Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The thesis presents an analysis of the influence of the international tin agreements (ITA) on the world tin industry between 1956 to 1985. The ITAs, the first of which came into effect in 1956, were jointly operated by tin producing and consuming countries. The International Tin Council (ITC) used a buffer stock and export controls to maintain the price of tin within a band. This experiment in stabilizing tin prices ended in October 1985, when the ITC was unable to continue its operations because it ran out of financial resources. The study first analyzes the market structure of the world tin industry in some detail. Then an econometric model which attempts to capture the behaviour of supply, demand and price of tin over the 30 year period is constructed. Particular attention was paid to the estimation of the tin production functions for major tin producing countries. In many of these countries, the output of the tin depended not only on the price of tin but also on the policies of the ITC as well as the internal political environment of the country. The model is then used to simulate a scenario in which the ITC does not intervene in the tin market. The differences in the price and revenue levels between the actual and simulated scenario are computed. The simulation results show that the tin agreements succeeded in their objective of reducing the variability of price and producers' revenue. In addition, the average level of price and revenues under the ITC regime was higher than under the non-intervention scenario. In evaluating policy options, it was shown that the establishment of a cartel is not viable in the long term for both economic and political reasons. The recommended policy options include improving access to futures markets, providing better transparency of tin market operations, the establishment of government policies which provide better incentives for tin mining and tin using industries in the major tin producing countries and continued efforts in research and development with the aim of lowering costs of production and increasing the uses for tin. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

The focus of this dissertation is upon the role of economic relations in the international legal system, with special emphasis on the newly established World Trade Organisation (Hereinafter, WTO) and its implications for developing countries. This organisation has replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Hereinafter, GATT) as the overall mechanism for regulating international trade. The trade policies of the WTO will be assessed in the light of how they affect developing countries in global trade. Issues of importance to be reviewed include the aims and principles of the WTO, factors leading to its institutionalisation and the improvements it makes upon the GATT, with due regard to the manner in which its laws affect the relationship between developed countries and developing ones in multilateral trade.

published_or_final_version / Law / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union the large economic space of the East Europe has also become part of the world-wide globalization process. How this process of integration of Europe is proceeding in key areas of cross-continental linkages is of great importance for the future of the region and for the future of the World as whole. The author does believe that recent developments in most East European countries will have a significant impact on the world economic and political relationships. Since 1989, Taipei has attempted to capitalize on the systemic changes in Eastern Europe. Taiwan faced an unprecedented opportunity to present itself to the states in transition not only as a democratic and economically developed alternatively to China but also as a significant source of investment and an attractive trade partner. What was the process and specificity of interaction between Taiwan and Eastern European Countries (EEC) and how it is now? This study will attempt to address the above questions. Specifically, it will examine Taipei’s policy vis-à-vis EEC from 1990 until present; survey the evolving aims of Taiwan towards EEC; analyze the development of economic relations between Taiwan and Eastern European countries; depict an implication for future cooperation strategies between EEC and Taiwan.

The proliferation of regional trading agreements around the world has changed the landscape of international trade law from a multi-polar system anchored in the nationstate to one where there are groups of closely-knit sovereign nations. They are usually drawn along geographical lines and are conducting trade with one another in a myriad of ways. This craze for trade deals is sure to give rise to disputes that are an inescapable outcome of the bilateral, regional and international agreements that contain the will of these nations to engage in greater co-operation with one another. As such, it has become necessary to design reliable dispute settlement mechanisms for the settlement of trade related disputes for the effective functioning of the trading agreements. Dispute settlement systems have progressed from being unsophisticated and diplomacy oriented as typified by that of the GATT to the highly legalized adjudication based mechanism that is the crowning glory of the WTO. This trend has been followed by other trading organizations that have modified their dispute settlement mechanisms to become more legalistic. CARICOM is a reborn regional trading bloc in the Caribbean and in lock step with the trend of other trading clubs has augmented its dispute settlement mechanism with a long awaited regional court and other non-binding alternative dispute resolution methods to avert legal clashes. This thesis examines the progress of the CARICOM dispute settlement mechanism from its originally diplomatic procedures to its enhanced legalistic system. A standing judicial institution in CARICOM is a coming of age for this region and its jurisprudence now referred to as CARICOM law. These significant legal advances raise many normative questions about the adequacy of the dispute settlement institutions and whether the rules and processes are clearly defined to enable nascent CARICOM law to be the primary tool by which there can be effective regulation of CARICOM integration. In order to answer these questions this thesis reviews the dispute settlement mechanisms of the WTO and the EU as the natural ‘parents’ of the CARICOM dispute settlement system.

No description available.

In response to concern about the model of trade and investment liberalization reflected in existing and proposed trade and investment agreements (TIAs), efforts have been made to balance the economic orientation of trade with social considerations. One proposal that has garnered significant attention in this regard is the social clause (SC): a set of labour rights to be attached to the text of TIAs. Although the idea of including labour rights in TIAs seems laudable, significant opposition to the particular SC recommendations developed by Canadian and international labour organizations has emerged. Some critics charge that the addition of a clause to TIAs will not only prove unproductive, but will actually serve to legitimate problematic aspects of these agreements. Others insist that the content of the SC will exacerbate existing inequalities in the international trade order. In this thesis, I reconstruct debate over the SC to determine whether this instrument can effectively contribute to the realization of a more socially responsible trade and investment regime. Using proposals advanced by the Canadian Labour Congress as a key point of reference, I argue that there are resources available to clause proponents to respond to claims that the SC is an inadequate approach to the goal of resisting the current model of liberalization. As such, there is room to resist the conclusion that the SC should be rejected in its entirety. While it may be possible to preserve the SC approach, however, the same cannot be said about the content of current clause proposals. Criticisms of the narrow range of issues covered by existing SC recommendations clearly demonstrate that a rethinking of the content of the clause is not only warranted, but also necessary. Accordingly, I conclude by exploring three considerations that should be factored into the development of what would constitute a more adequate SC: first, existing patterns of inequality in the international trade system; second, the range of issues addressed by the clause; and third, the location of the clause within the context of the international trade regime.

Sveriges utrikeshandel innebär att sammanlagt mer än 100 miljoner ton varor årligen transporteras över gränserna. Detta varuflöde beskrivs och analyseras i denna avhandling i avseende på omfattning, sammansättning, avsändnings- och mottagningsorter, transportsätt och transportvägar. Officiell handels- och transportstatistik har i stor utsträckning använts som källmaterial. För analyser som fordrar uppgifter om enskilda sändningar har grunden utgjorts av uppgifter från tio speditionsföretag om 5 800 sändningar. Tre problem har ägnats särskild uppmärksamhet: fördelningen på transportsätt, utvecklingen av utrikestransporterna under 10-20 år fram till det tidiga 1970-talet samt avsändnings- och mottagningsorternas geografiska fördelning. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1973</p>