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No description available.

The purpose of this research study was to test the validity of three diet analysis programs — Food Processor, Diet Analysis Plus 7.0 Online, and NutritionData.com — by comparing results of each program to the nutrient data from an independent food science lab for menu items served at Pizza King, Inc. restaurants.NutritionData.com had a slightly higher positive correlation, as well as more nutrient values within 10% of the chemical analyses, than ESHAs Food Processor. However, due to several ancillary factors (e.g., limited data base, inability to save laboratory-obtained data into a permanent database, and the minimal cost for the program for a company the size of Pizza King), this researcher has recommended ESHA Food Processor to Pizza King for the current and future analyses of their menu items. Diet Analysis Plus 7.0 Online could not be tested because the program did not generate analyzable results. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

Acidulants can contribute considerably to the flavor of food. However, limited research on differences in acid flavor exists. While numerous researchers have studied acids, most have focused on sourness exclusively. Acids have been shown previously to differ in non-sour components, such as bitterness and astringency. A series of experiments were conducted to determine flavor characteristics of selected acids in different systems. First, selected acids (lactic, malic, citric, acetic) and 2 acid blends (lactic/acetic 1:1 and 2:1) in a model (water) system were evaluated on an equivalent weight (0.2% w/v) and on an equivalent pH basis. Three pH levels were explored: 3.5, 4.5 and 6.5. The technique of free-choice profiling was applied to characterize the flavor profile. Results analyzed by generalized procrustes analysis showed two significant findings: (1) acids differ in sensory character, and (2) the flavor of an acid changes with pH. Second, selected acids (lactic, malic, citric, tartaric) were evaluated in sweetened, flavored drinks on an equivalent weight basis at two concentrations (0.4 and 0.6% w/v). Four flavors were evaluated: orange, cherry, cola and strawberry. Descriptive analysis was used, and the data was analyzed by principal component analysis. Significant differences were found on among acids and concentrations. For the orange flavor system, citric acid enhanced the orange flavor of the drink. Third, selected acids (lactic, citric, acetic) and 2 acid blends (acetic/lactic 1:1 and 2:1) were evaluated in emulsions on an equivalent pH basis. Three pH levels were explored: 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5. These findings support the first study as differences were found among acids, and flavor changes existed when pH changed. / Graduation date: 1995

Vita. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The nitrate content of some foods was determined. Canned food, baby food, frozen food, and fresh vegetables were analyzed. Among them spinach and beet were found to have the highest nitrate-nitrogen content and frozen food had higher nitrate-nitrogen content than other food products analyzed. Nitrate-nitrogen of food is partially transferred to the liquid portion whenever the food consists of any liquid. The amount of nitrate in the liquid portion seemed, to be higher than in the solid portion except in bean which has a protective surface layer as a factor of lowering the nitrate found in the liquid portion. The rate of nitrate transferring from solid portion to liquid portion was not the same for all foods and was not the same even from different parts of the same plant. Nitrate-nitrogen was not destroyed by cooking. Even after pouring off cooking water, some nitrate-nitrogen still remained in the solid portion. The distribution of nitrate among different plant parts was not uniform: bean leaves, beet root and spinach petioles were found to have higher nitrate than other parts. Nitrogen fertilization readily increased nitrate-nitrogen content in spinach. The sodium salicylate method was found to be the most reliable method for nitrate determination among different methods used in this study. The determination might be affected by many factors occuring during the procedure of analysis such as procedure of extraction and the spectrophotometer blanks used. Oxidising agents, arid reducing agents do not seem to affect the analysis but pH variation and sucrose which might occur in food probably are factors affecting apparent nitrate content. Cooking did quickly destroy spinach nitrate reductase enzyme activity. This means that nitrite will not be found after cooking unless the enzyme is regenerated, or unless there is microbial activity. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Typescript / M.A. Florida State College for Women 1932 / Includes bibliographical references (pages 34-35)

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Os dados sobre composição de alimentos são de grande importância em qualquer estudo sobre nutrição humana. A necessidade de atualização desses dados tem chamado a atenção internacional. O INFOODS (International Network of Food Systems) tem centralizado esforços para proporcionar a geração de tabelas regionais de composição dos alimentos. O LATINFOODS coordena a elaboração do Banco de Dados para América Latina e o BRASILFOODS o Banco de Dados Nacional. Neste trabalho foram compilados 950 alimentos, segundo as normas do INFOODS/LATINFOODS. Um ponto relevante a ser considerado é a qualidade analítica, que garante a confiabilidade da informação. A visão atual é de que se não houver um programa definido de controle de qualidade, o resultado analítico deve ser considerado com restrições. Com a finalidade de aplicar os critérios internacionais de avaliação de qualidade analítica, escolheu-se a fibra alimentar como modelo. Essa escolha foi baseada na carência de dados sobre este nutriente, na constante evolução dos métodos analíticos para sua determinação, e na sua importância na nutrição, principalmente considerando sua parcela de contribuição na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas (hipercolesterolemia, diabetes, câncer, obesidade entre outras). Através de modelos esquemáticos desenvolvidos para as categorias: número de amostras, plano de amostragem, tomada de amostra, método analítico e controle de qualidade analítica, foram avaliadas as condições em que cada determinação de fibra alimentar foi realizada, estabelecendo-se códigos de confiança. O resultado obtido na análise de 180 alimentos, foi de 29% com código A e B (considerável e razoável confiança) e 68% com código C (reduzida confiança). Já em 244 alimentos não foi possível estabelecer o código de confiança, uma vez que a determinação ocorreu com metodologia inadequada. Com a determinação da qualidade, foi possível estabelecer quais os alimentos que constituem as prioridades de análise, que são aqueles nos quais ainda não foi determinada a fração fibra alimentar, e aqueles com código C. A fim de aplicar as informações criteriosamente compiladas, foi realizado o cálculo do teor de energia, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos e fibras de um cardápio elaborado, e comparou-se este resultado com o obtido com um programa de computação disponível para esse fim. Verificou-se uma variação nos valores de energia, carboidratos e fibras entre os dois resultados, que pode ser explicada pela diferença na metodologia empregada para determinação da fibra nas duas fontes. Foram elaborados equivalentes de Fibra Alimentar Total, que consistem em porções de alimentos agrupadas de acordo com a similaridade no teor desse nutriente, visando facilitar a elaboração de dietas que atendam às recomendações nutricionais. De um modo geral, o Banco de Fibra Alimentar torna acessível a todos os profissionais dados confiáveis, e ao mesmo tempo proporciona a criação de um modelo de aplicação dos critérios internacionais de qualidade analítica. / Data about food composition are very relevant to any study of human nutrition. The necessity of updating that information is of international concerning. INFOODS (International Network of Food Systems) has been focusing efforts to provide the generation of tables of regional foods composition. LATINFOODS has been in charge of the data bank for the Data Bank for Latin America and so has BRASILFOODS for National Data Bank. 950 foods have been compiled in this paper according to the INFOODS/LATINFOODS. A relevant consideration on the data is the analytical quality, which ensures the reliability of the information. Nowadways, the analytical results will be considered restricted if there is not a defined program of quality control. The dietary fiber was chosen as a model with the purpose of applying the international criteria of evaluation of analytical quality. This choice was based on a lack of data about this nutrient, on a constant evolution for its analytical methods and its importante for nutrition also because that dietary fiber plays an important role concerned to prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity. The data about fiber were evaluated through schematic patterns developed for the categories listed as follows: number of samples, sampling plan, sample handling, analytic methods and analytic quality control, so that confidence codes was established. Results obtained from this evaluation in 180 foods were 29% code A and B (considerable and reasonable confidence) and 68% with code C (reduced confidence). However it was impossible to establish the confidence code in 244 because of the determination occurred with inadequate methodology. The quality determination made it possible to establish which foods are the priorities of analysis. The amount of energy, proteins, fat, carbohydrates and fiber were calculated for an elaborated diet in order to apply the criteriously compiled information. The result of this process was compared to an artificial intelligence software, it showed a variation in the energy, carbohydrates and fibers, and that was explained by different methodology used to determine the dietary fiber. Equivalents of total dietary fiber were created to facilitate the development of diets. The Dietary Fiber Data Bank made reliable information accessible to all professionals and also provided the creation of an applying model for dietary fiber analytical criteria.

Nos últimos anos o selênio tem sido objeto de muitas pesquisas envolvendo tanto aspectos nutricionais quanto funcionais relacionados à saúde humana, Entretanto, dados de composição de alimentos em relação a este nutriente são escassos, devido principalmente às dificuldades de analises, que depende de técnicas analíticas e de equipamentos sofisticados e pela dificuldade em rastrear a origem dos alimentos, considerando que este elemento é dependente das concentrações do mesmo nos solos. O estudo foi realizado com quarenta e oito bois macho, provenientes de pasto da raça Nelore e distribuídos em dois grupos de animais, Grupo I fazenda Arrastão no município Taboado /MS e Grupo II Fazenda Rancho Queimado José Bonifácio /SP. Desses 24 animais de cada estado, foram selecionados os seguintes cortes de carne para determinação da concentração de selênio: coxão mole, coxão duro, músculo, patinho e alcatra. A concentração de selênio foi determinada por meio da técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica por geração de hidretos acoplada à cela de quartzo. Os resultados em base úmida (in natura) encontrados nos seguintes tipos de cortes de carne em São Paulo foram: coxão mole 1,86 &#181;gSe/100g, coxão duro 1,98 &#181;gSe/100g, músculo 1,47 &#181;gSe/100g, patinho 1,23 &#181;gSe/100g e alcatra 1,64 &#181;gSe/100g.e no Mato Grosso do Sul foram: coxão mole 3,78 &#181;gSe/100g, coxão duro 3,76 &#181;gSe/100g, músculo 3,01 &#181;gSe/100g, patinho 2,64 &#181;gSe/100g e alcatra 3,47 &#181;gSe/100g. Observou-se que houve diferença significativa nos teores de selênio das carnes dependendo do Estado, independente dos tipos de cortes, sendo que naqueles provenientes do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul o teor de selênio foi maior que naqueles de São Paulo (p < 0,0001). Entre os tipos de cortes (patinho, alcatra, músculo, coxão mole e coxão duro) também houve diferença significativa independente dos Estados de onde foram provenientes (p < 0,0001). No entanto, não houve diferença significativa no teor de selênio quando os dois fatores (Estado e tipo de corte) foram observados um dependente do outro (p = 0,4736 - base seca; p = 0,3920 - base úmida). Os resultados do presente estudo confirmam a influência da localização nas concentrações de selênio dos alimentos e podemos concluir que a concentração de selênio nas carnes varia de acordo com sua procedência e o tipo de corte. / In recent years selenium has been the subject of many investigations involving both nutritional and functional aspects related to human health, however, food composition data on this nutrient are scarce, mainly due to difficulties of analysis, which relies on analytical techniques and sophisticated equipment and the difficulty in tracing the origin of food, considering that this element is dependent on the concentrations of the same in the soil. The study was conducted with forty-eight oxen Male from Nelore breed and divided into two groups of animals, Group I farm Arrastão in the city of Taboado/MS and Group II Rancho Queimado in the city of José Bonifácio/SP. Of these 24 animals of each state, we selected the following cuts of meat to determine the concentration of selenium: topside, flat, fore shank, knuckle and rump. The selenium concentration was determined using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry coupled with hydride generation quartz cell. The results for wet (fresh) found in the following types of meat cuts in Sao Paulo were topside 1.86 &#181;gSe/100g, flat 1.98 &#181;gSe/100g, fore shank 1.47 &#181;gSe/100g, knuckle 1,23 &#181;gSe/100g and rump 1.64 &#181;gSe/100g. In Mato Grosso do Sul were topside 3.78 &#181;gSe/100g, flat 3.76 &#181;gSe/100g, fore shank 3.01 &#181;gSe/100g, knuckle 2,64 &#181;gSe/100g and rump 3.47 &#181;gSe/100g. There was a significant difference in levels of selenium from meat depending on the state, regardless of the types of cuts, while those from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the selenium content was higher than those of São Paulo (p <0, 0001). Among the types of cuts (topside, flat, fore shank, knuckle and rump) also was no significant difference regardless of where they were from states (p <0.0001). However, no significant difference in selenium content was found when the two factors (state and type of cut) were observed dependent on one another (p = 0.4736 - dry basis, p = 0.3920 - wet basis). The results of this study confirm the effect of selenium on the location of food and can be concluded that the selenium concentration in meat varies according to their origin and type of cut.