The master's thesis aims to introduce and study the issue of frequency hopping with collsion avoidance (FH/CA). On this basis, design a computer program for simulating the operation of a radio systém FHCA, who works in the band used by other systems FH/CA . This simulation programm using MATLAB software to implement verify the correctness of programs. Use simulator to obtain date about the intensity of interference systems FH/CA for the chosen scenario. This work consists of five parts: the first part consists of describing the queuing system, the second part of the description of the radio frequency system with collision avoidence FH / CA, the third part of the description of the simulation model. The fourth part includes verification of the model in the fifth and last section inspects results are shown.

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Balasubramaniam Natarajan / In recent years, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme has received significant research interest due to its capability of supporting high data rates in hostile environments. As compared to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes, OFDM benefits from low complexity equalization filters and high spectral efficiency. A multiple access implementation of OFDM, i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has been considered as the multiple access (MA) scheme in 3GPP LTE, or LTE advanced downlink. In cellular OFDMA, frequency hopping (FH) is widely used to exploit frequency diversity gain and improve system throughput; and pilot patterns that have low-cross correlation are employed to improve the quality of channel estimation. However, there are numerous unsolved problems that need to be addressed in frequency hopped and pilot assisted OFDMA systems. Surveying the prior works in the literature, we find that limited research efforts have focused on coping with the inherent disadvantages regarding OFDM in cellular OFDMA systems. In this thesis, we employ the so-called residue number system (RNS) arithmetic concentrating on (a) FH pattern design for minimizing/averaging intra/inter-cell interference, (b) pilot pattern design for improving the quality of channel estimation, and (c) pilot pattern design for facilitating time-frequency synchronization and device identification in multi-cell OFDMA. Regarding (a), RNS-based FH patterns not only preserve orthogonality within the same cell, but also have the minimum number of symbol collisions among adjacent cells. Additionally, the RNS-based method exhibits consistent system performance and more frequency diversity gains as compared to previous efforts. With respect to (b), RNS-based pilot pattern design generates more unique pilot patterns than conventional methods. This results in low probability of pilot-to-pilot collisions, which in turn, significantly improves the quality of channel estimation from the system level perspective. For (c), as a special case of linear congruence sequences, RNS-based pilot patterns have good auto-correlation properties, which are extremely helpful in time-frequency synchronization and device identification.

I denna uppsats betraktas två olika bandspridningstekniker och vilken påverkan de har på telekrigsförmågan. Uppsatsen svarar på frågan: Vilka möjligheter finns att bedriva signalspaning och störning mot radiokommunikation som använder bandspridningsteknikerna frekvenshopp eller direktsekvens? Inledningsvis beskrivs en modell för telekrig mot radiokommunikation, ”telekrigcykeln”. Därefter beskrivs principer för ett radiosystem samt de två bandspridningsteknikerna frekvenshopp och direktsekvens. Slutligen analyseras bandspridningsteknikernas påverkan med hjälp av telekrigcykeln och resultaten diskuteras. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att båda signalerna går att spana mot, direktsekvens innebär större svårigheter för signalspaningen än frekvenshopp. Störning av båda signalerna görs bäst med störsändare som befinner sig nära radiomottagaren, dock är det svårt att placera störsändare nära motståndarens mottagare. / This essay examines two spread-spectrum technologies and what their effects are on the electronic warfare ability. The essay seeks to answer this question: What are the possibilities for signals intelligence and communications jamming against radio communications using one of the two spread-spectrum technologies frequency-hopping and direct sequence? The essay initially describes a model for how electronic warfare against radio communication is conducted, “telekrigcykeln”. It then describes the principles of a radio system as well as the two spread-spectrum technologies frequency-hopping and direct sequence. Using the model “telekrigcykeln” the essay finally analyses and discusses the impact of the spread-spectrum technologies. The essay finds that it is possible to conduct signals intelligence towards both signals, however direct sequence pose bigger problems than frequency-hopping. Both signals are easiest to jam using a jammer in close proximity to the radio receiver. However, close-proximity jammers are harder to place close to the opponent’s receiver.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la faisabilité et les performances d'un synthétiseur de fréquences agile pour les transmissions multi-bandes multi-utilisateurs destinées aux systèmes de transmission fournissant un très grand débit tout en répondant aux exigences de faible consommation et d'intégration facile. Dans ce contexte, les solutions classiques de synthétiseur de fréquences ne sont pas applicables et il est nécessaire de développer de nouvelles structures qui génèrent les fréquences centrales en permanence. La commutation d'une fréquence à l'autre peut se faire alors très rapidement par simple modification de la configuration des multiplexeurs. Dans la première partie de ce travail nous nous consacrons à l'analyse d'une telle architecture à fort potentiel. Une partie de sa structure est réalisée en technologie conventionnelle BiCMOS afin de valider sa faisabilité ainsi que le fonctionnement des solutions schématiques développées. Grâce à la caractérisation des composants, une analyse de la structure complète est réalisée. Cependant, la complexité de la structure du synthétiseur proposé fait de sorte qu'il existe pour les fréquences générées un grand nombre de fréquences parasites qui induisent des interférences entre utilisateurs. La réduction de leurs effets sur la transmission est l'objet de la deuxième partie de notre travail. Deux solutions numériques de réduction des interférences sont proposées. Elles permettent de rendre le design de la partie analogique moins contraignant en allégeant le cahier des charges et nous ont ainsi permis de simplifier l'architecture du synthétiseur. / The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility and the performances of a fast switching frequency synthesizer designed for high debit multi-band multi-user transmission and used in transmission systems requiring a low consumption and an easy IC integration. In this context, the use of the classical synthesizer structures does not apply and there is a need to develop new architectures capable of generating all the frequencies permanently. Thus, the switching between frequencies can be easily done by changing multiplexors' state.In the first part of this study, we focus on the analysis of such high potential OL architecture. The main part of the proposed structure is implemented in a conventional BiCMOS technology in order to validate its feasibility and the operation of the developed blocks. Thanks to the measurements of the OL components, a complete analysis of the synthesizer is made. However, the complexity of the architecture of the proposed synthesizer induces the generation of large number of parasitic frequencies, creating interferences between the active users. The reduction of their effect on the transmission is the subject of the second part of the manuscript. Two digital methods are proposed to reduce the interferences. Lowering the requirements on the analog part, they allow a simplified design. This property was used to reduce the complexity of the frequency synthesizer.

The doctoral thesis deals with design of coding for frequency hopping stations in band with intensive jamming. In digital modulations erroneous determination of the modulation state occurs due to jam at the receiver side. The result is erroneously transferred symbols of the message. Errors created during the transmission can be eliminated by using error control systems. It is also possible to prevent these errors by using algorithms (techniques) of frequency hopping which select the appropriate channel. Appropriate communication channel is a channel with a lower probability of erroneous symbol in the message. The main contribution of this thesis is to design a new frequency hopping technique with collision avoidance (FH/CA). The station with FH/CA technique measures signal levels in the considered several channels before every jump. Based on the measurements the most appropriate channel with the lowest value of measured signal level is selected. Therefore, it is more probable that a jump to an unoccupied channel with a transmission will occur. Using a mathematical model, the performance of the newly proposed FH/CA technique is compared with the currently used techniques FH and AFH. Comparison criteria are the probability of a collision between an FH/CA communication system and a static (device transmitting continuously at a fixed frequency) or dynamic jammer (i.e. other FH or AFH systems). By comparing the values of the probability of jammed transmission, indisputable theoretical advantages of the new FH/CA technique were found, compared to the currently used FH and AFH techniques. The FH/CA technique always has better or equal results compared with the FH technique in the case of interference by static and dynamic jammers. The FH/CA technique in a band with static and dynamic jammers usually has better results than the AFH technique. A significant contribution of the FH/CA technique can be seen in the case of dynamic jammers. On the other hand, in the case of static jammers the FH/CA technique is in certain situations worse than the AFH technique. The accuracy of the mathematical models were successfully verified on a simulation model that was created as a part of this thesis in the MATLAB environment. Based on the obtained data from the model there was designed coding for frequency hopping stations with the new technique of frequency hopping FH/CA which is designed for small-volume data transfer in a band with intensive jamming.

In the past decade, the development of wireless communication technologies has made the use of the Internet ubiquitous. With the increasing number of new inventions and applications using wireless communication, more interference is introduced among wireless devices that results in limiting the capacity of wireless networks. Many approaches have been proposed to improve the capacity. One approach is to exploit multiple channels by allowing concurrent transmissions, and therefore it can provide high capacity. Many available, license-exempt, and non-overlapping channels are the main advantages of using this approach. Another approach that increases the network capacity is to adjust the transmission power; hence, it reduces interference among devices and increases the spatial reuse. Integrating both approaches provides further capacity. However, without careful transmission power control (TPC) design, the network performance is limited. The first part of this thesis tackles the integration to efficiently use multiple channels with an effective TPC design in a distributed manner. We examine the deficiency of uncontrolled asymmetrical transmission power in multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a novel distributed transmission power control protocol called the distributed power level (DPL) protocol for multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. DPL allocates different maximum allowable power values to different channels so that the nodes that require higher transmission power are separated from interfering with the nodes that require lower transmission power. As a result, nodes select their channels based on their minimum required transmission power to reduce interference over the channels. We also introduce two TPC modes for the DPL protocol: symmetrical and asymmetrical. For the symmetrical mode, nodes transmit at the power that has been assigned to the selected channel, thereby creating symmetrical links over any channel. The asymmetrical mode, on the other hand, allows nodes to transmit at a power that can be lower than or equal to the power assigned to the selected channel. In the second part of this thesis, we propose the multi-channel MAC protocol with hopping reservation (MMAC-HR) for multi-hop ad hoc networks to overcome the multi-channel exposed terminal problem, which leads to poor channel utilization over multiple channels. The proposed protocol is distributed, does not require clock synchronization, and fully supports broadcasting information. In addition, MMAC-HR does not require nodes to monitor the control channel in order to determine whether or not data channels are idle; instead, MMAC-HR employs carrier sensing and independent slow channel hopping without exchanging information to reduce the overhead. In the last part of this thesis, a novel multi-channel MAC protocol is developed without requiring any change to the IEEE 802.11 standard known as the dynamic switching protocol (DSP) based on the parallel rendezvous approach. DSP utilizes the available channels by allowing multiple transmissions at the same time and avoids congestion because it does not need a dedicated control channel and enables nodes dynamically switch among channels. Specifically, DSP employs two half-duplex interfaces: One interface follows fast hopping and the other one follows slow hopping. The fast hopping interface is used primarily for transmission and the slow hopping interface is used generally for reception. Moreover, the slow hopping interface never deviates from its default hopping sequence to avoid the busy receiver problem. Under single-hop ad hoc environments, an analytical model is developed and validated. The maximum saturation throughput and theoretical throughput upper limit of the proposed protocol are also obtained.

In the past decade, the development of wireless communication technologies has made the use of the Internet ubiquitous. With the increasing number of new inventions and applications using wireless communication, more interference is introduced among wireless devices that results in limiting the capacity of wireless networks. Many approaches have been proposed to improve the capacity. One approach is to exploit multiple channels by allowing concurrent transmissions, and therefore it can provide high capacity. Many available, license-exempt, and non-overlapping channels are the main advantages of using this approach. Another approach that increases the network capacity is to adjust the transmission power; hence, it reduces interference among devices and increases the spatial reuse. Integrating both approaches provides further capacity. However, without careful transmission power control (TPC) design, the network performance is limited. The first part of this thesis tackles the integration to efficiently use multiple channels with an effective TPC design in a distributed manner. We examine the deficiency of uncontrolled asymmetrical transmission power in multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a novel distributed transmission power control protocol called the distributed power level (DPL) protocol for multi-channel ad hoc wireless networks. DPL allocates different maximum allowable power values to different channels so that the nodes that require higher transmission power are separated from interfering with the nodes that require lower transmission power. As a result, nodes select their channels based on their minimum required transmission power to reduce interference over the channels. We also introduce two TPC modes for the DPL protocol: symmetrical and asymmetrical. For the symmetrical mode, nodes transmit at the power that has been assigned to the selected channel, thereby creating symmetrical links over any channel. The asymmetrical mode, on the other hand, allows nodes to transmit at a power that can be lower than or equal to the power assigned to the selected channel. In the second part of this thesis, we propose the multi-channel MAC protocol with hopping reservation (MMAC-HR) for multi-hop ad hoc networks to overcome the multi-channel exposed terminal problem, which leads to poor channel utilization over multiple channels. The proposed protocol is distributed, does not require clock synchronization, and fully supports broadcasting information. In addition, MMAC-HR does not require nodes to monitor the control channel in order to determine whether or not data channels are idle; instead, MMAC-HR employs carrier sensing and independent slow channel hopping without exchanging information to reduce the overhead. In the last part of this thesis, a novel multi-channel MAC protocol is developed without requiring any change to the IEEE 802.11 standard known as the dynamic switching protocol (DSP) based on the parallel rendezvous approach. DSP utilizes the available channels by allowing multiple transmissions at the same time and avoids congestion because it does not need a dedicated control channel and enables nodes dynamically switch among channels. Specifically, DSP employs two half-duplex interfaces: One interface follows fast hopping and the other one follows slow hopping. The fast hopping interface is used primarily for transmission and the slow hopping interface is used generally for reception. Moreover, the slow hopping interface never deviates from its default hopping sequence to avoid the busy receiver problem. Under single-hop ad hoc environments, an analytical model is developed and validated. The maximum saturation throughput and theoretical throughput upper limit of the proposed protocol are also obtained.

Aiming to achieve the better efficiency in the use of bandwidth (spectral efficiency), as well as a compromise with the energy utilized in the process (power efficiency), the service operators are obliged to change the way in which the information is conveyed. The simplicity of the OOK modulation format has always been the main reason for using it in optical communications. Hence, once the coherent technologies had reached the maturity from a commercial point of view, they have become real alternatives to extend the capacity of networks. In this thesis, the performance of single and multirate FFH-OCDMA networks based on coherent modulation formats is addressed. The following modulation formats are assumed: binary and quadrature phase shift keying (BPSK and QPSK). For single rate networks, BPSK or QPSK are used as the modulation format for all users. For multirate networks, on the other hand, BPSK and QPSK modulation formats are employed for low and high rate transmission users, respectively. For both networks, new bit error rate (BER) formalisms regarding the main deleterious source in OCDMA are derived, namely multipleaccess interference (MAI). The mathematical formalism developed here accounts for any kind of users\' signal waveforms (which are accurately accounted for at the desired user\'s receiver). As a result, it can be successfully used to carry out performance analysis of any OCDMA network. Moreover, it is shown that both low and high rate users can surprisingly achieve similar BER levels. In addition, it is demonstrated that incoherent OOK-based networks are not good candidates for future single and multirate FFH-OCDMA implementations in this interference limited scenario. On the other hand, our results pave the way for BPSK- and QPSK -based networks, which are seen as potential candidates for next generation passive optical networks (NG-PON2), where higher data rates and a vast amount of users will be major network requirements. / No intuito de alcançar uma melhor eficiência no uso da largura de banda (eficiência espectral), bem como um compromisso com a energia utilizada no processo de transmissão de informações (eficiência em potência), as operadoras de serviços estão sendo obrigadas a alterar o modo em que a informações estão sendo transmitidas. Neste sentido, a simplicidade do formato de modulação OOK sempre foi a principal razão para a sua utilização em sistemas de comunicações ópticas. Assim, uma vez que a tecnologia coerente tem alcançado a maturidade do ponto de vista comercial, estas são reais alternativas para aumentar a capacidade das redes de comunicação ópticas. Nesta tese, são avaliados os desempenhos de redes FFH-OCDMA convencionais e de múltiplas taxas baseadas em formatos de modulação coerentes. Os seguintes formatos de modulação assumidos são: modulação por chaveamento de fase binário e por quadratura (BPSK e QPSK). Para redes convencionais, BPSK e QPSK são utilizados como formatos de modulação para todos os usuários. Por outro lado, para redes de múltiplas taxas de transmissão, os formatos de modulação BPSK e QPSK são empregados para baixas e altas taxas, respectivamente. Para ambas as redes, foram derivados novos formalismos matemáticos considerando a principal fonte deletéria de desempenho em OCDMA, comumente chamada de MAI, no cálculo da BER. Os formalismos matemáticos desenvolvidos são generalizados para quaisquer tipos de formas de onda empregada nos sinais dos usuários (as quais são contabilizadas precisamente no receptor do usuário de interesse). Como resultados, o formalismo matemático pode ser utilizado com sucesso para realizar a análise de desempenho de qualquer rede OCDMA. Adicionalmente, é demonstrado que ambos os usuários em baixa ou alta taxa de transmissão podem surpreendentemente alcançar níveis similares de BER. Concomitantemente, é observado que redes incoerentes baseadas em OOK não são boas candidatas para implementações convencionais e de múltiplas taxas de transmissão considerando esse cenário limitado por interferência. Por outro lado, os resultados trilham o caminho para redes baseadas em BPSK e QPSK, as quais são potenciais candidatas para a próxima geração de redes ópticas passivas (NG-PON2), onde os maiores requisitos são as altas taxas de transmissão e grande capacidade de inserção simultânea de usuários.

Asynchronous multiplexing schemes are efficient than synchronous schemes, in a bursty traffic environment of multiple access local area network (LAN), as fixed bandwidth is not allocated among the users and there is no access delay. Fiber- Optic Code-Division Multiple Access (FO-CDMA) is one such asynchronous multiplexing scheme suitable for high speed LAN networks. While FO-CDMA offers potential benefits it also faces challenges in three diverse areas which are 1) coding algorithms and schemes 2) advanced encoding and decoding hardware and 3) network architecture. In this thesis, as a solution to the first challenge, we propose the design and construction of a new family of codes, wavelength/time multiple-pulses-per-row (W/T MPR) codes. These codes have good cardinality, spectral efficiency and minimal cross-correlation values. Performance analysis of the W/T MPR codes is carried out and found to be superior to other codes. In unipolar 1-D Optical Orthogonal Codes (OOCs) proposed by Salehi et al., the ratio of code length/code weight grows rapidly as the number of users is increased for a reasonable weight. Hence, for a given pulse width, the data rate decreases or in other words for a given data rate very narrow pulses have to be used, because of which dispersion effects will be dominant. To overcome the drawbacks of non-linear effects in large spread sequences of 1-D unipolar codes in FO-CDMA networks, several two-dimensional codes have been proposed. Wavelength-time (W/T) encoding of the two-dimensional codes is practical in FO-CDMA networks. W/T codes reported so far can be classified mainly into two types: 1) hybrid sequences, where one type of sequence is crossed with another to improve the cardinality and correlation properties and 2) matrix codes, 1-D sequences converted to 2-D codes or 2-D codes by construc- tion, to reduce the ’time’ spread of the sequences/codes. Prime-hop and eqc/prime W/T hybrid codes have been proposed where one type of sequence is crossed with another to improve the cardinality and correlation properties. Other constructions deal with conversion of 1-D sequences to 2-D codes either by using Chinese remainder theorem or folding GoLomb rulers. W/T single-pulse-per-row (W/T SPR) codes are 2-D codes constructed using algebraic method Addition Modulo Group operation. Motivation for this work: To design a family of 2-D codes which have the design choice of length of one dimension over the other, and also have better cardinality, spectral efficiency and also low cross-correlation values (thereby have low BER) than that of the reported unipolar 2-D codes. In this thesis, we describe the design principles of W/T MPR codes, for in- coherent FO-CDMA networks, which have good cardinality, spectral efficiency and minimal cross-correlation values. Another feature of the W/T MPR codes is that the aspect ratio can be varied by trade off between wavelength and temporal lengths. We lay down the necessary conditions to be satisfied by W/T MPR codes to have minimal correlation values of unity. We analytically prove the correlation results and also verify by simulation (of the codes) using Matlab software tool. We also discuss the physical implementation of the W/T MPR FO-CDMA network with optical encoding and decoding. We show analytically that when distinct 1-D OOCs of a family are used as the row vectors of a W/T MPR code, it will have off-peak autocorrelation equal to ‘1’. An expression for the upper bound on the cardinality of W/T MPR codes is derived. We also show that 1-D OOCs and W/T SPR codes are the limiting cases of W/T MPR codes. Starting with distinct 1-D OOCs, of a family, as row vectors, we propose a greedy algorithm, for the construction of W/T MPR codes and present the repre- sentations of the results. An entire W/T MPR code family, generated using greedy algorithm, is simulated for various number of interfering users. Performance analysis of the W/T MPR codes and their limiting cases is carried out for various parameter variations such as the dimensions of wavelength, time and weight of the code. We evaluate the performance in terms of BER, capacities of the networks, temporal lengths needed (to achieve a given BER). Multiple access interference (MAI) signal can be reduced, by using a bistable optical hard-limiter device in the W/T MPR code receiver, by eliminating those signal levels which exceed a certain preset level. Performance analysis of the W/T MPR codes and their limiting cases is studied for various parameter variations. For given wavelength × time dimensions, we compare various W/T codes, whose cardinalities are known, and show that W/T MPR family of codes have better cardinality and spectral efficiency than the other (reported) W/T codes. As W/T MPR codes are superior to other W/T codes in terms of cardinality, spectral efficiency, low peak cross-correlation values and at the same time have good performance, makes it a suitable coding scheme for incoherent FO-CDMA access networks.

Aiming to achieve the better efficiency in the use of bandwidth (spectral efficiency), as well as a compromise with the energy utilized in the process (power efficiency), the service operators are obliged to change the way in which the information is conveyed. The simplicity of the OOK modulation format has always been the main reason for using it in optical communications. Hence, once the coherent technologies had reached the maturity from a commercial point of view, they have become real alternatives to extend the capacity of networks. In this thesis, the performance of single and multirate FFH-OCDMA networks based on coherent modulation formats is addressed. The following modulation formats are assumed: binary and quadrature phase shift keying (BPSK and QPSK). For single rate networks, BPSK or QPSK are used as the modulation format for all users. For multirate networks, on the other hand, BPSK and QPSK modulation formats are employed for low and high rate transmission users, respectively. For both networks, new bit error rate (BER) formalisms regarding the main deleterious source in OCDMA are derived, namely multipleaccess interference (MAI). The mathematical formalism developed here accounts for any kind of users\' signal waveforms (which are accurately accounted for at the desired user\'s receiver). As a result, it can be successfully used to carry out performance analysis of any OCDMA network. Moreover, it is shown that both low and high rate users can surprisingly achieve similar BER levels. In addition, it is demonstrated that incoherent OOK-based networks are not good candidates for future single and multirate FFH-OCDMA implementations in this interference limited scenario. On the other hand, our results pave the way for BPSK- and QPSK -based networks, which are seen as potential candidates for next generation passive optical networks (NG-PON2), where higher data rates and a vast amount of users will be major network requirements. / No intuito de alcançar uma melhor eficiência no uso da largura de banda (eficiência espectral), bem como um compromisso com a energia utilizada no processo de transmissão de informações (eficiência em potência), as operadoras de serviços estão sendo obrigadas a alterar o modo em que a informações estão sendo transmitidas. Neste sentido, a simplicidade do formato de modulação OOK sempre foi a principal razão para a sua utilização em sistemas de comunicações ópticas. Assim, uma vez que a tecnologia coerente tem alcançado a maturidade do ponto de vista comercial, estas são reais alternativas para aumentar a capacidade das redes de comunicação ópticas. Nesta tese, são avaliados os desempenhos de redes FFH-OCDMA convencionais e de múltiplas taxas baseadas em formatos de modulação coerentes. Os seguintes formatos de modulação assumidos são: modulação por chaveamento de fase binário e por quadratura (BPSK e QPSK). Para redes convencionais, BPSK e QPSK são utilizados como formatos de modulação para todos os usuários. Por outro lado, para redes de múltiplas taxas de transmissão, os formatos de modulação BPSK e QPSK são empregados para baixas e altas taxas, respectivamente. Para ambas as redes, foram derivados novos formalismos matemáticos considerando a principal fonte deletéria de desempenho em OCDMA, comumente chamada de MAI, no cálculo da BER. Os formalismos matemáticos desenvolvidos são generalizados para quaisquer tipos de formas de onda empregada nos sinais dos usuários (as quais são contabilizadas precisamente no receptor do usuário de interesse). Como resultados, o formalismo matemático pode ser utilizado com sucesso para realizar a análise de desempenho de qualquer rede OCDMA. Adicionalmente, é demonstrado que ambos os usuários em baixa ou alta taxa de transmissão podem surpreendentemente alcançar níveis similares de BER. Concomitantemente, é observado que redes incoerentes baseadas em OOK não são boas candidatas para implementações convencionais e de múltiplas taxas de transmissão considerando esse cenário limitado por interferência. Por outro lado, os resultados trilham o caminho para redes baseadas em BPSK e QPSK, as quais são potenciais candidatas para a próxima geração de redes ópticas passivas (NG-PON2), onde os maiores requisitos são as altas taxas de transmissão e grande capacidade de inserção simultânea de usuários.