Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-129). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-129). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-176). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-176). Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O controle da composição dos elementos presentes nos suplementos nutricionais é de grande importância devido ao crescente consumo e a comercialização de diversos tipos e marcas destes produtos. A determinação da quantidade de elementos nos suplementos torna – se necessária para comparar com os valores declarados nos seus rótulos. Neste trabalho, a ativação com nêutrons foi aplicada à análise de 11 amostras de suplementos, adquiridos em farmácias e em lojas de produtos naturais. As amostras, adquiridas nas formas de cápsulas ou comprimidos foram moídas para se obter as na forma de pó homogêneo. As amostras e os padrões sintéticos dos elementos foram irradiados no reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1. Irradiações de 8 h sob um fluxo de nêutrons térmicos de 5x1012 n cm –2 s-1 foram realizadas para a determinação dos elementos Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Se e Zn e para a determinação dos elementos As, Cu, Fe, K, Na as amostras foram irradiadas por 1 h sob fluxo de nêutrons térmicos da ordem de 1x1012 n cm –2 s-1. As medidas das atividades gama induzidas foram realizadas usando um detector de Ge hiperpuro acoplado a um espectrometro de raios gama. Os resultados das quantidades obtidas nas amostras de suplementos foram em geral, concordantes com os valores apresentados nos seus respectivos rótulos. Elementos tóxicos como As, Cd, Hg e Sb não foram detectados em nenhuma das amostras. Para o controle da qualidade dos resultados analíticos com relação à exatidão e precisão foram analisados os materiais certificados de referência NIST 1400 Bone Ash e NIST 1633b Coal Fly Ash ambos da National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Os resultados obtidos nestes materiais de referência apresentaram uma boa precisão e exatidão e os valores de Z score ou diferença padronizada obtidos das análises, foram menores que 2 indicando que os resultados obtidos são satisfatórios e estão dentro da faixa dos valores dos certificados a um nível de confiança de 95%. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Inledning: Drygt 5% av barn i Sverige har en uppmärksamhets- och hyperaktivitetsstörning/ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD), och runt 75% av dem medicineras för att minska symptomen av ADHD. Hyperaktivitet, svårigheter att fokusera och koncentrera sig, och impulsivt beteende är några karaktärsdrag hos barn med ADHD. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att se om det finns kostrelaterade behandlingskomplement för att lindra ADHD hos barn. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar har analyserats och delats upp i fyra olika teman. Resultat: En elimineringskost där vissa födoämnen uteslutadess, ett minskat intag av tillsatser (konstgjorda färgämnen och konserveringsmedel) eller ökat intag av omega-3 visade positiva effekter hos en grupp barn med ADHD där symptomen minskade, speciellt hyperaktivitet. Diskussion: Trots att resultaten av studierna visar en positiv effekt hos vissa barn med ADHD så behövs mer grundlig forskning angående elimineringskost, tillsatser och omega-3. Studierna baseras ofta på frågeformulär som fylls i av föräldrarna vilket kan leda till subjektiva resultat som tar bort generaliserbarheten av studierna. De positiva effekterna antyder att komplementära behandlingsmetoder kan finnas genom en förändrad kost, som förbättrar livskvaliteten och minskar biverkningar hos barn med ADHD och samtidigt sänker kostnaderna för samhället. / Introduction: About 5% of all children in Sweden are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and about 75 % get medication do reduce symptoms. Hyperactivity, difficulties to focus and concentrate and impulsive behavior are typical characteristics for children with ADHD. Aim: The aim with this literature review is to see if complementary treatments based on diet can assist to reduce symptoms of ADHD for children. Method: A literature review that analyses ten original articles which are divided into four different topics. Result: An elimination diet that excludes certain foods, reduced intake of food additives and preservatives or increased intake of omega-3 showed positive effects for a group of children with ADHD as symptoms minimized especially for hyperactivity. Discussion: Even though results of the studies show positive effects for certain children with ADHD, more research is needed that further investigates the effects of elimination diet, food additives and omega-3. The studies were mainly based on questionnaires, filled in by parents, which can lead to subjective results. The positive effects suggest that alternative treatments by changed diet might assist children with ADHD, improving life quality and reducing medication side effects together with reduced costs for society.

The primary objective of this study was to apply the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasive communication to consumers' perceptions of food additive labelling. The model was used to explain how consumer information processing influences consumers' decision-making and consequent purchasing behaviour with regard to food products that contain food additives. To date, few studies have explained consumers' perceptions, viewpoints and understanding of additive labelling, or of their related purchasing behaviour. However, the increased marketing of processed foods containing additives and the concern expressed by consumers regarding the risks of additives call for the development of a theoretical basis for research into these issues. There is currently a lack of such data in South Africa. This study was conducted from a phenomenological qualitative approach with a descriptive exploratory nature. Eight focus group sessions with 39 food additive label readers were held in the Vanderbijlpark-Vereeniging area. A content analysis of the focus group discussions resulted in the categorising of concepts, and 33 subtle underlying themes were identified. The main findings of the study were that the participants' general perceptions suggested that food additives can be defined as unnatural chemical substances that are added to food and that hold some benefits and/or risks to the consumer. The participants' use of food additive information was influenced by the situational factors associated with each individual participant. Moreover, the participants were more aware of tartrazine, MSG and aspartame than of any other food additive. Participants were also confronted with various blocking mechanisms when searching for and selecting food products containing additives. These included a lack of standardisation of terminology, illegible ingredient listing, a lack of food control and regulation, information overload, incomprehensible information, manufacturers' dishonesty, time constraints and incorrect, untrustworthy, insufficient information. On the other hand, participants used various coping or risk-reducing strategies to reduce their concerns. In order to interpret the results, the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasive communication was adapted and applied to food additive labels. The adapted model illustrates how the consumers' perceptions of additive labels and their search for additional information influence their purchasing behaviour to varying extents. It is recommended that more attention be given to consumer education with regard to additive-related terminology used on food labels and that the results be put to use in the current revision of labelling regulations. Marketers and retailers could use the information to better understand the behaviour of consumers who read food additive labels. The value of this study was to show that consumers' prior perceptions of food additives are an important determinant of their purchasing behaviour, / Thesis (Ph.D. (Consumer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR Management)--Vaal University of Technology / Introduction. Most of the children aged between five and 15 around the world live under difficult circumstances, which lead to a high dropout rate from school before the end of the secondary level. Most of them have poor nutrition, are undernourished and are exposed to a large range of harmful, parasitic and infectious diseases (Shariff et al, (2000:265). Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the nutritional status of primary school children in Orange Farms informal settlement in terms of their nutritional needs in order to implement a school feeding programme and assess its impact on the nutritional status of these children. Methodology. A cross-sectional baseline survey was conducted two weeks before commencing with the school feeding programme. The measurements taken during this phase were socio-demographic and health by means of a questionnaire, as well as dietary intake and food consumption patterns by means of a quantified food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall, weight and height measurements. The anthropometric measurements included height and weight and the biochemical measurements included serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, total protein, albumin, vitamin B 12, folate, glucose, full blood count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cell count, mean cell volume, white blood cell count, vitamins A, E and zinc. A single matched "placebo" -controlled, parallel group, clinical trial of ten months followed in a randomly selected sample of 100 participants, 50 forming part of the control group receiving a fruit and 50 forming part of the experimental group receiving com-soy blend porridge. After the 10-month period, the same measurements for the baseline survey were repeated, except for the sociodemographic and health measurements. Results. Malnutrition, including under and over nutrition, remains a major problem among primary school children globally. This was also true in both the experimental and control school groups in this study where 18.6 percent, 34.9 percent and 4.7 percent were underweight, stunted and wasted especially in the experimental group compared to 9.1 percent severe underweight, and 9.1 per cent each for severe stunting and wasting in the control group at baseline. A mainly carbohydrate based diet was consumed with limited vegetable and animal protein intakes. The socio-demographic data indicated that household food insecurity contributed to the poor dietary intake of the sample, as the majority of the caregivers were unemployed in both groups. This was further confirmed by the limited monthly household income of less than R 1000 for a relatively large family size of up to 5 members in the control group compared to 5-10 household members in the experimental group. The implementation of a school feeding programme that included a nutritious and acceptable meal in the form of enriched corn-soy blend or a fruit as part of the programme, also proved to be a relatively easy and cost-effective way to address hunger in these primary schools. Furthermore, the dietary intake levels for both groups showed statistically significant improvements for various macro- and micronutrients when compared to DRis. Conclusion Although few statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to dietary intake patterns, biochemical changes and nutritional status indices, positive changes were observed in both groups, indicating that any food provision may have a positive impact on undernourished children. The results of the intervention indicated an improvement in dietary intake which could result in an improved nutritional status, specifically related to micronutrients. However, the anthropometric indices and certain biochemical parameters showed significant improvements in both groups after the intervention. School feeding programmes are a good strategy for addressing malnutrition among primary school children if monitored effectively. However, it does not impact directly on household food security. A long-term clinical intervention trial is recommended to measure the impact of a food-based approach to address specific micronutrient deficiencies prevalent among children in these age groups. / National Research Foundation