Real-time inspection based on machine vision technologies is being widely used in quality control and cost reduction in a variety of application domains. The high demands on the inspection performance and low cost requirements make the algorithm design a challenging task that requires new and innovative methodologies in image processing and fusion. In this research, an integrated approach that combines novel image processing and fusion techniques is proposed for the efficient design of accurate and real-time machine vision-based inspection algorithms with an application to the food processing problem. Firstly, a general methodology is introduced for effective detection of defects and foreign objects that possess certain spectral and shape features. The factors that affect performance metrics are analyzed, and a recursive segmentation and classification scheme is proposed in order to improve the segmentation accuracy. The developed methodology is applied to real-time fan bone detection in deboned poultry meat with a detection rate of 93% and a false alarm rate of 7% from a lab-scale testing on 280 samples. Secondly, a novel snake-based algorithm is developed for the segmentation of vector-valued images. The snakes are driven by the weighted sum of the optimal forces derived from corresponding energy functionals in each image, where the weights are determined based on a novel metric that measures both local contrasts and noise powers in individual sensor images. This algorithm is effective in improving the segmentation accuracy when imagery from multiple sensors is available to the inspection system. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm is verified using (i) synthesized images (ii) real medical and aerial images and (iii) color and x-ray chicken breast images. The results further confirmed that the algorithm yields higher segmentation accuracy than monosensory methods and is able to accommodate a certain amount of registration error. This feature-level image fusion technique can be combined with pixel- and decision- level techniques to improve the overall inspection system performance.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-11T18:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Luiza Rezende Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 1775886 bytes, checksum: 5582a3f36c670d7b39e468c2e09807d2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T14:31:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Luiza Rezende Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 1775886 bytes, checksum: 5582a3f36c670d7b39e468c2e09807d2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T14:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Luiza Rezende Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 1775886 bytes, checksum: 5582a3f36c670d7b39e468c2e09807d2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The ingestion of foods contaminated with Campylobacter spp. results in campylobacteriosis in humans. This disease is the main cause of diarrhea in the United States and European Union. The most common reservoirs of this microorganism are chickens and the consumption of their meat, raw or undercooked, is the main source of contamination to humans. The most prevalent species involved in infections are Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari that can contaminate carcasses during the slaughter and handling of chickens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in chilled and later frozen chicken carcasses commercialized in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. With the support of the Municipal Sanitary Surveillance Department and the Goiás Agency for Agricultural and Farming Defense, forty cooled and frozen carcasses samples were collected in abattoirs and its retail outlets, from May to September/2015. The microbiological analysis was performed according to the methods of the International Organization for Standardization 10272-1:2006. For molecular identification, the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was performed to detect the hipO (Campylobacter jejuni) and glyA genes (Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari). It was found a contamination prevalence of 17.5 % (n=7) of Campylobacter spp.. Between the 24 samples collected from slaughterhouses, 12.5% (n = 3) were contaminated. Among the 16 collected in points of sale, 25.0% (n = 4) presented positivity for the bacterium. Campylobacter lari was not detected in the evaluated samples. The results show that the bacteria remains viable at all stages of the chicken production chain, representing a risk for outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The presence of bacteria in chicken from market reinforces the need for education of poultry farmers and traders regarding the public health risk that these products represent. Awareness raising is needed to improve management, as well as preventive and corrective measures in the production and marketing of these products. In addition, the prevalence found in the present study reinforces the need to establish legal standards that determine the research of the microorganism in this type of food. / A ingestão de alimentos contaminados por bactérias do gênero Campylobacter resultam em campilobacteriose em humanos. Esta é uma das causas mais comuns de diarreia nos Estados Unidos e União Europeia. Um dos maiores reservatórios deste micro-organismo são produtos avícolas, sendo sua carne, crua ou mal cozida, a principal fonte de contaminação para o homem. As espécies mais prevalentes envolvidas nas infecções são Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli e Campylobacter lari que podem contaminar as carcaças durante o abate e a manipulação de frangos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a prevalência de Campylobacter termotolerantes em carcaças de frango refrigeradas e posteriormente congeladas comercializadas no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Com o apoio do Departamento de Vigilância Sanitária Municipal e Agência Goiana de Defesa Agropecuária, foram coletadas, entre os meses de maio e setembro de 2015, 40 amostras de carcaças refrigeradas e congeladas em abatedouros em Goiás e seus pontos de venda em Goiânia. A metodologia para isolamento e identificação obedeceu às normas da International Organization for Standardization 10272- 1:2006. Para identificação molecular, foi realizada a técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase para detecção dos genes hipO (Campylobacter jejuni) e glyA (Campylobacter coli e Campylobacter lari). Foi encontrada prevalência de 17.5 % (n=7) de contaminação de carcaças por Campylobacter spp.. Dentre as 24 amostras coletadas em abatedouros, 12,5 % (n=3) estavam contaminadas. Já entre as 16 coletadas em pontos de venda, 25,0 % (n=4) apresentaram positividade para a bactéria. Não foi detectado Campylobacter lari nas amostras avaliadas. Os resultados evidenciam que a bactéria permanece viável em todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva de frangos, representando um risco para a ocorrência de surtos de gastroenterites. A presença da bactéria em frangos aponta para a necessidade de educação de criadores de aves e comerciantes quanto ao risco à saúde pública que estes produtos representam. É necessária sensibilização para melhorar a gestão, além da realização de medidas preventivas e corretivas no sistema de produção e comercialização destes produtos. Além disso, a prevalência encontrada no presente estudo reforça a necessidade do estabelecimento de padrões legais que determinem a pesquisa do micro-organismo neste tipo de alimento.

The goal of the Master's Thesis is to identify potential risks that consumers face at the wine market in the Czech Republic. Further, the Master's Thesis aim to find out what are the measures that protect a consumer and to suggest solutions to those areas where the protective measures do not work. The identification is carried out via the analysis of primary and secondary data. Primary data are surveyed by means of consumer research and interviews with experts. At the end of the Master's Thesis the results are summarized and the improving arrangements are put forward.

O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do atendimento de denúncias pela Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (SVA/Covisa/SMS-SP), no ano de 2011, discorrendo sobre as principais dificuldades enfrentadas no exercício dessa atividade. Como objetivo secundário buscou-se demonstrar a importância da integração entre os setores público e privado para que o atendimento seja realizado com maior eficiência e eficácia, superando as limitações dos procedimentos administrativos do Código Sanitário Municipal, da Lei Municipal n° 13.725/04. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de quatro métodos de pesquisa disponíveis, documentos escritos e sistemas de registros informatizados do setor. A interpretação baseou-se nos resultados obtidos e na experiência profissional. Concluiu-se que os problemas enfrentados no atendimento de denúncias estão relacionados com algumas imperfeições nos sistemas de registro e do procedimento administrativo, recursos humanos escassos, gerenciamento ineficaz, falta de recursos materiais e falta de maior integração e comunicação entre os órgãos públicos e os setores relacionados / The main goal of this study is the complaints attendance analysis by Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos, wich reports to Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde - Secretaria da Saúde de São Paulo on 2011, discussing the main difficulties in this practice . As a secondary goal, we sought to demonstrate the importance of integration between the public and private sector, so that the service can be made more efficiently and effectively, overcoming the limitations of the administrative procedures of the Municipal Health Code, Municipal Law No. 13.725/04. Data collection was obtained through four research methods available in written documents and computerized records systems sector. The interpretation was based on the results and professional experience. It was concluded that the problems faced in attendance of complaints are related to some imperfections in the system registry and the administrative procedure, scarce human resources, ineffective management, lack of material resources and lack of higher integration and communication between government agencies and related sectors

O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do atendimento de denúncias pela Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (SVA/Covisa/SMS-SP), no ano de 2011, discorrendo sobre as principais dificuldades enfrentadas no exercício dessa atividade. Como objetivo secundário buscou-se demonstrar a importância da integração entre os setores público e privado para que o atendimento seja realizado com maior eficiência e eficácia, superando as limitações dos procedimentos administrativos do Código Sanitário Municipal, da Lei Municipal n° 13.725/04. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de quatro métodos de pesquisa disponíveis, documentos escritos e sistemas de registros informatizados do setor. A interpretação baseou-se nos resultados obtidos e na experiência profissional. Concluiu-se que os problemas enfrentados no atendimento de denúncias estão relacionados com algumas imperfeições nos sistemas de registro e do procedimento administrativo, recursos humanos escassos, gerenciamento ineficaz, falta de recursos materiais e falta de maior integração e comunicação entre os órgãos públicos e os setores relacionados / The main goal of this study is the complaints attendance analysis by Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos, wich reports to Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde - Secretaria da Saúde de São Paulo on 2011, discussing the main difficulties in this practice . As a secondary goal, we sought to demonstrate the importance of integration between the public and private sector, so that the service can be made more efficiently and effectively, overcoming the limitations of the administrative procedures of the Municipal Health Code, Municipal Law No. 13.725/04. Data collection was obtained through four research methods available in written documents and computerized records systems sector. The interpretation was based on the results and professional experience. It was concluded that the problems faced in attendance of complaints are related to some imperfections in the system registry and the administrative procedure, scarce human resources, ineffective management, lack of material resources and lack of higher integration and communication between government agencies and related sectors

Verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedelsbranschen har ett ansvarar för att den mat som producerats är säker. År 2009 gjordes ändringar i den svenska livsmedelslagen där bland annat kraven försvann på att verksamhetsutövare måste ha skriftliga rutiner och dokumentation (Lindblad, Westöö, Lindqvist, Hjertqvist & Andersson, 2009). Oavsett om verksamhetsutövarna har skriftliga rutiner och dokumentation eller inte måste de kunna bevisa att de har tillräcklig kunskap för att arbeta med livsmedelshantering. Genom ett fungerande system för egenkontroll, alltså en egen kontroll av verksamheten, skapas säkra livsmedel och risken för matförgiftning minskar (Israelsson, 2006). Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka verksamhetsutövarna inom livsmedelsbranschens uppfattning om egenkontroll. Denna studie bygger på kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedelsbranschen och en livsmedelsinspektör. Urvalet av respondenter till studien begränsades till en kommun i södra Sverige. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in och transkriberades sedan ordagrant för analysering. Respondenterna i studien såg positivt på förändringen i dagens lagstiftning, men många hade ändå valt att ha kvar sina gamla egenkontrollprogram. De såg det som en säkerhet och trygghet i att kunna gå tillbaka till den och luta sig mot de rutiner som fanns nedskrivna. / Food businesses are responsible to ensure that the food they produce is safe. In 2009 changes were made to the Swedish laws on food safety, with one of the resulting changes being that the previous requirements of having written procedures and documentation disappeared (Lindblad, Westöö, Lindqvist, Hjertqvist & Andersson, 2009). However, whether a business has written procedures and documentation or not, it must still be able to prove that it and its employees have enough knowledge to safely work with food. Through a functioning system of self-monitoring, the risk of food poisoning decreases (Israelsson, 2006). The aim of this study is to investigate the food business' opinion regarding the self-monitoring system. This study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six operators within the food business as well as one food inspector. The respondents to the study were geographically limited to southern Sweden. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The respondents in this study were positive to the change in current law, but many still chosen to retain their old self-monitoring system. They saw it as a safety measure as well as being beneficial when it comes to going back and look at the documented routines.

No description available.

O Código Sanitário Municipal de Alimentos, Decreto Municipal n°25.544, de 14 de março de 1988, regulamentou a fiscalização sanitária de gêneros alimentícios no varejo até 26 de novembro de 2002, data em que entrou em vigor a Lei Estadual n° 10.083, de 23 de setembro de 1998, Código Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, utilizado pelos serviços municipais de vigilância, em caráter temporário, até a promulgação do Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo. Em 9 de janeiro de 2004, entrou em vigor a Lei Municipal n° 13.725, Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo, regulamentando todos os serviços e produtos de interesse da saúde, inclusive a produção e distribuição de alimentos e água para consumo humano. A comparação entre os Códigos de 1988 e de 2004 permitiu a identificação das mudanças ocorridas na legislação e nos procedimentos administrativos da vigilância sanitária do varejo de alimentos no Município de São Paulo. Concluiu-se, também, que o Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo é uma legislação completa e atualizada, com previsão legal de utilização de regulamentos técnicos modernos de forma combinada, especialmente os que tratam da produção e distribuição de alimentos, com ênfase nas Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPFs). / Up to November 26th, 2002, the Municipal Food Standards, or else Municipal Decree NR 25544 as of March 14th, 1988, was the legislation applicable to food inspection in retail establishments. On that date, São Paulo state law number 10083, as of September 23, 1998 became effective and functioning as a temporary legislation applicable to municipal food inspection services, up to the enactment of the Sanitary Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo in the year 2004. Municipal Law Number 13725, or Sanitary Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo, was enacted on January 9th, 2004, applicable to all health-related services and products, including manufacturing and distribution of food and water for human consumption. Comparing the 1998 and 2004 Standards enabled an identification of the changes occurred at hygiene vigilance, food inspection regarding legislation and administrative procedures particulars, as applicable to retail establishments within the Municipality of São Paulo. It was possible to conclude that the sanitary, hygiene Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo comprise a complete legislation, continuously updated, including a legal provision for using a combination of modern technical regulations, especially those concerning food manufacturing and distribution, emphasizing Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

O Código Sanitário Municipal de Alimentos, Decreto Municipal n°25.544, de 14 de março de 1988, regulamentou a fiscalização sanitária de gêneros alimentícios no varejo até 26 de novembro de 2002, data em que entrou em vigor a Lei Estadual n° 10.083, de 23 de setembro de 1998, Código Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, utilizado pelos serviços municipais de vigilância, em caráter temporário, até a promulgação do Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo. Em 9 de janeiro de 2004, entrou em vigor a Lei Municipal n° 13.725, Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo, regulamentando todos os serviços e produtos de interesse da saúde, inclusive a produção e distribuição de alimentos e água para consumo humano. A comparação entre os Códigos de 1988 e de 2004 permitiu a identificação das mudanças ocorridas na legislação e nos procedimentos administrativos da vigilância sanitária do varejo de alimentos no Município de São Paulo. Concluiu-se, também, que o Código Sanitário do Município de São Paulo é uma legislação completa e atualizada, com previsão legal de utilização de regulamentos técnicos modernos de forma combinada, especialmente os que tratam da produção e distribuição de alimentos, com ênfase nas Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPFs). / Up to November 26th, 2002, the Municipal Food Standards, or else Municipal Decree NR 25544 as of March 14th, 1988, was the legislation applicable to food inspection in retail establishments. On that date, São Paulo state law number 10083, as of September 23, 1998 became effective and functioning as a temporary legislation applicable to municipal food inspection services, up to the enactment of the Sanitary Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo in the year 2004. Municipal Law Number 13725, or Sanitary Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo, was enacted on January 9th, 2004, applicable to all health-related services and products, including manufacturing and distribution of food and water for human consumption. Comparing the 1998 and 2004 Standards enabled an identification of the changes occurred at hygiene vigilance, food inspection regarding legislation and administrative procedures particulars, as applicable to retail establishments within the Municipality of São Paulo. It was possible to conclude that the sanitary, hygiene Standards of the Municipality of São Paulo comprise a complete legislation, continuously updated, including a legal provision for using a combination of modern technical regulations, especially those concerning food manufacturing and distribution, emphasizing Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

<p>Canadas regulatory system is science-based and relies on risk assessment to inform decisions about which products of biotechnology (and other technologies) are safe enough for commercial application. Since regulation involves the loss of certain liberties, it is imperative that any regulatory regime be as objective as possible. Scientific risk assessment seems to be a good way to produce the information, which guides policy makers since it involves quantitative analysis and the production of seemingly objective data.</p><p>The view adopted by regulators and in current risk assessment practices is that objective means value-free. Therefore, because risk assessment data is scientific it is thought to be value-free but this is not the case. Risk assessment necessarily involves value assumptions. Assumptions must be made at all stages of the production of risk data. This does not mean, however, that risk assessment is hopelessly subjective. The notion of value-free objectivity can be replaced with the view that genuine objectivity arises through peer review and social discourse. Regulators can adopt this understanding of objectivity to acknowledge the value-ladenness of risk assessment data.</p><p>At present, the value assumptions made by industry, government and private scientists during risk assessment go largely unnoticed yet have an effect on the outcome of regulatory decisions. Such assumptions must be recognized in order to ensure that the decisions made about the risks society face are not biased. This is particularly true in the case of biotechnology regulation. The development of the science of biotechnology has occurred concurrently with the development of the biotech industry creating the opportunity for industry-biased risk assessments.</p><p>It is possible to make changes to the existing regulatory regime in Canada in order to avoid some of the major problems associated with unrecognized value assumptions in risk assessment. A complete restructuring of the regime is unnecessary, however. Maintaining the current regulatory structure with some minor changes could address these problems. These changes include: creating an independent review board, making explicit that value assumptions are part of risk assessment in government advisory reports, and enhancing the role of regulators. Canadas regulatory system can better address the risks associated with biotechnology if it acknowledges that risk assessment is value-laden.</p>