<p> Measurements were taken on 1511 flutes from various localities in Eastern North America. Over 85% of the flutes recorded are from the Cloridorme Formation (Ordovician) of North-Eastern Quebec. Flutes occur in a variety of shapes, on A, B and C beds of the Bouma sequence, but no one shape is confined to any one bed type. However, A beds do tend to have a larger proportion of wide flutes on their soles than B or C beds. Whilst flutes on B and C beds are often found associated with brushes, grooves and signs of organic activity, those on A beds are rarely found associated with any other sole marks. </p> <p> Several parameters of width, length and depth have been measured, but the maximum length of the flute was shown to be an inconsistently measurable parameter. by means of an operator error experiment. The maximum -depth of the flute is found to be independent both of the bed type on which it occurs and also the maximum grain size of that bed. No relationship is found between the total bed thickness and the maximum grain size of the bed. </p> <p> As flutes become broader, the point of maximum depth is found to migrate downstream so that wider flutes have their point of maximum depth quite far back from the nose. </p> <p> Factor analysis shows that two factors control the overall morphology of the flutes: firstly the shape of the nose portion, in planview termed the 'nose angle': and secondly, the ratio of the maximum depth and the distance of this point from the nose. </p> <p> Calculations based on previous experimental work, but using field measurements, suggest that velocities in the order of 7 metres/sec and 4 metres/sec are required for the continuance of flutes on B and C beds respectively. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Thesis (M.M.)--Boston University

The small recorders, the flageolet, the fife, and the piccolo are octave flutes, sounding at four-foot pitch. The bulk of the literature relating to the recorder in the late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England focuses on the alto (treble), for this was the most commonly used member of the family, but octave recorders have never been the subject of detailed scrutiny. There is no comprehensive study of the flageolet or of the fife in England during this period, and virtually nothing has been written on the early use of the piccolo. The thesis examines the organology of the four instruments, with most attention being given to the recorder, the dominant octave flute of the era; the changes in the instrument from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century are described, and related to changes in assigned music. The reasons for the displacement of the flageolet by the recorder in the late seventeenth century and the recorder's substantial displacement by the German flute in the eighteenth are explored. Duct flutes have long been the particular province of amateur musicians, who often studied from a self-instructor, and examples of these tutors are examined, together with a representative repertoire. Particular note is made of the English 'small flute concerti' and the use of the sopranino recorder in the late eighteenth century. A chapter examines social, financial, and performance aspects (including performance venues); professional and amateur usage of the instruments and gender differences are discussed. A comparison is made of the usage of the instruments in Continental Europe and England, where differing practices are observed regarding tutors, repertoire, and, in particular, the usage of the piccolo. The introductory review of extant literature indicates thirteen matters in which I consider the literature on octave flutes 1660 - 1800 to be deficient. The thesis explores these lacunae.

Musica para dos megainstrumentos y grupo de camara (Music for two Megainstruments and Chamber Ensemble) is a six-section piece written for two violins (treated as a megaviolin), two flutes (treated as a megaflute) and chamber ensemble. Both the form and the different tempi of the piece are determined by the interaction of the two mega-instruments and the ensemble. The piece is an original contribution in its concept and use of the megainstruments. A mega-instrument is composed by two single instruments of the same kind. The main function of the mega-instrument is that of expanding the technical possibilities of the individual instruments that constitute it, as well as creating new possibilities, while keeping, at the same time, the specific characteristics or "personality" of the original instruments. In the Primer ensamble and Segundo ensamble sections the two mega-instruments are incorporated into the ensemble and treated as four individual instruments. The basic pitch structure of the piece is represented by SC [014], which is further organized in a six-note scale that is a member of SC [014589]. The six-note scale (used in the piece as an unordered set) and its three available transpositions create a universe of four pitch regions with two different modulation levels to connect them. Pitch Regions are also used simultaneously in the piece. This procedure (that I have called a multi region) includes harmonic and/or melodic intervals that are not available within single pitch regions. The piece could be defined as atonal or without pitch centers. It is characterized by an interaction of the tempered system and the pitch continuum (microtones and glissandi).

Musica para dos megainstrumentos y grupo de camara (Music for two Megainstruments and Chamber Ensemble) is a six-section piece written for two violins (treated as a megaviolin), two flutes (treated as a megaflute) and chamber ensemble. Both the form and the different tempi of the piece are determined by the interaction of the two mega-instruments and the ensemble. The piece is an original contribution in its concept and use of the megainstruments. A mega-instrument is composed by two single instruments of the same kind. The main function of the mega-instrument is that of expanding the technical possibilities of the individual instruments that constitute it, as well as creating new possibilities, while keeping, at the same time, the specific characteristics or "personality" of the original instruments. In the Primer ensamble and Segundo ensamble sections the two mega-instruments are incorporated into the ensemble and treated as four individual instruments. The basic pitch structure of the piece is represented by SC [014], which is further organized in a six-note scale that is a member of SC [014589]. The six-note scale (used in the piece as an unordered set) and its three available transpositions create a universe of four pitch regions with two different modulation levels to connect them. Pitch Regions are also used simultaneously in the piece. This procedure (that I have called a multi region) includes harmonic and/or melodic intervals that are not available within single pitch regions. The piece could be defined as atonal or without pitch centers. It is characterized by an interaction of the tempered system and the pitch continuum (microtones and glissandi). / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

Johann Joachim Quantz, am 30. Januar 1697 im niedersächsischen Oberscheden geboren und am 12. Juli 1773 in Potsdam gestorben, gilt nicht nur als einer der bedeutendsten Flötenvirtuosen seiner Zeit, sondern hatte sich auch einen großen Namen gemacht als Lehrer des Flöte spielenden Preußenkönigs Friedrich II. und als Verfasser des theoretischen und selbst noch für die heutige Musikforschung wichtigen Grundlagenwerkes Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen (1752)1. Überdies hatte er ein umfangreiches OEuvre an Kompositionen – Konzerte und kammermusikalische Werke vornehmlich für sein Instrument – geschaffen, die zumeist für seinen königlichen Schüler bestimmt waren, an dessen Hof er seit Dezember 1741 lebte und wirkte. Zwar gehörten die Jahre am preußischen Hof für den Flötenmeister zu den wichtigsten seines Lebens und Schaffens, jedoch war seine vorangegangene Anstellung – seit 1718 als Mitglied der so genannten »Polnischen Capelle«2 und seit 1728 Flötist in der Hofkapelle – am Hofe August II. (des Starken) in Dresden für seine Entwicklung und Reife entscheidend. Dort hatte er nicht nur Gelegenheit, die hohe künstlerische Qualität der vorzüglichen Hofkapelle hauptsächlich unter Leitung von Johann Georg Pisendel (1687–1755) zu erleben und späterhin mitzugestalten, sondern sich frühzeitig durch gründlichen Unterricht beim ersten Flötisten der Königlichen Kapelle, Pierre Gabriel Buffardin (1689–1768), ausbilden zu lassen und sich selbst zu einem herausragenden Musiker zu entwickeln. Während einer dreijährigen Studienreise (1724–1727) nach Italien, Frankreich und England machte er sich mit den bekanntesten Instrumentalisten und Gesangskünstlern bekannt, versuchte, sich auch kompositorisch weiter zu bilden (u. a. Unterricht bei Francesco Gasparini) und studierte mit Eifer die Eigenheiten und Besonderheiten des italienischen und französischen Nationalstils.

Kidrish Fields, a pastoral fantasy, is scored for seven flutes, vibraphone, and cello. The duration of the work is eighteen minutes. The 62 pages which precede the musical score present a discussion and an analysis of the composition. The purpose of this project was to provide the composer an opportunity to apply polyphonic writing techniques within a score orchestrated for an ensemble of like instruments.

Johann Joachim Quantz, am 30. Januar 1697 im niedersächsischen Oberscheden geboren und am 12. Juli 1773 in Potsdam gestorben, gilt nicht nur als einer der bedeutendsten Flötenvirtuosen seiner Zeit, sondern hatte sich auch einen großen Namen gemacht als Lehrer des Flöte spielenden Preußenkönigs Friedrich II. und als Verfasser des theoretischen und selbst noch für die heutige Musikforschung wichtigen Grundlagenwerkes Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen (1752)1. Überdies hatte er ein umfangreiches OEuvre an Kompositionen – Konzerte und kammermusikalische Werke vornehmlich für sein Instrument – geschaffen, die zumeist für seinen königlichen Schüler bestimmt waren, an dessen Hof er seit Dezember 1741 lebte und wirkte. Zwar gehörten die Jahre am preußischen Hof für den Flötenmeister zu den wichtigsten seines Lebens und Schaffens, jedoch war seine vorangegangene Anstellung – seit 1718 als Mitglied der so genannten »Polnischen Capelle«2 und seit 1728 Flötist in der Hofkapelle – am Hofe August II. (des Starken) in Dresden für seine Entwicklung und Reife entscheidend. Dort hatte er nicht nur Gelegenheit, die hohe künstlerische Qualität der vorzüglichen Hofkapelle hauptsächlich unter Leitung von Johann Georg Pisendel (1687–1755) zu erleben und späterhin mitzugestalten, sondern sich frühzeitig durch gründlichen Unterricht beim ersten Flötisten der Königlichen Kapelle, Pierre Gabriel Buffardin (1689–1768), ausbilden zu lassen und sich selbst zu einem herausragenden Musiker zu entwickeln. Während einer dreijährigen Studienreise (1724–1727) nach Italien, Frankreich und England machte er sich mit den bekanntesten Instrumentalisten und Gesangskünstlern bekannt, versuchte, sich auch kompositorisch weiter zu bilden (u. a. Unterricht bei Francesco Gasparini) und studierte mit Eifer die Eigenheiten und Besonderheiten des italienischen und französischen Nationalstils.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / The 1st work for violin, clarinet, violoncello; the 2nd for piano with chamber orchestra; the 3rd for 2 flutes (1 doubling on piccolo), 2 clarinets, 2 violoncellos. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Accompanying disc contains PDF file of thesis and recordings of performances.

Thesis (Ph. D.--Music)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / First work for 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, violoncello, and piano; 2nd for oboe and violin solo with 2 trumpets, horn, trombone, crotales, vibraphone, and percussion. Vita. With sound recording (1 sound disc : digital ; 4 3/4 in.) containing thesis works.