Thesis (M. Sc.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Idaho, October 2006. / Major professor: Chien M. Wai. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online in PDF format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Idaho, May 2006. / Major professor: Chien M. Wai. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online in PDF format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006. / "December, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-111). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Είναι ευρέως γνωστό, πως ο εξοπλισμός Υψηλής Τάσης προϋποθέτει την αναγκαία ύπαρξη μόνωσης για την εύρυθμη λειτουργία του. Η μόνωση, εκτός από τον προφανή ρόλο της διατήρησης της διαφοράς δυναμικού μεταξύ των υπό υψηλή τάση αγώγιμων μερών, έχει και επιπρόσθετους σκοπούς ύπαρξης, όπως την μηχανική στήριξη του εξοπλισμού, την απαγωγή της θερμότητας, κ.α. Απόλυτα καθιερωμένη έχει γίνει η χρήση ορυκτών ελαίων ως μονωτικό υλικό στον εξοπλισμό Υψηλής Τάσης με πιο ενδεικτικό παράδειγμα, τη μόνωση των τυλιγμάτων των μετασχηματιστών ισχύος. Για πιο αποδοτικά μονωτικά αποτελέσματα στον μετασχηματιστή γίνεται συνδυαστική χρήση του λαδιού με λεπτά συνθετικά φύλλα στερεής φύσεως που καλύπτουν τα τυλίγματα. Όμως, από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1970 ξεκίνησε μια προσπάθεια αντικατάστασης των συμβατικών ορυκτέλαιων, με λάδια φυτικής προέλευσης και αυτή η προσπάθεια δικαιολογείται από μία σειρά ιδιοτήτων και πλεονεκτημάτων που παρουσιάζουν οι φυσικοί εστέρες. Τα πιο σημαντικά από αυτά είναι η μεγαλύτερη ασφάλεια έναντι πυρός, η βελτίωση της απόδοσης του μετασχηματιστή και κυρίως η φιλικότητα τόσο προς το περιβάλλον όσο και προς τον άνθρωπο. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι η διερεύνηση της συμπεριφοράς ενός συγκεκριμένου είδους φυτικό έλαιο που καταπονείται εντός διακένου, υπό γραμμικά αυξανόμενη AC τάση. Αναζητούμε, λοιπόν, την επίδραση του μονωτικού ελαίου στην τάση διάσπασης καθώς μεταβάλουμε τους διάφορους παράγοντες από τους οποίους εξαρτάται (παραδείγματος χάριν το μέγεθος διακένου, το ρυθμό της γραμμικής αύξησης της τάσης {kVrms/sec}, τη θερμοκρασία, το χρόνο χαλάρωσης του υγρού μεταξύ δύο διαδοχικές μετρήσεις, την επίδραση των φυσαλίδων στη μονωτική συμπεριφορά του ελαίου, κ.α. ). Για το σκοπό αυτό, προμηθευτήκαμε τον φυσικό εστέρα Envirotemp® FR3™ από την εταιρεία COOPER Power Systems, που εκτός της τάχιστης και ανέξοδης αποστολής του υγρού, μας παραχώρησε κάθε διαθέσιμη πληροφορία και την απαραίτητη τεχνογνωσία. Όπως γίνεται εύκολα αντιληπτό, η διπλωματική αυτή εργασία αποτελεί συνεισφορά στη διεθνή ερευνητική προσπάθεια που γίνεται πάνω στο αντικείμενο της συλλογής πληροφοριών και εξαγωγής συμπερασμάτων για την συμπεριφορά και τις ιδιότητες των ελαίων φυτικής προέλευσης. Για την διεξαγωγή της πειραματικής διαδικασίας χρησιμοποιήθηκε η συσκευή BAUR Oil Tester DTA 822-129-1, μέρος του ηλεκτρομηχανικού εξοπλισμού του εργαστηρίου Υψηλών Τάσεων. Η παραγωγή γραμμικά αυξανόμενης (με μεταβλητό ρυθμό) AC τάσης, η μέτρηση της τάσης διάσπασης καθώς και η επιλογή της κατάλληλης προδιαγραφής έγιναν από τη συσκευή αυτή, λαμβάνοντας κάθε φόρα τα αναγκαία μέτρα προστασίας τόσο για τον παρατηρητή, όσο και την συνολική εγκατάσταση του εργαστηρίου. Επίσης, χρειάστηκε η κατασκευή από μηχανουργείο ειδικών ανοξείδωτων λάμων διαφορετικού πάχους με στόχο τη ρύθμιση του μεγέθους του επιθυμητού διακένου μεταξύ των ηλεκτροδίων, ανοξείδωτο δοχείο για τη θέρμανση του λαδιού, ιατρικές σύριγγες για την άντλησή του, αποστειρωμένα δοχεία για την ασφαλή αποθήκευση του, υπό δοκιμή, ελαίου και τέλος μεγάλες ποσότητες γαντιών μιας χρήσεως (τύπου ΛΑΤΕΞ) και χαρτιού για την καθαριότητα τόσο του μηχανήματος όσο και του εργαστηρίου. Η εργασία αυτή χωρίζεται σε 2 μέρη: το απαιτούμενο θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο και την παρουσίαση και επεξεργασία των μετρήσεων. Έτσι, αρχικά, παρατίθεται μια θεωρητική ανάλυση, βασισμένη στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία, ώστε να αποσαφηνιστούν οι βασικοί μηχανισμοί που επηρεάζουν τις ηλεκτρικές ιδιότητες των ρευστών διηλεκτρικών. Σκοπός τούτου, η αποσαφήνιση των παραγόντων που χρήζουν ιδιαίτερης προσοχής, ώστε να εξασφαλιστούν τα πλέον αξιόπιστα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα, καθώς και η δημιουργία μιας πλατφόρμας θεωρητικών δεδομένων που θα βοηθήσουν στην εξαγωγή, εν τέλει, των απαραίτητων συμπερασμάτων. Το δεύτερο μέρος, αποτελείται από την παρουσίαση των πινάκων με τις μετρήσεις, τα απαραίτητα διαγράμματα και τέλος την αναλυτική διατύπωση των εξαγόμενων συμπερασμάτων. / It is widely known that the equipment of High Voltage presupposes the necessary existence of insulation for its proper operation. Apart from the obvious role of maintaining the potential difference between the under high voltage conductible parts, the insulation also has additional aims of existence, such as the mechanic support of equipment, the induction of heat, etc. The use of mining oil as insulating material in the equipment of High Voltage has been established, with more indicative example the insulation of windings in Power Transformers. For more efficient insulating results in the transformer, a combination of oil with thin solid and synthetic leaves that cover the windings is used. However, since the beginning of the seventies an attempt begun in order to replace the conventional mineral oils with oils of plant origin and the reason for this attempt is the amount of properties and advantages of natural esters. The most important of them are fireproofness, the improvement of transformer‟s efficiency and mostly the fact that they are environment as well as human friendly. This diploma thesis aims to the examination of the “behavior” of specific plant oil that is worn out within interspace under linearly increased AC voltage. So we search out the effect of the insulating oil on the voltage decomposition, as we alter the numerous factors on which it depends (the size of interspace, the rate of the voltage‟s linear increase {kVrms/sec}, the temperature, the liquid‟s relaxation time between two successional counts, the effect of bubbles on the oil‟s insulating behavior etc). In order to accomplice this purpose, we got the natural ester Envirotemp® FR3™ from the company COOPER Power Systems, which, apart from sending the liquid very fast and with no expenses, also provided us all the information available as well as the essential knowhow. As a result, it is perfectly clear that this diploma thesis is a contribution to the global searching effort on the subject of collecting information and reaching conclusions about the behavior and properties of oils of plant origin. In order to conduct this experimental process, we used the device BAUR Oil Tester DTA 822-129-1, which is part of the electromechanical equipment of the High Voltage laboratory. The production of linearly increasing (with variable rate) AC voltage, the count of the voltage decomposition as well as the selection of the proper specification were determined by this device, while taking every time the necessary precautions regarding the observer as well as the whole laboratory installation. Furthermore, several measures needed to be taken, such as the construction of specific rustproof razors of variable width, in order to adjust the size of the interspace wanted, as well as the supply of a rustproof container for the oil heating, medical syringes for its pump, antiseptic containers for safe storage of the oil under test and, finally, large quantity of disposable gloves (LATEX type) and paper for the cleaning of the device as well as the laboratory. This thesis consists of two parts: the necessary theoretical setting and the presentation and elaboration of counts. Initially, a theoretical analysis is presented, based on international bibliography, in order to clarify the basic processes that affect the electronic properties of the liquid dielectrics. The above aim at the clarification of the factors that require special attention in order to ensure the most reliable experiment results possible, as well as the creation of a platform of theoretical data that will finally help on the reach of the necessary conclusions. The second part consists of the presentation of the count tables, the necessary charts and finally the detailed enouncement of the conclusions reached.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fujita_h_me_bauru.pdf: 3757663 bytes, checksum: 66acc24c6f3d11d42e726d1b452899b3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O sucesso da cerâmica estrutural na maioria das aplicações depende não somente das propriedades do material e do projeto da peça, mas também da qualidade do produto usinado. Um dos fatores citados como obstáculo à ampla utilização das cerâmicas é a falta de confiabilidade dos componentes de cerâmica, em função da grande dispersão dos valores de resistência mecânica provocada por defeitos que podem ter origem no processo de retificação. A retificação de cerâmica, assim como na indústria de processamento metal-mecânica, é realizada normalmente com abundância de fluidos de corte. A utilização destes fluidos refrigerantes resulta em problemas ecológicos, fisiológicos e econômicos. Desde a última década, a opinião pública, o mercado, as leis e regulamentos têm pressionado as indústrias para considerar os riscos ambientais na manufatura. Com o propósito de avaliar alternativas ao método convencional de lubri-refrigeração, foi estudada a viabilidade da técnica de refrigeração otimizada, onde o fluido de corte é aplicado à mesma velocidade periférica do rebolo, penetrando na região de corte com menos turbulência. Também foi analisada a técnica da Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL), na qual o grande volume de fluido de corte é substituído por um jato de ar contendo uma quantidade ínfima de lubrificante. Os métodos foram comparados através da análise de desempenho durante o processo de retificação (forças de corte, emissão acústica, energia de retificação) e pela caracterização dos corpos de prova (rugosidade, danos subsuperficiais) e do rebolo (relação G). A profundidade de corte e o efeito do spark-out também formaram parte do escopo deste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a profundidade de corte exerce grande influência durante o processo... / The success of structural ceramics in most applications depends not only on the materials properties and component design, but also the quality of machined products. One factor usually mentioned as a barrier to the wide use of ceramics is the lack of reliability of ceramic components, because the variability on the mechanical strength caused by defects that can be impaired in the grinding process. The grinding of ceramics, as much as with steel grinding is performed generally with excess of cutting fluids (coolants). The use of coolants results in serious ecological, physiological and economic issues. Since last decade the public opinion, the market, the laws and regulations have pushed the industries to consider the environmental risks in the manufacturing process. Then, in order to evaluate alternatives to the conventional method of cooling and lubrication, it was studied the viability of the optimized technique, where the cutting fluid is applied to the same peripherical speed of the wheel, penetrating in the cutting zone with less turbulence. Also, it was verified the technique of Minimum Quantity of Fluid (MQF), where a large amount of cutting fluid is replaced by an air compressed flow containing a small quantity of lubricant. The methods were compared through performance analysis during the grinding process (cutting forces, acoustic emission and specific grinding energy) and by characterization of specimens (roughness, subsurface damage) and wheel (G ratio). The depth of cut and the effect of spark-out were part of the scope of this work too. The results obtained showed that the depth of cut has great influence during the process and in the characterization of ceramics, while spark-out does not seem to be so significant. Another conclusion is that MQF is not viable in ceramics grinding with the working conditions proposed. The results obtained... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Co-trimoxazole, a combination of a 5-to-l ratio of Sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and Trimethoprim (TMP) , is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Since its introduction in 1968, it has been extensively used in infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts. Co-trimoxazole was developed by the systematic investigation of a series of compounds whose mechanism of action was already known. As early as 1950 synergy between sulphonamides and 2,4-diaminopyrimidines was reported. This was to be expected as both groups of drugs exert their antibacterial activity by interfering with the same biochemical pathway in bacteria. TMP was chosen from among many 2,4-diaminopyrimidines tested because of its good antibacterial activity and low toxicity. SMZ was chosen from the sulphonamides available for combination with TMP because of similarity of their biological half-lives. The widespread use of the combination coupled with the fact that monitoring of the levels of all drugs in the body is becoming increasingly important has stimulated research into rapid and efficient methods for the analysis of TMP and SMZ in biological fluids. Another consequence of the immense popularity of the combination is the appearance on the market of several generic preparations of Co-trimoxazole. It is now generally recognized that drug products from different manufacturers which are chemically equivalent may not be therapeutically equivalent. This is due to the fact that the absorption rate and/or bioavailability (extent of absorption) of a poorly soluble drug may be markedly affected by its release rate from the product and by its subsequent dissolution rate in gastrointestinal fluids. Hence bioequivalence of these various products should be established

Orientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi / Banca: Jaime Gilberto Duduch / Banca: Luiz Eduardo de Angelo Sanchez / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: O sucesso da cerâmica estrutural na maioria das aplicações depende não somente das propriedades do material e do projeto da peça, mas também da qualidade do produto usinado. Um dos fatores citados como obstáculo à ampla utilização das cerâmicas é a falta de confiabilidade dos componentes de cerâmica, em função da grande dispersão dos valores de resistência mecânica provocada por defeitos que podem ter origem no processo de retificação. A retificação de cerâmica, assim como na indústria de processamento metal-mecânica, é realizada normalmente com abundância de fluidos de corte. A utilização destes fluidos refrigerantes resulta em problemas ecológicos, fisiológicos e econômicos. Desde a última década, a opinião pública, o mercado, as leis e regulamentos têm pressionado as indústrias para considerar os riscos ambientais na manufatura. Com o propósito de avaliar alternativas ao método convencional de lubri-refrigeração, foi estudada a viabilidade da técnica de refrigeração otimizada, onde o fluido de corte é aplicado à mesma velocidade periférica do rebolo, penetrando na região de corte com menos turbulência. Também foi analisada a técnica da Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL), na qual o grande volume de fluido de corte é substituído por um jato de ar contendo uma quantidade ínfima de lubrificante. Os métodos foram comparados através da análise de desempenho durante o processo de retificação (forças de corte, emissão acústica, energia de retificação) e pela caracterização dos corpos de prova (rugosidade, danos subsuperficiais) e do rebolo (relação G). A profundidade de corte e o efeito do "spark-out" também formaram parte do escopo deste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a profundidade de corte exerce grande influência durante o processo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The success of structural ceramics in most applications depends not only on the materials properties and component design, but also the quality of machined products. One factor usually mentioned as a barrier to the wide use of ceramics is the lack of reliability of ceramic components, because the variability on the mechanical strength caused by defects that can be impaired in the grinding process. The grinding of ceramics, as much as with steel grinding is performed generally with excess of cutting fluids (coolants). The use of coolants results in serious ecological, physiological and economic issues. Since last decade the public opinion, the market, the laws and regulations have pushed the industries to consider the environmental risks in the manufacturing process. Then, in order to evaluate alternatives to the conventional method of cooling and lubrication, it was studied the viability of the optimized technique, where the cutting fluid is applied to the same peripherical speed of the wheel, penetrating in the cutting zone with less turbulence. Also, it was verified the technique of Minimum Quantity of Fluid (MQF), where a large amount of cutting fluid is replaced by an air compressed flow containing a small quantity of lubricant. The methods were compared through performance analysis during the grinding process (cutting forces, acoustic emission and specific grinding energy) and by characterization of specimens (roughness, subsurface damage) and wheel (G ratio). The depth of cut and the effect of "spark-out" were part of the scope of this work too. The results obtained showed that the depth of cut has great influence during the process and in the characterization of ceramics, while "spark-out" does not seem to be so significant. Another conclusion is that MQF is not viable in ceramics grinding with the working conditions proposed. The results obtained... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

In this scientific work, we use two effective methods : Lie groups theory and the finite element method, to explain why the transition from laminar flow to turbulence flow depends on the variation of the Reynolds number. We restrict ourselves to the case of incompressible viscous Newtonian fluid flows. Their governing equations, i.e. the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are established and investigated. Their solutions are expressed explicitly thanks to Lie's theory. The stability theory, which leads to an eigenvalue problem is used together with the finite element method, showing a way to compute the critical Reynolds number, for which the transition to turbulence occurs. The stationary flow is also studied and a finite element method, the Newton method, is used to prove the stability of its convergence, which is guaranteed for small variations of the Reynolds number. / Mathematical Sciences / M.Sc. (Applied Mathematics)