No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Random sampling is a technique which overcomes the alias problem in regular sampling. The randomization, however, destroys the symmetry property of the transform kernel of the discrete Fourier transform. Hence, when transforming a randomly sampled sequence to its frequency spectrum, the Fast Fourier transform cannot be applied and the computational complexity is N(^2). The objectives of this research project are (1) To devise sampling methods for random sampling such that computation may be reduced while the anti-alias property of random sampling is maintained : Two methods of inserting limited regularities into the randomized sampling grids are proposed. They are parallel additive random sampling and hybrid additive random sampling, both of which can save at least 75% of the multiplications required. The algorithms also lend themselves to the implementation by a multiprocessor system, which will further enhance the speed of the evaluation. (2) To study the auto-correlation sequence of a randomly sampled sequence as an alternative means to confirm its anti-alias property : The anti-alias property of the two proposed methods can be confirmed by using convolution in the frequency domain. However, the same conclusion is also reached by analysing in the spatial domain the auto-correlation of such sample sequences. A technique to evaluate the auto-correlation sequence of a randomly sampled sequence with a regular step size is proposed. The technique may also serve as an algorithm to convert a randomly sampled sequence to a regularly spaced sequence having a desired Nyquist frequency. (3) To provide a rapid spectral estimation using a coarse kernel : The approximate method proposed by Mason in 1980, which trades the accuracy for the speed of the computation, is introduced for making random sampling more attractive. (4) To suggest possible applications for random and pseudo-random sampling : To fully exploit its advantages, random sampling has been adopted in measurement Random sampling is a technique which overcomes the alias problem in regular sampling. The randomization, however, destroys the symmetry property of the transform kernel of the discrete Fourier transform. Hence, when transforming a randomly sampled sequence to its frequency spectrum, the Fast Fourier transform cannot be applied and the computational complexity is N"^. The objectives of this research project are (1) To devise sampling methods for random sampling such that computation may be reduced while the anti-alias property of random sampling is maintained : Two methods of inserting limited regularities into the randomized sampling grids are proposed. They are parallel additive random sampling and hybrid additive random sampling, both of which can save at least 75% , of the multiplications required. The algorithms also lend themselves to the implementation by a multiprocessor system, which will further enhance the speed of the evaluation. (2) To study the auto-correlation sequence of a randomly sampled sequence as an alternative means to confirm its anti-alias property : The anti-alias property of the two proposed methods can be confirmed by using convolution in the frequency domain. However, the same conclusion is also reached by analysing in the spatial domain the auto-correlation of such sample sequences. A technique to evaluate the auto-correlation sequence of a randomly sampled sequence with a regular step size is proposed. The technique may also serve as an algorithm to convert a randomly sampled sequence to a regularly spaced sequence having a desired Nyquist frequency. (3) To provide a rapid spectral estimation using a coarse kernel : The approximate method proposed by Mason in 1980, which trades the accuracy for the speed of the computation, is introduced for making random sampling more attractive. (4) To suggest possible applications for random and pseudo-random sampling : To fully exploit its advantages, random sampling has been adopted in measurement instruments where computing a spectrum is either minimal or not required. Such applications in instrumentation are easily found in the literature. In this thesis, two applications in digital signal processing are introduced. (5) To suggest an inverse transformation for random sampling so as to complete a two-way process and to broaden its scope of application. Apart from the above, a case study of realizing in a transputer network the prime factor algorithm with regular sampling is given in Chapter 2 and a rough estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio for a spectrum obtained from random sampling is found in Chapter 3. Although random sampling is alias-free, problems in computational complexity and noise prevent it from being adopted widely in engineering applications. In the conclusions, the criteria for adopting random sampling are put forward and the directions for its development are discussed.

No description available.

Este trabalho aplica metodologia de Wang (2003a, 2003b) para definir uma nova medida do produto de bancos brasileiros. Acredita-se que tal medida seja superior às comumente utilizadas na literatura por se tratar de uma variável de fluxo, incorporar os depósitos bancários de maneira teoricamente embasada e levar em consideração a exposição ao risco. Esta nova variável de produção é utilizada na estimação de fronteiras estocásticas de produção e custo para o setor bancário brasileiro, visando a mensurar sua eficiência técnica e econômica, assim como a magnitude de suas economias de escala. As fronteiras estimadas apresentam especificação dada pela forma funcional flexível de Fourier e incorporam variáveis determinantes da eficiência. Os resultados apontam para uma acentuada ineficiência do setor bancário, assim como para a ocorrência de retornos crescentes de escala. / This work applies the Wang (2003a, 2003b) methodology to define Brazilian banks\' output. It is believed that this new output measure is superior to the ones commonly used by the literature, since it treats output as a flow variable, provides a theoretical basis for defining the role of deposits and takes account of risk exposure in defining output. This new measure is applied to the estimation of stochastic production and cost frontiers for the Brazilian banking sector, aiming at measuring its technical and economic efficiency, and also the size of its scale economies. The frontiers follow a Fourier flexible functional form especification and incorporate efficiency determinants. The results point to the existence of high inneficiency in the banking industry, and also to the ocurrence of increasing returns to scale.

A apneia é um Distúrbio Respiratório do Sono com grande incidência, estimando-se que esteja presente em 13% dos homens e 6% das mulheres nos Estados Unidos. Correlacionados com a apoeia, estão a obesidade, a diabete mellitus e, principalmente, algumas doenças cardíacas. No Brasil ainda há poucas pesquisas, possivelmente pelo difícil acesso e pelo alto custo das Polissonografias. Neste trabalho são analisados alguns sinais de Polissonografia, como o Eletrocardiograma, a Saturação do Oxigênio no Sangue, o Flu.xo Respiratório e o Esforço Respiratório. Mostramos como a Transformada Wavelet Discreta e as Redes Nemais constituem ferramentas matemáticas computacionais que possibilitam a extração de características e a classificação, servindo de suporte ao diagnóstico utilizado at ualmente. / Apnea is a highly incident Sleep-Disordered Breathing, which a icts roughly 13% of men and 6% of the women in the USA. It is also found a few correlations with other diseases, like obesity, diabetes mellitus and, especially, certain cardiac diseases. In Brazil, there are few studies, possibly due to the di cult access and the cost of Polysomnography. In this study, we analyzed some signals of Polysomnography, as the electrocardiogram, the oxygen saturation, the respiratory ow and respiratory e ort. We show how the Discrete Wavelet Transform and Neural Network may be applied as computational mathematical tools that enable feature extraction and classi cation, serving to support the diagnosis currently used.

Neste trabalho foram estudados catalisadores heterogêneos para a reação de transesterificação e esterificação avaliando sua atividade catalítica. Sólidos impregnados em sílica e óxidos de hidrotalcita contendo cargas de Ba, Ca e Nb foram obtidos pelas técnicas de impregnação úmida e coprecipitação, respectivamente. NaOH e ureia foram utilizados como agente precipitantes na coprecipitação. A caracterização dos mesmos foi realizada através das técnicas tradicionais para o estado sólido, como Espectroscopia no Ultravioleta-visível (UV-vis), Espectroscopia por Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (IV), Difração de Raios-X (DRX) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). O requerimento de um cuidado especial na remoção de sódio em sólidos coprecipitados com NaOH foi observado. Os materiais contendo 25 e 35 % de BaO sobre a SiO2 apresentaram atividade para a reação de transesterificação, atingindo 93,5 e 87,0 % de conversão, respectivamente. No entanto, a presença de nitratos na análise de IV pode indicar uma tendência à lixiviação de espécies de Bário. O material obtido como Ca4MgAl apresentou conversão de 97,9 % em biodiesel, porém, há uma significativa contribuição da catálise homogênea, cerca de 22 %. / In this work we were studied heterogeneous catalysts for the reaction of transesterification and esterification evaluating its catalytic activity. Solid impregnated silica and hydrotalcite oxides containing loads of Ba, Ca and Nb were obtained by wet impregnation and coprecipitation techniques, respectively. NaOH and urea was used as precipitating agent in the coprecipitation. The characterization of these was carried out using traditional techniques to solid, such as Spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy Infrared Fourier Transform (IV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An application for a special care in sodium removal on solid co-precipitated with NaOH was observed. Materials containing 25 and 35 % BaO on SiO2 showed activity for the transesterification reaction, reaching 93,5 and 87,0 % conversion, respectively. However, the presence of nitrates in the IV analysis may indicate a tendency to leaching of barium species. The material obtained as Ca4MgAl showed 97,9 % conversion into biodiesel, however, there is a significant contribution of homogeneous catalysis, about 22 %.

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