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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Alfabetizar crian?as na escola p?blica: fazeres docentes em discuss?o

Souza, L?gia Maria Santos de 30 July 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigiaMSS.pdf: 703001 bytes, checksum: 91691841bb3762b0e11e8b14b9da5eca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-30 / The most recent data of the Brazilian Test (BRAZIL, 2005) and of the SAEB (BRAZIL, 2007) have reaffirmed the serious situation of the Brazilian public school, where great part of the students, after to conclude 4? year of basic education, does not present minimum knowledge of reading and writing. In this picture, the situation of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose students had presented, in the last evaluation is particularly difficult, the worse performances of the country, in this area. The data also discloses that the failure pertaining to school, closely tied with the failure in the literacy, not only remains, as takes other aspects. In consequence of this picture, the literacy, even so widely argued in the last few decades, still instigates inquiries, as it is the case of this work. Our study got shaped due to reflections, as much to the theorizations to which we had access, as of the emergent questions of ours pedagogical practice. Through the past three decades, the studies in the area of literacy with the purpose to understand the constituent nature of the process, its aspects and its determinative ones has been intensified. The produced knowledge has contributed for the overcoming of the reductionist form as if it thought/thinks, in some contexts - this process. Such statements impel them to reflect concerning what is happening in the school, limiting or making possible the pertaining to school success. With these concerns, we delimit, as focus of study, the teaching action, having the following stunning question: What to make professors, in the context of the public school, to propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children? In this direction, our object of study is to make them professors who can propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children, in the context of the public school. The objective work to investigate, from practical of professors the teachers, that to make professors related to the literacy process - they can propitiate or hinder the learning of the written language, for the pupils of the public school, at the beginning of the school process. The work if inscribes in the qualitative boarding of research and if it configures as a case study, with characteristics of Research-Action, inspired by the following principles: authenticity and commitment and systematic restitution. For the retraction of the data, they had been used: half-structuralized interview; participant comment; meeting of studies and reflection; register in daily of field. We define as locus of study, a school of public net and, more specifically, a group of the initial years of school process that integrates the cycle of literacy . Of the five invited teachers, only one demonstrated interest in participating of the work. Its group of first year of the First Cycle of basic education is composed for 34 children, with ages between six the nine years. The data constructed by means of the described procedures, as well as its analysis, make possible to identify, between the many aspects and to make that they compose the pedagogical dynamics in the context of classroom, the following categories to make articulated with the literacy process: 1. To make of practical the relative ones to the planning, understood as To make relative: 1,1 distribution of the time-space/routine; 1.2 to the didactic activities and/or sequences and teaching interventions; 1.3 to the organization/election of the contents; 1.4 to the materials/didactic resources and 1.5 to the evaluation. 2. To make relative to the interaction professor-pupil, systemize in: 2.1 attention to the diversity; 2.2 to the affectivity. These to make, in the form as if materialized in the practical one observed, had been reflected, jointly with the teacher, as constituting parts of obstacles to a perspective of literacy. By means of the sharing of the reflections, anchored in theoretical conceptions concerning the practical one of teach-learning and, more specifically, of literacy, we register indications of new meanings of these to make on the part of the teacher in conducting them as providers of learning of its pupils, first purpose of its teaching performance. This finishing, possible synthesis at this moment is, therefore, point of fond and departure for new studies / Os dados mais recentes do Prova Brasil (BRASIL, 2005) e do SAEB (BRASIL, 2007) t?m reafirmado a grave situa??o da escola p?blica brasileira, onde grande parte dos alunos, ap?s concluir o 4? ano do ensino fundamental, n?o apresenta conhecimentos m?nimos de leitura e escrita. Nesse quadro, ? particularmente dif?cil a situa??o do Rio Grande do Norte, cujos alunos apresentaram, na ?ltima avalia??o, os piores desempenhos do pa?s, nessa ?rea. Os dados tamb?m revelam que o fracasso escolar, intimamente vinculado ao fracasso na alfabetiza??o, n?o apenas permanece, como toma outras fei??es. Em conseq??ncia desse quadro, a alfabetiza??o, embora amplamente discutida nas ?ltimas d?cadas, ainda instiga investiga??es, como ? o caso deste trabalho. Nosso estudo foi se delineando a partir de reflex?es oriundas, tanto das teoriza??es a que tivemos acesso, quanto das quest?es emergentes de nossa pr?tica pedag?gica. Ao longo das ?ltimas tr?s d?cadas, intensificaram-se os estudos na ?rea da alfabetiza??o com a finalidade de compreender a natureza do processo, seus aspectos constitutivos e seus determinantes. O conhecimento produzido tem contribu?do para a supera??o da forma reducionista como se pensava/pensa, em alguns contextos esse processo. Tais constata??es nos impelem a refletir acerca do que est? acontecendo na escola, limitando ou possibilitando o sucesso escolar. Com essas preocupa??es, delimitamos, como foco de estudo, a a??o docente, tendo a seguinte quest?o norteadora: Que fazeres docentes, no contexto da escola p?blica, podem propiciar ou obstar o processo de alfabetiza??o das crian?as? Nesse sentido, o nosso objeto de estudo s?o os fazeres docentes que podem propiciar ou obstar o processo de alfabetiza??o das crian?as, no contexto da escola p?blica. O trabalho objetiva investigar, a partir da pr?tica de professores alfabetizadores, que fazeres docentes relacionados ao processo de alfabetiza??o podem propiciar ou obstar a aprendizagem da l?ngua escrita, pelos alunos da escola p?blica, no in?cio da escolariza??o. O trabalho se inscreve na abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e se configura como um estudo de caso, com caracter?sticas da Pesquisa-A??o, inspirada nos seguintes princ?pios: autenticidade e compromisso e restitui??o sistem?tica. Para a recolha dos dados, foram utilizados: entrevista semi-estruturada; observa??o participante; encontros de estudos e reflex?o; registro em di?rio de campo. Definimos como l?cus de estudo, uma escola da rede p?blica e, mais especificamente, uma turma dos anos iniciais de escolariza??o, que integra o ciclo de alfabetiza??o . Das cinco professoras convidadas, apenas uma demonstrou interesse em participar do trabalho. Sua turma de primeiro ano do Primeiro Ciclo do Ensino Fundamental ? composta por 34 crian?as, com idades entre seis a nove anos. Os dados constru?dos mediante os procedimentos descritos, bem como sua an?lise, possibilitaram identificar, entre os muitos aspectos e fazeres que comp?em a din?mica pedag?gica no contexto de sala de aula, as seguintes categorias de fazeres articulados com o processo de alfabetiza??o: 1. Fazeres da pr?tica relativos ao planejamento, compreendidos como Fazeres relativos a: 1.1 distribui??o do tempo-espa?o/rotina; 1.2 ?s atividades e/ou seq??ncias did?ticas e interven??es docentes; 1.3 ? organiza??o/sele??o dos conte?dos; 1.4 aos materiais/recursos did?ticos e 1.5 ? avalia??o. 2. Fazeres relativos ? intera??o professor-aluno, sistematizados em: 2.1 aten??o ? diversidade; 2.2 ? afetividade. Esses fazeres, na forma como se materializavam na pr?tica observada, foram refletidos, conjuntamente com a professora, como constituidores de obst?culos a uma alfabetiza??o em perspectiva de letramento. Mediante o compartilhamento das reflex?es, ancoradas em concep??es te?ricas acerca da pr?tica de ensino-aprendizagem e, mais especificamente, de alfabetiza??o, registramos ind?cios de ressignifica??o desses fazeres por parte da professora no sentido de conduzi-los como propiciadores de aprendizagem de seus alunos, finalidade primeira de sua atua??o docente. Esta finaliza??o, s?ntese poss?vel neste momento, ?, portanto, ponto de chegada e de partida para novos estudos

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