Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre anemia y diversidad en la dieta en niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad, según la ENDES, Perú 2015 - 2016. Materiales y métodos: realizamos un estudio analítico transversal aplicando un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2015 y 2016, en el cual se incluyeron a todos los niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad a quienes se les midió hemoglobina. Se consideró “anemia” cuando los valores de hemoglobina eran menores a 11g/dL y se consideró “dieta diversa” para aquellos niños que recibieron 4 o más grupos alimentarios durante el día anterior a la entrevista. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, asimismo, el análisis bivariado y multivariado se realizó mediante la prueba de modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para calcular las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Para el análisis de datos se usó STATA 12. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 545 niños, de los cuales 51,27% fueron varones. La edad promedio fue de 12,76±5,15 meses. El 57,02% presentó anemia y el 74,90% tuvo una dieta diversa. No se encontró asociación entre anemia y diversidad de la dieta; sin embargo, la anemia fue menor en niños del género masculino (RPa: 0,90; IC95%: 0,84-0,96), de menor edad (RPa: 0,97; IC95%: 0,97-0,98), y mayor riqueza (Quintil intermedio; RPa: 0,89; CI95%: 0,80-0,98; Cuarto quintil; RPa: 0,79; CI95%: 0,70-0,89; Quintil superior; RPa: 0,60; IC95%: 0,51- 0,70); y fue mayor en niños con baja talla para la edad (RPa: 1,11; IC95%: 1,01-1,22) Conclusión: existe una elevada prevalencia de anemia en niños de 6 a 23 meses. No se encontró asociación significativa entre anemia y diversidad de la dieta, más sí con otras variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. / Objective: to determine the association between anemia and diet diversity in children 6 to 23 months of age, according to ENDES, Peru 2015 - 2016. Materials and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional analytical study applying a secondary analysis of the Demographic Survey and Family Health (ENDES) 2015 and 2016, which included all children 6 to 23 months of age who were measured hemoglobin. Anemia was considered when hemoglobin values ​​were lower than 11g / dL and it was considered "diverse diet" for those children who received 4 or more food groups during the day before the interview. A descriptive analysis was also performed, the bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed by testing generalized linear models of the Poisson family to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (RPa) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ). For the data analysis, STATA 12 was used. Results: 13 545 children were included, of which 51.27% were boys. The average age was 12.76 ± 5.15 months. 57.02% had anemia and 74.90% had a diverse diet. No association was found between anemia and diet diversity; however, anemia was lower in boys (RPa: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84-0.96), younger (RPa: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97-0, 98), and greater wealth (Intermediate quintile; RPa: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80-0.98; Fourth quintile; RPa: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70-0.89; Upper quintile; RPa: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.51-0.70); and it was higher in children with short stature for age (RPa: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.22) Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of anemia in children aged 6 to 23 months. No significant association was found between anemia and diet diversity, but with other sociodemographic and clinical variables. / Tesis

<p dir="ltr">Undernutrition affects millions of children in low- and middle- income countries, causing poor growth, poor development, and increased risk of mortality. Many nutrition-sensitive interventions for rural areas increase household access to nutritious foods through increasing home production, a strategy that has small positive effects on child diets. However, there is growing evidence that local markets are also important for dietary quality. Despite the importance of rural markets, the rural food environment and food purchasing practices among rural households are not well-characterized in the literature. It is possible that promoting improved household food purchase practices is an effective method for improving child nutrition in rural areas. Tanzania experiences a high prevalence of undernutrition among children under the age of 5 years, particularly among rural populations. This dissertation utilizes data from the Engaging Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania (EFFECTS), a cluster randomized controlled trial that was conducted in rural Mara, Tanzania. The EFFECTS trial promoted improved diets through both home production and through food purchases through a social and behavior change strategy. We measured changes in dietary diversity (a proxy for diet quality), children’s nutrient intake adequacy, and diversity of foods purchased and produced. This dissertation presents evidence that food purchase diversity is positively associated with dimensions of the rural food environment, including high market food diversity (+0.37 food groups, p=0.01), living within 30 minutes of a market (+0.36 food groups, p=0.001) and household purchasing power (+0.14 food groups per additional million Tanzanian shillings spent by the household, p<0.001). In turn, purchase diversity is positively associated with dietary diversity (b=0.22, p<0.001), and intake adequacy of folate, vitamin B12, and calcium (all p<0.05) among children 9-23 months. Promoting food purchase diversity was effectively integrated into the EFFECTS interventions, resulting in purchasing +0.54 food groups at endline compared to changes in the control (p<0.01), which mediated 25% of the total improvement in child dietary diversity. In contrast, production diversity was associated with increased intake adequacy of vitamin A only (p<0.05), households produced +0.44 food groups at endline compared to control (p<0.05), and this mediated 15% of the total improvement in child dietary diversity. These findings suggest that promoting diverse food purchases, alongside diverse home production, is an effective way to improve children’s diets in similar settings.</p>

The principal aim has been to investigate the contemporary role and importance of edible wild plants in the diets of women in different agro-ecological regions of Vietnam. Field studies were undertaken in four villages in the Mekong Delta (MD) and the Central Highlands (CH) in 1995-1999. Data collection included rapid appraisal techniques, botanical identification, dietary assessments (7-day food frequency recall), anthropometry, blood sampling (haemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum retinol and C-reactive protein) and analysis of vegetable samples (dry matter, selected minerals and vitamins, tannins and phytic acid). A food variety analysis was used to test the adequacy of diets. The uses of over 90 wild plant species were documented, many with multiple functions as foods, medicines and livestock feeds. In the dietary assessment 29 species were reported. Most women used a combination of home produced, commercial and wild vegetables. A high 72 and 43% respectively of the vegetables consumed in the MD and CH sites were gathered (rainy season). They contributed significantly to micronutrient intakes, especially vitamin A, calcium, vitamin C and folate. They added considerably to food diversity and women with the most diverse diets had relatively adequate nutrient intakes. The species used and importance of wild plants varied considerably with region, season and ethnicity. The main conclusions are that edible wild plants continue to make important contributions to the nutrient intakes of women. If this is neglected in diet assessments our understanding of the overall dietary adequacy may be misinterpreted and much valuable knowledge of traditional food diversification may be lost. A food variety analysis can be a useful tool in identifying groups with inadequate diets. The dual role of many species as dietary components and in preventive health care deserves greater attention.

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