Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4154.pdf: 1491739 bytes, checksum: e7a8dd2211d1d67bedf80ba53cf53305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The foot and ankle joint complex comprising an adaptable to external and internal influences, being able to tolerate and compensate for deformities or misalignment of the lower limb. Shoes are an important addition to the human foot. However, if used improperly interfere in gait, cause pain and foot deformities. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on the anthropometric and postural foot of the elderly, through Manuscript I. As well as pointing out the consequences and the factors associated with the use of inappropriate shoes for a period of four years, through the Manuscript II. For this purpose, 164 elderly patients with mean age of 73.7 (± 5.86) years were evaluated in 2006 and 2010, as the anthropometric and postural foot (Manuscript I), and asked about falls, shoe model used, pain during the use of footwear and options to buy it (Manuscript II). The paired t-test was used in the first study to point out possible differences in anthropometric variables over time. In the second study, subjects were classified among those who remained inadequate lengths of wearing shoes and those who remained using appropriate footwear, excluding the subjects who changed their behavior in the period in question. A multiple logistic regression model and the observations of the odds ratio evaluated the impact of independent variables in the classifications of this behavior. In all statistical tests, was considered a significance level of 5%. The results of study I showed a decrease of the angles of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and increase the values of arch index during the study period. The perimeters, heights and widths, and the postures of the feet showed no changes during the study period. The results of study II show that the foot length and males are the main factors associated with persistence of misuse of shoes over the years, and the shoes too long in relation to the feet of individuals. Other variables, such as falls, shoes models, pain, width, perimeter and height of the feet, or even the posture of the feet showed no association with this behavior. The study period may not have been enough to point out significant changes in other variables, and longer studies are needed to state the possible occurrence of these changes. Still, it is possible to ensure the importance of these findings for better understanding of the complex biomechanics of the feet of the elderly, planning strategies and guidelines for the elderly to help prevent the installation of deformities and limitations. / O pé e o tornozelo compõem um complexo articular adaptável a influências externas e internas, sendo capaz de tolerar e compensar deformidades ou má postura do membro inferior. Os calçados são um complemento importante ao pé humano. Entretanto, se usados inadequadamente interferem na marcha, causam dor e deformidades nos pés. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do envelhecimento sobre as variáveis antropométricas e posturais dos pés de idosos, por meio do Manuscrito I. Bem como apontar as conseqüências e os fatores associados ao uso de calçados inadequados num período de quatro anos, por meio do Manuscrito II. Para tanto, 164 idosos com média de idade de 73,7(±5,86) anos foram avaliados em 2006 e em 2010, quanto a variáveis antropométricas e posturais dos pés (Manuscrito I), além de questionados sobre quedas, modelo de calçado utilizado, dor durante o uso de calçados e opções ao comprá-lo (Manuscrito II). O teste-T pareado foi utilizado, no primeiro estudo, para apontar as possíveis diferenças nas variáveis antropométricas ao longo do tempo. No segundo estudo os indivíduos foram classificados entre aqueles que permaneceram utilizando calçados de comprimentos inadequados e aqueles que permaneceram utilizando calçados adequados, sendo excluídos os sujeitos que mudaram de comportamento no período em questão. Um modelo de Regressão Logística Múltipla e a observação da Odds Ratio (razão de chances) avaliaram o impacto das variáveis independentes na classificação deste comportamento. Em todos os testes estatísticos, foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados do estudo I apontaram uma diminuição dos ângulos da primeira articulação metatarsofalangeana e aumento dos valores de índice do arco durante o período estudado. Os perímetros, alturas e larguras, bem como as posturas dos pés não apresentaram modificações no período do estudo. Os resultados do estudo II revelam que o comprimento do pé e o gênero masculino são os principais fatores associados à permanência de uso incorreto de calçados no decorrer dos anos, sendo os calçados excessivamente compridos em relação aos pés dos indivíduos. Outras variáveis, como quedas, modelos de calçados, dor, larguras, perímetros e alturas dos pés, ou mesmo a postura dos pés não apresentaram associações com este comportamento. O período estudado pode não ter sido suficiente para apontar alterações significativas nas demais variáveis estudadas, e estudos mais longos são necessários para afirmar a possível ocorrência destas alterações. Ainda assim, é possível assegurar a importância desses achados para melhor compreensão acerca da complexa biomecânica dos pés de idosos, planejando estratégias e orientações aos idosos que visem prevenir a instalação de deformidades e limitações.

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Title: Neurophysiologic intervention induced changes of the functional foot characteristics in school children. Objectives: The aim of the research was to identify the functional characteristics of the foot in school children selected on the basis of the activity of physical activity in the highest intensity (sporting children) and in the lowest intensity (non-sporting children) and to find out possibilities of influencing the functional characteristics of the foot by targeted neurophysiological intervention. The whole research study was divided into 3 related parts, which were examined separately. The first study aim was an identification of group specific functional characteristics of the foot in 2 groups of school children - actively sporting children and non-sporting children. The second study aim was the influence determination of long-term duration high performance sport activity on the functional characteristics of the school children foot in adolescent elite soccer players. And the aim of the third study was to verify the effect of the targeted neurophysiologic active intervention on the functional foot characteristics in actively sporting children with foot dysfunction of pronated foot and/or flatfoot type. Methods: The research study was divided into three study parts consisted of...

Title Atypical Pronation of the Sub-Talar Joint: Its Implications on the Lower Limb Background Atypical pronation of the sub-talar joint, or overpronation of the foot, as it is more commonly known, is a current subtopic in foot and lower limb-related biomechanical issues. Typical pronation is a tri-planar movement that involves eversion of the hindfoot, combined with abduction and dorsiflexion of the forefoot. Atypical pronation is recognized when this motion is excessive, and may be determined by the extent and duration to which this occurs according to the rhythmic timing during the gait pattern. It is a mechanical problem of the foot that primarily results from a subluxation or shift of the sub-talar joint and bones of the mid- and hind-foot. As a common finding in the general population, especially in those with flexible flat feet, atypical pronation may result chronically in a displacement of the bones and joints of the lower limb. Research has stated that excessive pronation of the ankle-foot complex may cause change in position of certain bones in the lower limb. This is believed to occur through an interaction between foot and pelvis through a kinetic chain mechanism. Furthermore, it has been stated that atypical pronation may affect weight transfer of the lower limb during gait that may...