Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-206). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 33).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-235).

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF John Goodloe, for the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering, presented on April 13, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: STANDARDIZED SUB-SCALE DYNAMOMETER SCALING METHOD FOR TRANSIT AND FREIGHT TRAIN APPLICATIONS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Peter Filip Dynamometers are machines that are used in several industries for measuring force, torque, or power of a mechanism. These devices are in fact very useful in the friction material industry. Friction materials are created and then tested on dynamometers to analyze physical properties such as the dynamic coefficient of friction of the material based upon its retarding force against the wheel or disc, which is mounted to the dynamometer drive shaft. Dynamometer testing is expensive and often time consuming. Sub-scale dynamometers may be used to reduce cost, time, and material use while providing similar test results by implementing a proper scaling method. There are several scaling methods, but this approach will use surface analysis and the energy dispersed per surface contact area strategy to verify the testing conditions of both sub-scale and full scale testing. Since lab analysis costs are expensive, the project budget is restricted to analyzing the maximum of 1 full-scale disc and pad specimen and 2 subscale disc and pad sets. The test results are expected to prove that when the surface conditions of the analyzed specimens agree to each other, the dynamometer test results will also agree. Due to restrictions with budget and time the fastest and most effective way to test this hypothesis is by creating the baseline on the full-scale and then adjusting the scaling on the subscale dynamometer until similar results are given. Once similar dynamometer test results are obtained, the material specimens can be analyzed in the lab. Testing will continue as long as necessary, and if the expected results are not obtained, the results will still be tested for analysis and compared to the baseline. The results are expected to show that two separate machines may provide similar surface conditions for testing, as well as similar dynamometer test results for any given friction material. However, if the expected results cannot be obtained, then it may still prove that without matching the surface layer conditions while testing, the dynamometers recorded test results will not match either, which is in agreeance with the hypothesis.

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of aluminium alloys has been used to modify and improve the microstructure and relevant properties of fusion welded aluminium alloys. The effect of FSP on MIG-Laser Hybrid (MLH) welded aluminium alloy 6082-T6 mechanical and microstructural properties has been studied in this research. The FSP process was used on 6mm thick aluminium alloy plates and a tool was designed specifically for FSP, and the effect of varying speeds was analysed before the final FSP welds were made. The effect of FSP was analysed by optical microscopy, tensile, microhardness and fatigue testing. The aim of the study was to determine whether the FSP process has a beneficial influence on the mechanical properties and metallurgical integrity of MIG-Laser Hybrid welded 6082-T6 aluminium alloy with varying gap tolerances. Three welding processes were compared, namely combined Friction Stir Processing on MIG-Laser hybrid process (FSP-MLH), MLH and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) as part of the analysis. (FSP was carried out on MLH components when it was found that FSP is not an entirely complete welding process but rather a finishing process per se.) The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of the FSP process on the weld quality of MLH welded joints and also to compare this to individual processes like FSW and MLH. This investigation was undertaken in order to gain an understanding of the effect of these processes on fatigue performance and microhardness distribution on aluminium alloy 6082-T6 weld joints.

Les phénomènes de contact (rugosité, frottement, usure, etc.) sont importants dans le fonctionnement des freins à friction. Ils peuvent influencer leurs performances en modifiant l'état de surface et des matériaux. Afin de cerner ce problème, les industriels se basent sur des méthodes de type essai/erreur qui sont coûteuses et peu efficaces face aux exigences actuelles.L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une alternative consistant à modéliser numériquement les systèmes, tels qu'un frein à friction, avec des hypothèses réalistes au niveau du contact contrairement aux approches classiques considérant le contact parfait. Ce challenge a été surmonté en développant une stratégie numérique associant un modèle macroscopique du système et plusieurs modèles micro traitant les phénomènes de contact. La modélisation microscopique du contact est faite grâce à des modèles thermique et mécanique considérant la rugosité. Le problème est résolu avec des techniques d'optimisation. Le cas d'un matériau à gradient de propriétés normal à la surface et l'usure sont aussi considérés. A partir de ces calculs, les paramètres de contact (pression, température, etc.) sont analysés en fonction des propriétés de surface et du matériau. Ensuite, le modèle macroscopique est enrichi avec ces paramètres tout en conservant la planéité des surfaces en contact. Avec cette technique, le temps de calcul est réduit en comparaison à des calculs Éléments Finis complets. Cette stratégie multi-échelle a été adoptée pour l'analyse dynamique et thermo-mécanique des freins. Les résultats des simulations numériques montrent l'impact de l'interface et de son évolution sur les performances du frein et vice-versa. / Contact phenomena (roughness, friction, wear, etc.) are central to friction brake functioning as they lead to the modification of surface and material properties which may affect the braking performances. To address these issues, the manufacturers use an experimental approach based on feedback tests which is expensive and inefficient against the current requirements.The objective of this work is to propose an alternative based on numerical modeling of applications like brakes with realistic assumptions at the contact interface level, unlike the classical approaches that assume a perfect contact. This challenge has been overcome by building a numerical methodology associating a large scale model of the system and several micro scale models of contact phenomena. The micro scale contact modeling has been performed with thermal and mechanical models considering roughness. The problem is solved by means of constrained quadratic programming. A normal gradient of material properties and wear have also been considered. From this analysis, surface parameters (pressure, temperature,etc.) are analyzed depending on roughness and material properties. Thereafter, a Finite Element large scale model is embedded with these parameters while the surface is flat at this scale. With this technique, the CPU time is considerably reduced and the precision is maintained in comparison to classical Finite Element calculations. This multi-scale methodology has been used for dynamic and thermo-mechanical analyses of braking systems. The results of numerical simulations highlight the impact of the contact interface and its evolution on the system behavior, and vice versa.

Energy transformation at the friction interface of a brake has been studied in a system where resin bonded composite friction material is applied to a metal mating body. A time-step simulation of braking friction was developed using finite element techniques, based upon the PAFEC 75 program, combining calculations of interface contact, pressure and friction force distributions with transient temperature analysis. Only compressive normal forces and tangential friction forces are transmitted across the interface, and these were assumed to be related by Amontons' Laws; the coefficient of friction so defined being considered constant for the purposes of the analyses presented.

Pas de résumé / Friction is scientifically interesting and technologically important. We can characterize friction well, but even the friction force between macroscopic surfaces of known chemistry and topography under known loading conditions cannot yet be predicted from the bottom up. A major obstacle to predicting frictional properties is to link the macroscopic observations to the behavior of the myriad microscopic connections that make up the interaction.The onset of frictional sliding occurs through the breaking of the contacts that were keeping the interface stuck. Recent experiments performed with high spatial and temporal resolution show that rupture nucleates at weak or highly stressed points and propagates outwards from there. Understanding how the rupture travels is an important step towards understanding friction. This thesis presents simulations and theory aimed at improving our understanding of this onset of sliding in dry friction systems. The principal model combines 2D elasticity with an asperity level description of the interface and reproduces and explains many of the experimental results. Analytical calculations provide additional insights.