Neste trabalho é apresentado estudo sobre a racionalização da operação numa empresa de ônibus que realiza transporte fretado de funcionérios de empresas e de escolas. O estudo consistiu no levantamento completo e detalhado dos serviços prestados pela empresa, na análise do sistema de operação empregado visando identificar possíveis estratégias para racionalização da operação sem prejuízo da qualidade, no desenvolvimento dos planos para implementação desses planos. Na primeira parte do trabalho é apresentada a fundamentação teórica do estudo, com discussão do problema da racionalização no transporte de pessoas e produtos e do conceito de qualidade e de eficiência no transporte por ônibus fretados. Também é reproduzida a legislação trabalhista em vigor (Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas - CLT e Acordo Coletivo de Trabalho da Categoria), que constitui o arcabouço legal condicionador do processo de otimização da mão de obra (motoristas). Os principais resultados do estudo de caso realizado são os seguintes: as características dos serviços prestados pela empresa afastam a possibilidade de redução da frota utilizada e da quilometragem percorrida; a possibilidade de racionalização se limita a um único canal - um melhor aproveitamento da mão de obra (motoristas), por meio da redução das horas ociosas remuneradas sem trabalho produtivo e das horas extras que são pagas com valores maiores que os das horas de trabalho normais; e os planos de racionalização da mão de obra propostos levam a benefícios econômicos significativos. / A study for the rationalization of chartered bus operation serving blue-collar workers and school children is presented in this work. The research started with a comprehensive survey of the services supplied by the company. It was followed by an analysis of the existing operation system in order to identify rationalization strategies that would not worsen the service quality. The development of implementation plans for the selected strategies were the next step of the study along with the evaluation ofthe economic benefits resulting from those plans. A theoretical framework is presented in the first part of the text, in which the problems associated with the rationalization of people and goods transportation is discussed. The concepts of effectiveness and efficacy of chartered bus transport are also treated in the same section. Next, the labor legislation in force (Consolidation of the Labor Laws - C.L.T. and Collective Agreement of the Work of the Category) is reproduced and commented. This law constitutes the legal framework that regulates the workforce optimization, including drivers. Based on the case studied, the main conclusions are: it is difficult to reduce the fleet and the distance traveled by the company due the characteristics of the services supplied - the only way to reduce costs is to make a better use of the workforce (drivers) forcing a reduction of idle and overtime paid hours, which usually have greater values than the normal working hours. Finally, the study shows that the proposed plans for the rationalization of the workforce produce significant economic benefits.

Neste trabalho é apresentado estudo sobre a racionalização da operação numa empresa de ônibus que realiza transporte fretado de funcionérios de empresas e de escolas. O estudo consistiu no levantamento completo e detalhado dos serviços prestados pela empresa, na análise do sistema de operação empregado visando identificar possíveis estratégias para racionalização da operação sem prejuízo da qualidade, no desenvolvimento dos planos para implementação desses planos. Na primeira parte do trabalho é apresentada a fundamentação teórica do estudo, com discussão do problema da racionalização no transporte de pessoas e produtos e do conceito de qualidade e de eficiência no transporte por ônibus fretados. Também é reproduzida a legislação trabalhista em vigor (Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas - CLT e Acordo Coletivo de Trabalho da Categoria), que constitui o arcabouço legal condicionador do processo de otimização da mão de obra (motoristas). Os principais resultados do estudo de caso realizado são os seguintes: as características dos serviços prestados pela empresa afastam a possibilidade de redução da frota utilizada e da quilometragem percorrida; a possibilidade de racionalização se limita a um único canal - um melhor aproveitamento da mão de obra (motoristas), por meio da redução das horas ociosas remuneradas sem trabalho produtivo e das horas extras que são pagas com valores maiores que os das horas de trabalho normais; e os planos de racionalização da mão de obra propostos levam a benefícios econômicos significativos. / A study for the rationalization of chartered bus operation serving blue-collar workers and school children is presented in this work. The research started with a comprehensive survey of the services supplied by the company. It was followed by an analysis of the existing operation system in order to identify rationalization strategies that would not worsen the service quality. The development of implementation plans for the selected strategies were the next step of the study along with the evaluation ofthe economic benefits resulting from those plans. A theoretical framework is presented in the first part of the text, in which the problems associated with the rationalization of people and goods transportation is discussed. The concepts of effectiveness and efficacy of chartered bus transport are also treated in the same section. Next, the labor legislation in force (Consolidation of the Labor Laws - C.L.T. and Collective Agreement of the Work of the Category) is reproduced and commented. This law constitutes the legal framework that regulates the workforce optimization, including drivers. Based on the case studied, the main conclusions are: it is difficult to reduce the fleet and the distance traveled by the company due the characteristics of the services supplied - the only way to reduce costs is to make a better use of the workforce (drivers) forcing a reduction of idle and overtime paid hours, which usually have greater values than the normal working hours. Finally, the study shows that the proposed plans for the rationalization of the workforce produce significant economic benefits.

Thesis (Ph.D.)(Industrial Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Canadians have developed a vocabulary of regionalism, a cultural shorthand that divides Canada into easily-described spaces: the Arctic, the Prairies, the Maritimes, and Central Canada, for example. But these artificial divisions obscure the history of edge places whose identity is drawn from more than one region. The region north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, is a place on the edge of the boreal forest whose self-representations, local history, and memorials draw heavily on a non-prairie identity. There, the past is associated with the forest in contrast to most Canadians' understanding of Saskatchewan as flat, treeless prairie. This dissertation presents the history of the north Prince Albert region within a framework that challenges common Saskatchewan and Canadian stereotypes. Through deep-time place history, layers of historical occupation in the study region can be compared and contrasted to show both change and continuity. Historical interpretations have consistently separated the history of Saskatchewans boreal north and prairie south, as if the two have no history of interchange and connection. Using edge theory, this dissertation argues that historical human occupation in the western interior found success in the combination of prairie and boreal lifeways.<p> First Nations groups from both boreal forest and open plain used the forest edge as a refuge, and to enhance resilience through access to resources from the other ecosystem. Newcomer use of the prairie landscape rebranded the boreal north as a place of natural resources to serve the burgeoning prairie market. The prairies could not be settled if there was not also a nearby and extensive source for what the prairies lacked: timber and fuel. Extensive timber harvesting led to deforestation and the rise of agriculture built on the rhetoric of mixed farming, not King Wheat. The mixed farming movement tied to landscape underscored the massive internal migrations from the open prairies to the parkland and forest edge.<p> Soldier settlement, long viewed as a failure, experienced success in the north Prince Albert region and gave a model for future extensive government-supported land settlement schemes. South-to-north migration during the 1920s was based on a combination of push and pull factors: drought in the Palliser Triangle; and a strengthening northern economy built on cordwood, commercial fishing, freighting, prospecting and fur harvesting, as well as mixed farming. The economy at the forest edge supported occupational pluralism, drawing subsistence from both farm and forest, reflecting the First Nations model. As tourism grew to prominence, the Saskatchewan dual identity of prairie/forest led to the re-creation of the north Prince Albert region as a new vacationland, the Playground of the Prairies. The northern forest edge drew thousands of migrants during the Great Depression. Historical analysis has consistently interpreted this movement as frantic, a reactionary idea without precedent. Through a deep-time analysis, the Depression migrations are viewed through a new lens. The forest edge was a historic place of both economic and cultural refuge and resilience predicated on the Saskatchewan contrast of north and south.

Canadians have developed a vocabulary of regionalism, a cultural shorthand that divides Canada into easily-described spaces: the Arctic, the Prairies, the Maritimes, and Central Canada, for example. But these artificial divisions obscure the history of edge places whose identity is drawn from more than one region. The region north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, is a place on the edge of the boreal forest whose self-representations, local history, and memorials draw heavily on a non-prairie identity. There, the past is associated with the forest in contrast to most Canadians' understanding of Saskatchewan as flat, treeless prairie. This dissertation presents the history of the north Prince Albert region within a framework that challenges common Saskatchewan and Canadian stereotypes. Through deep-time place history, layers of historical occupation in the study region can be compared and contrasted to show both change and continuity. Historical interpretations have consistently separated the history of Saskatchewans boreal north and prairie south, as if the two have no history of interchange and connection. Using edge theory, this dissertation argues that historical human occupation in the western interior found success in the combination of prairie and boreal lifeways.<p> First Nations groups from both boreal forest and open plain used the forest edge as a refuge, and to enhance resilience through access to resources from the other ecosystem. Newcomer use of the prairie landscape rebranded the boreal north as a place of natural resources to serve the burgeoning prairie market. The prairies could not be settled if there was not also a nearby and extensive source for what the prairies lacked: timber and fuel. Extensive timber harvesting led to deforestation and the rise of agriculture built on the rhetoric of mixed farming, not King Wheat. The mixed farming movement tied to landscape underscored the massive internal migrations from the open prairies to the parkland and forest edge.<p> Soldier settlement, long viewed as a failure, experienced success in the north Prince Albert region and gave a model for future extensive government-supported land settlement schemes. South-to-north migration during the 1920s was based on a combination of push and pull factors: drought in the Palliser Triangle; and a strengthening northern economy built on cordwood, commercial fishing, freighting, prospecting and fur harvesting, as well as mixed farming. The economy at the forest edge supported occupational pluralism, drawing subsistence from both farm and forest, reflecting the First Nations model. As tourism grew to prominence, the Saskatchewan dual identity of prairie/forest led to the re-creation of the north Prince Albert region as a new vacationland, the Playground of the Prairies. The northern forest edge drew thousands of migrants during the Great Depression. Historical analysis has consistently interpreted this movement as frantic, a reactionary idea without precedent. Through a deep-time analysis, the Depression migrations are viewed through a new lens. The forest edge was a historic place of both economic and cultural refuge and resilience predicated on the Saskatchewan contrast of north and south.