Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / El siguiente trabajo describe los resultados de una investigación que determinó prevalencia y severidad de caries dental y fluorosis en niños y niñas de 8 años, que residen desde su nacimiento en las comunas de Independencia ( suplementada artificialmente con fluoruros en sus aguas de consumo ) y de Maipú ( carente de Flúor en sus aguas ) . Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 100 niños de 8 años, 50 niños de la comuna de Independencia y 50 de la comuna de Maipú. Para establecer el porcentaje de niños libre de caries se utilizó la metodología descrita por la OMS; para determinar la severidad se utilizaron los índices c.e.o.d. y C.O.P.D. y para diagnosticar prevalencia y severidad de fluorosis se utilizó el Índice de Dean. El estudio reveló que el porcentaje de niños libre de caries alcanzaba el 38% en la comuna de Independencia y el 10% en la de Maipú, sin diferencias significativas entre los géneros. Para la severidad de caries, el índice c.e.o.d. en la comuna de Independencia fue de 2,14 desglosado en: 0,54 cariadas; 0,04 con indicación de extracción y 1,58 obturadas. Para la comuna de Maipú fue de 3,82 desglosado en: 1,56 cariadas; 0,46 con indicación de extracción y 1,84 obturadas. . El índice C.O.P.D. para Independencia fue de 0,92 desglosado en: 0,26 cariadas; 0,66 obturadas y 0 perdidas. Para Maipú el valor fue de 1,48 desglosado en: 1,02 cariadas; 0,36 obturadas y 0,1 perdidas. En ambos índices, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. La prevalencia de fluorosis en la comuna de Independencia fue de un 48,8%. Los casos descritos correspondieron a las categorías Muy Leve y Leve, principalmente. En la comuna de Maipú, la prevalencia de fluorosis fue de 16%. La mayoría de los casos correspondieron a la categoría Muy Leve. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre géneros para fluorosis. Se concluye que el aporte de flúor en el agua potable produce en los niños de 8 años una disminución en la prevalencia y severidad de la caries dental, así como un aumento en la prevalencia y severidad de la fluorosis.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1995.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_tf_me_araca.pdf: 715889 bytes, checksum: f9c4cf0b3fff1513c875f5ce77fdf964 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público tem ocasionado significante redução na prevalência da cárie em diferentes populações, entretanto, a exposição ao flúor pelo uso de diferentes métodos tem trazido preocupações quanto ao aumento na prevalência de fluorose dentária. Por isso, estudos sobre os fatores de risco associados à fluorose são necessários, além do acompanhamento contínuo e efetivo da exposição ao flúor, por diferentes meios, incluindo mais recentemente os marcadores biológicos para esse íon, como a unha, que também reflete o nível de exposição crônica, desde que um indivíduo tenha uma ingestão de flúor relativamente constante. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o teor de fluoreto das águas de abastecimento público em diferentes áreas de um município, uma abastecida por poços profundos e outra pela estação de tratamento de água (ETA), e verificar se os teores de fluoretos encontrados refletem diferenças nas concentrações de flúor observadas nas unhas das crianças de 12 anos e na prevalência de fluorose dentária. Para isso, foram selecionados 43 pontos para coleta de amostras de água, abrangendo as 17 fontes de abastecimento existente no município. A população de estudo foi constituída por 60 crianças, de 12 anos de idade, nascidas e moradoras permanentes nas duas áreas de estudo, seguindo os critérios de inclusão, sendo uma com excesso e outra sem excesso de flúor nas águas de abastecimento público. As amostras de água, coletadas mensalmente nos pontos previamente estabelecidos, foram analisadas em duplicata no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2009, utilizando-se um analisador de íons acoplado a um eletrodo específico para flúor. Coletas e análise do flúor nas unhas das crianças foram realizadas, utilizando-se a técnica da microdifusão facilitada por HMDS. Para verificação da fluorose... / The fluoridation of public water supply has caused a significant reduction in the prevalence of caries in different populations, however, exposure to fluoride by using different methods has brought concerns about the increasing prevalence of dental fluorosis. Therefore, studies on the risk factors associated with fluorosis are needed, besides the efficient and continuous monitoring of fluoride exposure by various means, including most recently the biological markers for this ion, such as fingernail, that also reflects the level of chronic exposure, as long as an individual has a relatively constant intake of fluoride. The objective was to analyze the fluoride content of public water supply in different areas of a district, one served by deep wells and one by the water treatment station (WTS), and check if the levels of fluoride found reflect differences in the concentrations of fluoride observed in nails of 12 years old children and the prevalence of dental fluorosis. For this, 43 points were selected to collect water samples, covering the 17 existing sources of supply in the municipality. The study population consisted of 60 children, 12 years old, born and permanent residents in both areas of study, following the inclusion criteria, one with and one without too much fluoride excess in public water supply. Water samples collected monthly in points previously established, were analyzed in duplicate in the period from January to December of 2009, using an ion analyzer coupled to a specific electrode for fluoride. Sampling and analysis of fluoride in children nails were done, using the technique of facilitated microdiffusion HMDS. For verification of dental fluorosis we used the modified DEAN index .Of the total samples studied (n=512), 44% (n=224) had adequate levels and 56% (n =288) inadequate levels, and 10% (n=49) lower levels and 46% (n=239) higher... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_lb_me_araca.pdf: 886504 bytes, checksum: 476ffe9eb429269917b185c05dc70066 (MD5) / No Brasil, atualmente a fluorose dentária existente é classificada como leve e muito leve, porém com o uso do flúor nas suas diversas formas, há uma preocupação de que haja um aumento na prevalência da fluorose dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência da fluorose dentária em crianças de 12 anos de idade e sua autopercepção. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico com todas as crianças de 12 anos de idade das escolas públicas do município. Para análise da prevalência da fluorose dentária foi realizado exame clínico bucal, utilizando-se o Índice de Dean Modificado e, através de um questionário estruturado, foi possível avaliar a percepção da fluorose e sua influência na qualidade de vida destas crianças. Participaram do estudo 496 crianças do município de Birigüi-SP, sudeste do Brasil, os quais foram examinados por dois cirurgiões-dentistas devidamente calibrados, após obtenção de kappa>0,80. O teste estatístico utilizado foi o Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Foram examinadas 259 (52,2%) crianças do sexo feminino e 237 (47,8%) do sexo masculino. Do total, 320 crianças apresentaram algum sinal clínico de fluorose, sendo 220 (44,4%) com fluorose muito leve, 59 (11,9%) leve, 12 (2,4%) moderada, 1 (0,2%) severa e 28 (5,6%) apresentaram fluorose questionável, enquanto 176 (35,5%) não apresentaram fluorose. Das 292 crianças que apresentaram algum sinal clínico de fluorose, 117 (40,0%) observaram a presença de manchas em seus dentes e 175 (60,0%) não as perceberam, não havendo diferença significante quando se relacionou percepção da fluorose e gênero. Os resultados mostraram que apesar de a prevalência de fluorose ter sido alta, o grau predominante foi muito leve, não influenciando na percepção e qualidade de vida da população estudada. / In Brazil as a whole, dental fluorosis is classified as light or very light, but with the use of fluoride in its various forms there is a concern that there is an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 12 and its dental fluorosis self-perception. This study is observational, cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 496 children from the city of Birigüi, São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, took part in study. The children were examined by two calibrated dentists, after a kappa>0,80. To assess the prevalence of fluorosis, clinical examinations were performed according to the methodology set forth by the 4 th edition of the WHO. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate dental fluorosis selfperception. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-squared test with a 5% significance level. Of the total number of children examined, 259 (52.2%) were of the female gender and 237 (47.8%) were of the male gender. Of the total, 320 children presented some degree of fluorosis, 220 (44.4%) with very light fluorosis (Grade 2), 59 (11.9%) light, (Grade 3), 12 (2.4%) moderate (grade 4), 1 (0.2%) severe (grade 5), 28 (5.6%) showed questionable fluorosis (Grade 1) and 176 (35.5%) showed no fluorosis (grade 0). Of the 292 children who presented some degree of fluorosis, 117 (40.0%) reported the presence of stains on their teeth and 175 (60.0%) not to realized, with no significant difference when related perception of fluorosis and gender. The results showed that although the prevalence of fluorosis has been high, the level prevailing was very light, not influencing the perception and quality of life of the population.

Orientador: Nemre Adas Saliba / Banca: Renato Moreira Arcieri / Banca: José Roberto de Magalhães Bastos / Resumo: No Brasil, atualmente a fluorose dentária existente é classificada como leve e muito leve, porém com o uso do flúor nas suas diversas formas, há uma preocupação de que haja um aumento na prevalência da fluorose dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência da fluorose dentária em crianças de 12 anos de idade e sua autopercepção. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico com todas as crianças de 12 anos de idade das escolas públicas do município. Para análise da prevalência da fluorose dentária foi realizado exame clínico bucal, utilizando-se o Índice de Dean Modificado e, através de um questionário estruturado, foi possível avaliar a percepção da fluorose e sua influência na qualidade de vida destas crianças. Participaram do estudo 496 crianças do município de Birigüi-SP, sudeste do Brasil, os quais foram examinados por dois cirurgiões-dentistas devidamente calibrados, após obtenção de kappa>0,80. O teste estatístico utilizado foi o Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Foram examinadas 259 (52,2%) crianças do sexo feminino e 237 (47,8%) do sexo masculino. Do total, 320 crianças apresentaram algum sinal clínico de fluorose, sendo 220 (44,4%) com fluorose muito leve, 59 (11,9%) leve, 12 (2,4%) moderada, 1 (0,2%) severa e 28 (5,6%) apresentaram fluorose questionável, enquanto 176 (35,5%) não apresentaram fluorose. Das 292 crianças que apresentaram algum sinal clínico de fluorose, 117 (40,0%) observaram a presença de manchas em seus dentes e 175 (60,0%) não as perceberam, não havendo diferença significante quando se relacionou percepção da fluorose e gênero. Os resultados mostraram que apesar de a prevalência de fluorose ter sido alta, o grau predominante foi muito leve, não influenciando na percepção e qualidade de vida da população estudada. / Abstract: In Brazil as a whole, dental fluorosis is classified as light or very light, but with the use of fluoride in its various forms there is a concern that there is an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 12 and its dental fluorosis self-perception. This study is observational, cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 496 children from the city of Birigüi, São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, took part in study. The children were examined by two calibrated dentists, after a kappa>0,80. To assess the prevalence of fluorosis, clinical examinations were performed according to the methodology set forth by the 4 th edition of the WHO. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate dental fluorosis selfperception. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-squared test with a 5% significance level. Of the total number of children examined, 259 (52.2%) were of the female gender and 237 (47.8%) were of the male gender. Of the total, 320 children presented some degree of fluorosis, 220 (44.4%) with very light fluorosis (Grade 2), 59 (11.9%) light, (Grade 3), 12 (2.4%) moderate (grade 4), 1 (0.2%) severe (grade 5), 28 (5.6%) showed questionable fluorosis (Grade 1) and 176 (35.5%) showed no fluorosis (grade 0). Of the 292 children who presented some degree of fluorosis, 117 (40.0%) reported the presence of stains on their teeth and 175 (60.0%) not to realized, with no significant difference when related perception of fluorosis and gender. The results showed that although the prevalence of fluorosis has been high, the level prevailing was very light, not influencing the perception and quality of life of the population. / Mestre

Orientadores: Jaime Aparecido Cury, Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Catani_DaniloBonadia_M.pdf: 554114 bytes, checksum: 2f2e38479e437aac4f9185d38e290266 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo geral deste estudo, composto por dois trabalhos, foi analisar as possíveis relações entre a exposição a níveis diferenciados de íon flúor na água de abastecimento público e a presença de fluorose dentária na dentição permanente, e analisar os possíveis fatores associados. No primeiro trabalho foi analisada a concentração de fluoreto em amostras de água enviadas de 07 cidades do estado de São Paulo, além de um município no Estado de Minas Gerais e outro no Ceará. As coletas das amostras de água foram realizadas no período de 1996 a 2002, sendo as mesmas avaliadas utilizando-se um analisador de íons (Orion 96-09 e analisador de íons EA-940 previamente calibrados com padrões contidos de 0,125 a 1,0 mg F/ml , com 1,0 ml de Tisab II, ou seja, Tisab II a 50%) acoplado a um eletrodo de flúor previamente calibrado. Num total de 2667 amostras no período analisado, observou-se que mais que 59,2% das amostras encontraram-se dentro dos padrões considerados ótimos (0,6?0,8 ppm F), sendo 6,3% das amostras com valores menores que 0,4 ppm F, 18,1% entre 0,4 a 0,6 ppm F,13,3% entre 0,8 a 1,0 ppm F e 3,1% com valores maiores que 1 ppm F. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que a maioria das amostras coletadas estavam no considerado nível ótimo (0,6?0,8 ppm F), contudo verifica-se que há dados e regiões que estão fora do padrão considerado ideal, sendo importante a manutenção do heterocontrole. O objetivo do segundo trabalho foi verificar a prevalência da fluorose dentária em escolares de 7 anos de idade residentes em dois municípios que se diferenciam quanto aos níveis ótimos de flúor na água de abastecimento público, e investigar possíveis fatores associados. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 386 crianças de 7 anos de idade, nascidas no ano de 1997, matriculadas em escolas públicas e instituições privadas de ensino em municípios que realizaram heterocontrole de flúor na água de 1998 a 2002. A fluorose dental foi avaliada por meio do índice de Dean. Foram examinados os incisivos superiores permanentes, previamente secos e sob iluminação artificial com equipamento odontológico portátil. Considerou-se como presença de fluorose as formas: questionável, muito leve, leve, moderada e severa. Variáveis sócio-demográficas e questões sobre saúde bucal foram avaliadas com um questionário estruturado enviado aos pais/responsáveis. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de fluorose no município com níveis oscilantes de íon flúor foi de 31,40% e no município com níveis homogêneos de fluoretos 79,91%. Entretanto, em ambos os municípios, prevaleceu o grau "muito leve" de fluorose, portanto sem comprometimento estético. A prevalência de fluorose foi associada com o município com teores de flúor constante na água e com um único indicador sócio-econômico / Abstract: The general objective of this paper, based over two works, was to analyze possible relationships among different levels of fluoride ions in the public water supply and the presence of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth. Associated factors are also to be analyzed. At the first stage of the process, fluoride concentration present in water samples sent from 7 cities of São Paulo State, one city of Minas Gerais State and another from Ceará State were to be analyzed. All the water sample collections took place during the period of 1996 and 2002 and an ion analyzer was used in the process of evaluation (Orion 96-09 and a ion analyzer EA-940 previously gauged with patterns of 0.125 to 1.0 mg F/ml, with 1.0 ml of Tisab II, so, Tisab II at 50%) coupling to a fluoride electrode previously gauged as well. Over a total of 2667 samples collected in the mentioned period it was noted that more than 59.2% of them were found to contain patterns considered great (0.6-0.8 ppm F ), 6.3% of them with lower values than 0.4 ppm F; 18.1% of them between 0.4 to 0.6 ppm F; 13.3 % between 0.8 and 1.0 ppm and 3.1% with values larger than 1 ppm F. In view of the aforementioned results it is possible to concluded that the majority of collected samples were in the level range considered optimal (0.6-0.8 ppm F). However, it was possible to also verify that some of the results and regions are out of the considered ideal pattern implying that hetero-controlling maintenance is important. The objective of the second work was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of dental fluorosis in school children aged 7 years living in two cities of São Paulo State, Brazil, with fluoridation of water supplies, with emphasis in the effects of external control of the fluoride levels. The study population comprised 386 children, all born in 1997 and enrolled in public and private schools from 2 municipalities had fluoride external control of the fluoride levels from 1998 to 2002. The upper permanent maxillary incisors were examined under artificial light and the aid of an air syringe. The Deanâ?¿s Index was utilized to identify dental fluorosis. In this study dental fluorosis were considered such as: questionable; very mild; mild; moderate and severe. Socio-demographics and dental history were assessed with a structured questionnaire answered by childrenâ?¿s parents. Correlates of fluorosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05).The result showed that the prevalence of fluorosis in the municipality that had more variation in the levels of fluoride was 31.40% and in the municipality that had less variation in the levels of fluoride 79.91%. However, in both municipalities the â?¿very mildâ?? level of fluorosis was the most common finding. Fluorosis were associated to the city with homogeneous levels of fluoride / Mestrado / Mestre em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Introduction: Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of enamel that results from ingestion of high amounts of fluoride during tooth mineralization. Drinking water remains the main source of fluoride. Other sources of fluoride include infant formula, vegetables; canned fish as well as early, improper utilization of fluoridated toothpastes in children. Knowledge of risk factors in the causation of dental fluorosis may improve strategies to prevent dental fluorosis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 12-15 years old in Athi River sub-county, Machakos County, Kenya and assesses the level of knowledge on risk factors for dental fluorosis among their parents. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with an analytic component. A total of 281 children aged 12-15 years attending public primary schools within Athi River sub-county, Machakos County were included. A self-administered questionnaire was send to parents for socio-demographic characteristics and oral health practices. Children whose parents consented were examined and dental fluorosis scored according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index. Fourty randomly selected children were requested to bring water samples from their homes. Retail stores located in the area were visited for purchase of six different brands of bottled water. These samples were sent to a certified laboratory for fluoride analysis and reported in milligrams of fluoride per litre. Data analysis: Data was entered into SPSS version 20 and analysed for means, ANOVA of means and chi-square test of significance for categorical variables. All tests for significance were set at 95% confidence level (α≤0.05). Results: A total of 314 self-administered questionnaires were send to parents together with consent forms for their children‟s participation in the study. Two hundred and eighty six responded positively, giving a response rate of 91%. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 12-15 years was 93.4% with only 6.6% (n=19) recording a TFI score of 0. About one quarter 70(24.4%) of children had severe fluorosis with TFI scores of ≥5. The mean TFI score for all children was 3.09 (SD=2.0), with males recording a mean TF score of 3.01 (SD=2.11) and females a mean TF score of 3.16 (SD=1.88). Out of 44 water samples analysed, 29 (65.9%) had a fluoride content of less than 0.6mg/l, 5 (11.4%) had fluoride content of 0.7 - 1.5mg/l while 10 (22.7%) of samples had a fluoride content ≥1.5mg/l. The highest fluoride content recorded was 9.3mg/l, with another sample reflecting 8.9mgF/l. Three of the bottled water samples had a fluoride content of less than 0.6mg/l, while the other half of the bottled water reported 0.7 - 0.8mg/l fluoride. A majority (87.8%) of parents indicated that they had noticed children with brown staining of their permanent teeth in their community. About 80% of parents thought dental fluorosis was caused by salty water, while only 12.9% correctly identified water with high fluoride content as being responsible for the discolored teeth. Conclusion: Although about one in five water sources sampled had fluoride content of ≥1.5mg/l, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in this community was very high. Parental knowledge on the risk factors for dental fluorosis was low. Further research is necessary to identify the water distribution networks to provide sound evidence for engaging with the county authorities on provision of safe drinking water to the community.