K⁰_SK⁺π^−) /B (D⁰→ K⁰_SK^−π⁺) is measured to be 0.655 ± 0.004 (stat) ± 0.006 (syst) over the full phase space and 0.370 ± 0.003 (stat) ± 0.012 (syst) in the restricted region. A search for CP violation is performed using the amplitude models and no significant effect is found. Predictions from SU(3) flavour symmetry for K*(892)K amplitudes of different charges are compared with the amplitude model results, and marginal agreement is found. The second study estimates the sensitivity to D⁰–D⁰ mixing and indirect CP violation parameters that can be achieved using a model-independent technique and the samples of D⁰→ K⁰_SK⁺K^− decays recorded by LHCb in Run 1 and Run 2 of the LHC. These studies show that constraints on these parameters could be significantly improved by an analysis of the anticipated Run 2 dataset.

Semileptonic B decays of the type Bq⁰→Dq⁻μ⁺ν (where Dq⁻→K⁻K⁺pie⁻) are selected and their lifetimes are corrected using a statistical simulation-based correction called the k-factor. Using 1 fb⁻¹ of LHCb data the B⁰ and Bs⁰ mixing frequencies are measured to be Deltamd = ( 0.503 ± 0.011 (stat) ± 0.013 (syst) ) ps⁻¹ and Deltams = ( 17.93 ± 0.22 (stat) ± 0.15 (syst) ) ps⁻¹. We exclude the null hypothesis of no mixing for the B⁰ and Bs⁰ by 5.8 and 13.0 standard deviations respectively. This is the first observation of Bs Bsbar mixing using only semileptonic B decays. The lepton flavour violating decay D⁰→eμ is searched for, using tagged D⁰ decays from D*→D⁰pie, and the measurement is normalised using D⁰→K⁻pie⁺ decays. No evidence is seen of an excess over the expected background and so a limit is placed B(D⁰→eμ) < 1.3×10⁻⁸ at a 90% confidence level using 3 fb⁻¹ of LHCb data. This improves the previous measurement by a factor of 20 and is the world's best measurement. Possible upgrades to the LHCb VELO detector are simulated and aspects of the upgraded detector are optimised to ensure that all tracks within the angular acceptance can be detected with high precision. Finally the simulated performance of the current and upgraded VELO detectors are compared.

This thesis presents measurements of the branching fractions of the charmless baryonic decays B(s) → p anti-p h+ h'-, where h(') denotes a kaon or a pion. Three new modes (B → p anti-p pi+ pi-, Bs → p anti-p K+ K- and Bs → p anti-p K+(-) pi-(+)) are observed for the first time and evidence is found for a fourth (B → p anti-p K+ K-). The inclusive branching fraction of B → p anti-p K+(-) pi-(+) is measured for the first time and the upper limit is set on the branching fraction of the Bs → p anti-p pi+ pi- decay. This represents the first observation of four-body charmless baryonic decays of a Bs meson and one of the first observations of baryonic Bs decays. The implementation of the real-time alignment of LHCb's vertex detector is also described. The novel real-time alignment and calibration strategy adopted by LHCb is essential to allow more stable data taking conditions and an optimal 'offline-quality' reconstruction to be performed at the trigger level, ensuring more efficient trigger selections and the possibility to perform physics analyses directly on the trigger output.

This thesis presents two measurements made using data collected by the LHCb detector, operating at the Large Hadron Collider accelerator at the CERN particle physics laboratory. The first is a measurement of the production rates of promptly produced D0, D+, Ds+, and D*+ open charm mesons, using data collected in 2015 at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. The second is a search for direct CP violation in two three-body decays of the Lambda_c charm baryon, pKK and ppipi, using data collected in 2011 at √s = 7 TeV and in 2012 at √s = 8 TeV. For each measurement, motivation and context are given from the standpoint of improving the theoretical understanding of the Standard Model and searching for signs of physics that cannot be explained by it, and then the various statistical analysis techniques used to extract physical quantities from the data are explained. The systematic limitations of the method are explored and quantified, and then the results are presented.

Les désintégrations B->l l sont supprimées d'hélicité et se produisent à travers des courants neutres changeant la saveur. Elles sont donc extrêmement rares dans le modèle standard (MS). La physique au-delà du MS pourrait donc modifier substantiellement la valeur des rapports d'embranchement prédits par le MS. Ces prédictions étant très précises, mesurer leur valeurs constitue un test incontournable du MS.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont contribué à l'établissement de la première évidence de la désintégration Bs->mu mu avec LHCb. Une méthode statistique a ete développée pour extraire et combiner les limites sur les rapports d'embranchement et calculer la signifiance des signaux. A partir de ces acquis statistiques, une méthode originale a été conçue pour re-optimiser les catégories dans lesquelles les candidats sont classés améliorant ainsi la sensibilité de l'analyse de 14%. D'autre part, une étude sur la phénoménologie des interférences entre le mélange de saveur des mésons Bs et leur désintégration a mis en évidence une subtile dépendance de l'analyse avec le modèle physique considéré. La prise en compte de cette dépendance permet de contraindre plus fortement la nouvelle physique. Enfin une méthode de reconstruction topologique inclusive des évènements a été développée et testée, notamment pour reconstruire les candidats Bs->tau tau avec tau->pi pi pi nu. / The B->l l decays are helicity suppressed and process through flavour changing neutral currents. They are extremely rare in the standard model (SM). Thus physics beyond SM could modify their branching ratio up to an observable level. As the theoretical predictions are very precise, these modes are golden channels to probe the SM.The works presented in this thesis have contributed to the establishment of the first evidence of the Bs->mu mu decay. A statistical method has been built to extract and combine limits on the decays branching fraction and to compute signals significance. On the basis of this work, an original method was developed to re-optimised the categories used to classified the candidates which improved the analysis sensitivity by 14%. A study of the interplay between the flavour mixing of the Bs and its decay demonstrated that the analysis results are model dependent. Accounting for this dependency allows to improve constraints on new physics. Finally, an inclusive topological reconstruction was developed and tested in particular to reconstruct Bs->tau tau candidates with tau->pi pi pi nu.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’identification des désintégrations sans charme de mésons beaux neutres en trois corps dont un π0 (B0 d,s → h+h′−π0) en analysant l’échantillon de données de 1.0 fb−1 collecté en 2011 par l’expérience LHCb au LHC. Ces modes sont sensibles aux paramètres de la matrice CKM et permettent de tester certaines prédictions du Modèle Standard liées à la violation de CP. Plusieurs d’entre eux, tels que B0 s → K−π+π0 et B0 s → K+K−π0, n’ont pas été observés précédemment. Il s’agit de la première analyse avec des π0 énergétiques dans LHCb. Pour évaluer les performances du détecteur relatives au π0, des désintégrations D∗+ → D0(→ K−π+π0)π+ ont été sélectionnées. Un échantillon de pions neutres relativement pur et de grande statistique a ainsi pu être extrait. Il est utilisé pour étudier leur étalonnage en énergie ainsi que l’efficacité de l’outil de séparation π0/γ de l’expérience. Les désintégrations radiatives constituent en effet le bruit de fond le plus dangereux pour l’étude des modes B0 d,s → h+h′−π0. Pour sélectionner les événements B0 d,s → h+h′−π0, un algorithme dédié a été mis en place au niveau du système de déclenchement. Il complète les sélections en ligne standards et permet d’augmenter significativement l’efficacité. Sur les événements enregistrés, les bruits de fond évidents, issus principalement de désintégrations de mésons charmés, sont rejetés en appliquant des critères simples. L’échantillon est alors purifié davantage en utilisant une analyse multivariée. Enfin, les informations des détecteurs Cherenkov permettent de séparer les états finals π+π−π0, K±π∓π0 et K+K−π0. Un ajustement simultané des spectres de masse reconstruite du méson beau dans les trois sous-échantillons est utilisé pour extraire les nombres d’événements de signal. Il tient compte des différents bruits de fond restants ainsi que des migrations du signal d’un sous-échantillon à l’autre. Les contributions des modes B0 → π+π−π0, B0 → K+π−π0 et B0 s → K+K−π0 sont clairement établies. Il s’agit de la première observation du mode de désintégration B0 s → K+K−π0. / This thesis work is about the identification of charmless three-body decays of neutral B mesons with a π0 in the final state (B0d,s → h+h′−π0) through the analysis of a 1.0 fb−1 data sample collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. Those modes are sensitive to CKM parameters and allow to test Standard Model predictions related to CP violation. Some of them, such as B0 s → K−π+π0 and B0 s → K+K−π0, have not been observed previously. This is the first analysis with energetic π0 in LHCb. To evaluate the detector performance for π0, D∗+ → D0(→ K−π+π0)π+ decays have been selected. This provides a clean and high statistics sample of neutral pions used to study their energy calibration as well as the effectiveness of the π0/γ separation tool of the experiment. Radiative decays are indeed the most dangerous backgrounds for the study of B0 d,s → h+h′−π0 modes. To select B0 d,s → h+h′−π0 events, a dedicated trigger algorithm has been implemented. It complements the standard online selections and significantly improves the efficiency. Offline, obvious backgrounds, mainly from charm decays, are rejected applying simple criteria. The sample is then further purified using a multivariate classifier. At last, information from the ring imaging Cherenkov detectors allows to separate π+π−π0, K±π∓π0 and K+K−π0 final states. A simultaneous fit of the reconstructed B mass spectra in the three subsamples is used to extract the signal yields. It accounts for the different backgrounds remaining as well as for the signal crossfeeds from one subsample to the other. The B0 → π+π−π0, B0 → K+π−π0 and B0 s → K+K−π0 contributions are clearly established. This is the first observation of the B0 s → K+K−π0 decay mode.

Résumé indisponible. / Résumé indisponible.