Pour améliorer les paramètres pharmacologiques d’un photosensibilisateur de seconde génération, la méta-tétra(hydroxyphényl)chlorine (mTHPC), plusieurs formules liposomales commerciales ont été élaborées, parmi elles le Foslip, qui correspond à la mTHPC dans des liposomes conventionnels. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les caractéristiques photophysiques et photobiologiques du Foslip. L’exposition des suspensions de Foslip à de petites doses de lumière (10 mJ) a conduit à une baisse significative de la fluorescence, qui a cependant été restaurée après destruction des liposomes. Nous attribuons cette caractéristique au quenching de fluorescence photoinduite. Cet effet a été mis en évidence uniquement pour les concentrations locales élevées de mTHPC dans des bicouches lipidiques. Les résultats ont été interprétés en supposant une migration d’énergie entre les molécules rapprochées de mTHPC avec sa dissipation consécutive par les molécules du photoproduit se comportant comme des pièges d’énergie. Le quenching de fluorescence photoinduite ainsi que les techniques de polarisation et de chromatographie liquide ont été appliquées successivement pour estimer le taux de redistribution des molécules de mTHPC des liposomes vers les protéines du plasma et les membranes lipidiques. Les processus de redistribution de la mTHPC après injection intratumorale de mTHPC dans un modèle de récidive de cancer du sein sont en corrélation avec les résultats obtenus dans une étude in vitro de la redistribution du Foslip dans les liposomes DPPC. Il a été démontré que le phénomène de quenching de fluorescence photoinduite doit être pris en compte lors de l’utilisation de techniques optiques pour l’étude des applications in vivo et in vitro des formulations liposomales de mTHPC. / To improve the pharmacological parameters of a second-generation photosensitizer meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) several commercial liposomal formulations were designed, among them Foslip, which corresponds to mTHPC in conventional liposomes. The objective of this work was to study photophysical and photobiological characteristics of Foslip. Exposure of Foslip suspensions to small light doses (10 mJ) resulted in a substantial drop in fluorescence, which however, was restored after destruction of liposomes. We attributed this behavior to photoinduced fluorescence quenching. This effect was revealed only for high local mTHPC concentrations in lipid bilayer. The results were interpreted supposing energy migration between closely located mTHPC molecules with its subsequent dissipation by the molecules of photoproduct acting as excitation energy traps. Photoinduced fluorescence quenching together with polarization techniques and liquid chromatography was successfully applied for estimation of the redistribution rate of mTHPC molecules from the liposomes to plasma proteins and lipid membranes. Foslip liposomes were shown to be stable in human blood serum for at least 3 hours. Such increased stability was attributed to incorporation of hydrophobic photosensitiser into lipid bilayer. The processes of mTHPC redistribution after Foslip intratumoral injection in a model of breast cancer recurrence were found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from in vitro study of mTHPC redistribution from Foslip to pure DPPC liposomes. It was demonstrated that photoinduced fluorescence quenching phenomena should be taken into account while using optical techniques for studying in vivo and in vitro applications of liposomal mTHPC formulations.

Graduation date: 1994

DNA-modified surfaces have been widely studied for microarray and biosensor applications, in particular sequence-specific detection of DNA, for which electrochemical and optical signs can be produced. Variations in the organization and surface density of adsorbed DNA are known to affect the sensitivity and reliability of assays performed using such surfaces, however most measurements of such surfaces to date have little to no spatial resolution, limiting the information that can be gathered regarding the heterogeneity of the organization of adsorbed DNA molecules. We have applied in situ epi-fluorescence microscopic imaging in conjunction with electrochemical measurements to fluorescently labelled thiolate DNA, adsorbed on polycrystalline gold electrodes with a mercaptohexanol (MCH) passive layer. Spatially resolved information on the organization of adsorbed DNA on the surface is gathered within an area measuring 520by 730micrometres with a 0.96 micrometre resolution. The technique has enabled us to investigate "hotspots" (regions of anomalously bright fluorescence) and regional variation in fluorescence; since molecular fluorescence is quenched as a function of distance from the metal substrate, potential modulation with consequent DNA reorientation or layer specificity of the adsorption. Furthermore, an alternative means to the conventional preparation of thiolate-DNA / MCH monolayers has been developed. In this new method, a gold substrate passivated with MCH is subsequently immersed in an aqueous solution of 5'hexylthiol modified DNA. Through a ligand exchange process, DNA is immobilized forming a mixed MCH / DNA monolayer. Samples prepared via the new method display fewer hotspots and improved fluorescence switching of the DNA during electromodulation for samples made with single stranded (ss) DNA and with double stranded (ds) DNA. Measurement of the DNA surface concentration using ruthenium (III) hexaammine chloride with cyclic voltammetry for self assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared via the new method are on the order of 1% of the maximum grafting density obtainable for both ssDNA and dsDNA by conventional methods.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 45 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 22, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Akademisk avhandling--analytical and marine chemistry--Göteborg university, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 48-54.

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Washington State University. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

DNA-modified surfaces have been widely studied for microarray and biosensor applications, in particular sequence-specific detection of DNA, for which electrochemical and optical signs can be produced. Variations in the organization and surface density of adsorbed DNA are known to affect the sensitivity and reliability of assays performed using such surfaces, however most measurements of such surfaces to date have little to no spatial resolution, limiting the information that can be gathered regarding the heterogeneity of the organization of adsorbed DNA molecules. We have applied in situ epi-fluorescence microscopic imaging in conjunction with electrochemical measurements to fluorescently labelled thiolate DNA, adsorbed on polycrystalline gold electrodes with a mercaptohexanol (MCH) passive layer. Spatially resolved information on the organization of adsorbed DNA on the surface is gathered within an area measuring 520by 730micrometres with a 0.96 micrometre resolution. The technique has enabled us to investigate "hotspots" (regions of anomalously bright fluorescence) and regional variation in fluorescence; since molecular fluorescence is quenched as a function of distance from the metal substrate, potential modulation with consequent DNA reorientation or layer specificity of the adsorption. Furthermore, an alternative means to the conventional preparation of thiolate-DNA / MCH monolayers has been developed. In this new method, a gold substrate passivated with MCH is subsequently immersed in an aqueous solution of 5'hexylthiol modified DNA. Through a ligand exchange process, DNA is immobilized forming a mixed MCH / DNA monolayer. Samples prepared via the new method display fewer hotspots and improved fluorescence switching of the DNA during electromodulation for samples made with single stranded (ss) DNA and with double stranded (ds) DNA. Measurement of the DNA surface concentration using ruthenium (III) hexaammine chloride with cyclic voltammetry for self assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared via the new method are on the order of 1% of the maximum grafting density obtainable for both ssDNA and dsDNA by conventional methods.

In several field studies it was concluded that highly transmissive features transmit the majority of solute mass in horizontally-fractured bedrock aquifers. The purpose of this investigation is to develop a new technique for determining the location and relative role of hydraulically connected fracture features with respect to solute transport. To explore this, a radial-divergent tracer experiment was conducted in a four-borehole array completed through a horizontally-fractured dolomite of Silurian age in Smithville, Ontario, Canada. The injection interval included several hydraulically-identified features located in the Upper Eramosa member of the Lockport formation. 496 L of Lissamine FF (a conservative fluorescent dye tracer at a concentration of 200 mg/L) was injected at a rate of 23.25 L/min +/- 1 %. The arrival of fluorescent tracer was detected in a series of open monitoring wells located in a down gradient direction using a submersible fluorometer equipped with a pressure transducer. Correlating the fluorescence signals at depth with hydraulically-identified features provided an in-situ measure that identified the vertical intersection and relative role of each feature with respect to mass transport. FRAC3DVS a discrete fracture finite element model was used to simulate the tracer experiment. Based on the results of the tracer experiment and numerical simulations, it is concluded that the highly transmissive features identified using hydraulic techniques do not always carry all of the mass in transport. The majority of mass transport, however, followed at least one of the largest features in every borehole, just not every large feature. Results of this experiment suggest it is imperative that a distinction between large fracture features that transmit and do not transmit mass be made. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-07-14 21:22:05.427