Food apartheid, a term that describes the deliberate nature of food insecurity in the US, is a bioethical issue because people need access to nutritious foods to help sustain a healthy lifestyle, but not all people have this access. The lack of this ability to easily obtain healthy food has contributed to chronic medical issues that span across generations in urban areas such as North Philadelphia. Hospital systems have an ethical obligation to address food apartheid in order to uphold the urban bioethics principles of social justice, non-maleficence, and solidarity. There have been many solutions implemented by local and national organizations and governments to try to combat food apartheid, which healthcare institutions can incorporate in order to benefit their patients. In this thesis, I will discuss some of these solutions and whether they have been shown to be effective in combatting food insecurity. These solutions include fresh food financing initiatives, which aim to open more grocery stores carrying fresh produce in areas affected by food apartheid, and healthy Corner Store Initiatives, which try to increase produce availability in existing corner stores. I will also discuss produce subsidy programs, which discount the price of fresh fruits and vegetables, and urban agriculture, which is usually a community-based initiative to increase access to fresh produce. After a description of the solutions, I will discuss the efficacy of examples of each of these types of programs, and if applicable, will mention if these programs have worked to address food apartheid in Philadelphia. Then I will discuss how well each solution incorporates Urban Bioethics principles. Finally, I will conclude with an analysis on which method may be most sustainable in combatting food apartheid and will explore why healthcare institutions must incorporate these methods in order to improve the effectiveness of the care they provide patients. / Urban Bioethics

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