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The general problem of an anticrack, present in a simple domain and subject to general remote loading is solved using distributed line forces, acting as strain nuclei, along the line of the anticrack. Subsequently, both dislocations and point forces are used as strain nuclei to achieve mixed boundary value conditions. The influence function for a pair of forces applied to the faces of a semi-infinite notch is found and finally this is used to find the true closure length and interfacial contact pressure. When a sharp-edged indenter is pressed into a half plane material in the half-plane is displaced and 'laps around' the edges of the punch, possibly making contact with the side faces. This phenomenon is quantified within (coupled) half-plane theory, and applied first to an idealised indenter having the cross section of a trapezium, and then to a semi-infinite indenter. The latter allows an asymptotic form to be found which, through a generalised stress intensity factor may be collocated into the edge of any notionally sharp-edged indentation problem. The effect of surface strains on the local slip angle, when an infinite cylinder is slid skew-wise across an elastically similar half-plane is found. It is shown that local frictional orthogonality is not completely consistent with global orthogonality. The problems of a square-ended and an almost square-ended rigid punch sliding with both plane and anti-plane velocity components are studied. It is shown that, for a truly complete contact, if the contacting body is incompressible, convection effects are absent. Introducing either: (a) local rounding or (b) finite compressibility of the contacting body into the problem introduces convection, giving rise to an inconsistency between the global and local requirement of the orthogonal friction law. The state of stress in a three-quarter-plane undergoing antiplane shear deformation is studied, due to the presence of a screw dislocation along one of the projection lines extending from the free surfaces. A simple, accurate formula for the state of stress along the line is found, providing a useful kernel for the solution of crack and contact edge slip problems. The state of stress induced in an axi-symmetric solid formed from a half-space and a bonded semi-infinite rod, by a family of ring dislocations of arbitrary Burgers vector is found. Particular care is given to the interaction between the Cauchy singularity near the dislocation core and the geometric singularity at the rod/half-space junction. Torsional contact between a semi-infinite elastic rod with square ends and an elastically similar half-space was then solved using the ring dislocations as influence functions. This provides an excellent illustration of the imposition of orthogonality condition for a complete contact.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Richard Neu. / Johnson, Steven, Committee Member ; McDowell, David, Committee Member ; Neu, Richard, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.

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A study has been conducted to determine whether or not tribopolymerization can occur under conditions of fretting contact. Using a laboratory test consisting of oscillating hard steel balls loaded against flat steel or aluminum disks, effects of various monomers on friction, wear, and surface film formation were determined. Monomers, capable of polymerizing either by polycondensation or addition processes, were used at 1 % concentration in hexadecane. Under the conditions used (90N load, 65Hz frequency, 200μm peak-to-peak amplitude, 1 hour), the monomers tested reduced friction or wear or both. Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIRM) analysis of the test specimens shows that organic material is present in the wear scar regions and depends on the metal used, the monoester structure, location on the disk, and the method of cleaning the surface after a test. With aluminum-on-steel the addition of I % styrene to hexadecane reduced the wear volume of the disk by over 650/0; furthermore, positive evidence of polystyrene was found via FTIRM. These results support the hypothesis proposed by Kajdas that addition-type tribopolymerization can be initiated by exo-electron emission. Under these conditions of expected relatively low surface temperatures, tribopolymerization does not occur with polycondensation-type compounds such as the C₃₆ dimer acid/ethylene glycol monoester. With this additive, known to be extremely effective in reducing wear at higher surface temperatures, effects on wear were small and no positive evidence of polymerization was found; however, metal soaps formed under these conditions. / Master of Science

Fretting corrosion is a form of wear which occurs at the interface of two contacting solid materials as the result of small, relative vibratory motion. It is generally identified by the presence of a red oxide, Fe203. Previously, the majority of the investigators studied the fretting corrosion between two flat specimens or between a single ball and a flat plate held in contact by a normal force. There are a number of interrelated influencing factors involved in fretting corrosion including: the vibration frequency and amplitude, the environmental conditions, the characteristics of the material, and the type of lubrication. The present investigation was conducted in order to investigate the effects of frequency and amplitude of axial vibration and the consequent accelerations acting to produce fretting damage within an unlubricated instrument ball bearing. The effect of bearing axial play on the fretting damage was also examined. The reproducibility of the damage resulting from these variables was determined. / Ph. D.

Les vibrations issues du fonctionnement d'un véhicule automobile (moteur, route) sont transmises aux connecteurs électriques. Ces vibrations peuvent induire des déplacements relatifs entre certains des composants du connecteur à l’interface de contact. Les éléments en contact sont de diverses formes et diverses natures dont une partie femelle (dite clip) dans laquelle s’introduit une partie mâle (dite languette). Or, un déplacement relatif de quelques micromètres entre le clip et la languette est suffisant pour dégrader et ce de manière irréversible, l'interface de la zone de contact électrique (phénomène de fretting-corrosion). Il est donc nécessaire de connaître le comportement vibratoire interne d'un connecteur i.e. des connectiques pour préconiser sa meilleure son utilisation au sein d'un véhicule. Un banc d'essai sur pot vibrant a été réalisé dans le but de caractériser le comportement vibratoire d'un connecteur soumis à un profil vibratoire. Les mesures ont été réalisées par tribométrie en réalisant des orifices d'accès au clip et à la languette. De là, l'analyse des vibrations induites a mis en évidence des directions de déplacement multi-axiales des composants du connecteur et notamment celles d’un support du clip dit porte-clip, et ce malgré une vibration dont la direction est mono-axiale. L'analyse a également mis en évidence une correspondance vibratoire entre le clip et le porte-clip ainsi que des phénomènes de résonances. De là, une première approche sur une modélisation numérique, basée sur un système masse-ressort-amortisseur, a été proposée. Cette analyse permet de caractériser le comportement vibratoire général d'un connecteur sans dépendre du type de vibration appliquée. C'est une nouvelle approche dans la caractérisation de connecteurs électriques utilisés dans l’industrie automobile. Les éléments en contact d’un connecteur sont revêtus de matériaux qui les protègent des dégradations mécaniques et chimiques. Ces revêtements (de quelques micromètres d’épaisseur) peuvent être des matériaux nobles (or, argent,…) ou non nobles (étain, …). Le déplacement relatif entre un clip étamé et une languette étamée engendre la formation d'un troisième corps à l'interface de contact. Ce troisième corps est composé de débris oxydés qui perturbent la conduction des charges électriques. L'utilisation d'une atmosphère de di-azote (N2) et l’analyse de la tension de contact en fonction de l'emplacement du clip par rapport à la languette ont mis en évidence la dynamique des débris oxydés avec notamment leur évacuation hors de la zone de contact. De plus, l'analyse d'une zone de contact dégradée à la microsonde nucléaire a permis de doser l'oxygène et de mettre en valeur deux types d'oxydes de cuivre. Ces caractérisations permettent de mieux comprendre le phénomène de fretting-corrosion et ses conséquences. / Vibrations are generating from an operating vehicule (motor, road). Then, they are transmitted to electrical connectors. Therefor, these vibrations can induce relative displacements between some of the connector components. The components for the electrical contact are the female part (called a clip) and the male part (called the tongue).These components are coated with materials that protect them from mechanical and chemical degradation. These coatings (a few micrometers thick) can be noble materials (gold, silver,...) or not noble (tin). A relative displacement of a few micrometers between the clip and the tongue is sufficient to irreversibly degrade the interface of the electrical contact zone by fretting-corrosion phenomenon. It is therefore necessary to know the internal vibratory behavior of connectors in order to recommend its best use for a vehicle.A test bench is carried out in order to characterize the vibratory behavior of a connector subjected to a vibratory profile. The measurements are carried out by vibrometry by making holes access for the clip and the tongue. From there, the analysis of the induced vibrations has revealed multi-axial directions displacements of the components of the connector and in particulary the clip holder (external support of the clip), despite a vibration whose direction is mono-axial.The analysis also showed a vibratory correspondence between the clip and the clip holder and resonance phenomena. From there, a first approach on a numerical modeling, based on a system mass-spring-damper, has been proposed. This analysis makes it possible to characterize the general vibratory behavior of a connector without depending on the type of vibration applied. This is a new approach in the characterization of electrical connectors used in the automotive industry.The relative movement between the clip and the tongue induce formation of a third body at the contact interface. This third body is composed of tin oxidized remains which disturb the conduction of electrical charges due to their electrcail insulating characteristic. The use of a nitrogen atmosphere and the analysis of the contact voltage as a function of the location of the clip relative to the tongue have demonstrated the dynamics of the oxidized debris with, in particular, their evacuation out of the contact area. Moreover, the analysis by a nuclear microprobe of a zone degraded contact area enable the measurement of oxygen concentration. The results hilight two types of copper oxides. These characterizations make it possible to better understand the phenomenon of fretting-corrosion and its consequences.

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