Spelling suggestions: "subject:"brist"" "subject:"wrist""
11 |
Die Bedeutung von EG-Richtlinien im Zeitraum vor Ablauf der Umsetzungsfrist : Wirkungen für die nationale Rechtsordnung /Koller, Doris. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Regensburg, 2003.
|
12 |
Profilo di una sistematica sulle limitazioni temporali dei diritti /Salvioni, Sergio. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. Univ. Bern, 1951. / Tesi di laurea diritto Berna, 1951, con ulteriori considerazioni aggiuntive. Bibliogr.
|
13 |
A theory of objects and visibility. A link between relative analysis and alternative set theoryO'Donovan, Richard 07 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The theory presented here stemmed from years of teaching analysis at pre-university level first using the concept of infinitesimal as defined in nonstandard analysis by Robinson, then the concept of ultrasmall as defined in our joint work with Hrbacek and Lessmann presented in the appendix. This research led to the question : If one has finite yet ultralarge quantities, is it possible to avoid infinite quantities ? The alternative set theory of Vopěnka is a theory of finite sets including classes that can be infinite. The theory of objects is a merger of certain axioms of Vopěnka with axioms that determine levels of visibility as in relative analysis. We took as first principle : $x\subseteq y\Rightarrow x\sqsubseteq y$, which specifies that if object $x$ is included in object $y$, then $x$ "appears" at the level of $y$. This statement would be false with infinite quantities and is in fact a characterisation of finite sets : this is a well-known theorem of nonstandard analysis. The introduction of this principle as starting point is making a strong point that all objects will be finite - in the usual sense of the word. The other founding axiom is Gordon and Andreev's axiom schema : If $\Phi$ is a formula, and if $\Phi(\emptyset)$ is true and that $\Phi(x)$ and $\Phi(y)$ imply $\Phi(x\cup\{y\})$, then $\Phi(x)$ is true for all $x$. An emphasis is made on the concept of contextual formulae. This concept is one of our contributions to relative analysis of Hrbacek and determines an equivalence to well-formed formulae. We show that the resulting system is relatively consistent with Hrbacek's FRIST and Péraire's RIST which are conservative extensions of ZFC. The theory of objects extends set theory of Zermelo and Fraenkel without choice and with negation of the infinity axiom. Integers and rationals are defined and endowed with an ultraproximity relation. A draft of a construction of "numeric grains" is presented : these numbers could prove to have properties sufficiently similar to real numbers to allow to perform analysis.
|
14 |
Evaluation of mini-grid versus stand-alone projects: a tool for decision-making on household connections in last-mile rural electrification projectsNoguera Alonso, Irene January 2022 (has links)
Electrification of isolated rural areas in developing countries is a key action for the total eradication of energy poverty. A growing number of authors argue that this electrification should be done with distributed energy systems that combine different renewable energy sources, rather than trying to reach these communities with grid extensions. This is evidenced by numerous projects that have been carried out over the last years in different developing countries with different needs, climatic conditions and resources. These projects have very scarce resources and therefore need to be optimised. To do so, it would be very important to standardise their design, but this is very difficult as there are many variables involved. One of the most common design decisions that remains to be standardised is the question: What is the best way to bring the electricity supply to all the houses in the rural area being electrified? This Master Thesis has worked on solving this question by developing a prefeasibility tool which includes a mathematical model of the energy dispatch which minimizes the OPEX, a function which calculates the CAPEX and a final function which obtains the LCOE of the system by using the outputs of the forementioned model and tool. The tool has been implemented into the programming language Julia. Some of the parameters that need to be input to the model are the number of households, geographical distances between households, types of cables, transformers, generation technologies installed powers, among others. Besides, once the tool has been developed a series of tryouts and analysis have been carried out to confirm the robustness of the tool as well as to learn more about the behaviour of the costs structure. By carrying out the analysis of the results, the tool has successfully proven its validity. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to answer questions like which is the cheapest option, keeping a household isolated from the clusters or creating a stand-alone system for it? To sum up, as it has been said, this thesis has tried to answer the question settled previously with the aim of creating a useful and standard tool that could help other similar projects in their decision-making processes. / Elektrifiering av isolerade landsbygdsområden i utvecklingsländer är en nyckelåtgärd för att totalt utrota energifattigdomen. Ett växande antal författare hävdar att denna elektrifiering bör göras med distribuerade energisystem som kombinerar olika förnybara energikällor, snarare än att försöka nå dessa samhällen med nätutbyggnader. Det vittnar om ett flertal projekt som har genomförts under de senaste åren i olika utvecklingsländer med olika behov, klimatförhållanden och resurser. Dessa projekt har mycket knappa resurser och behöver därför optimeras. För att göra det skulle det vara mycket viktigt att standardisera deras design, men detta är mycket svårt eftersom det finns många variabler inblandade. Ett av de vanligaste designbesluten som återstår att standardisera är frågan: Vad är det bästa sättet att få elförsörjningen till alla hus på landsbygden som elektrifieras? Denna masteruppsats har arbetat med att lösa denna fråga genom att utveckla ett prefeasibility-verktyg som inkluderar en matematisk modell av energisändningen som minimerar OPEX, en funktion som beräknar CAPEX och en slutlig funktion som erhåller LCOE för systemet genom att använda utdata från den tidigare nämnda modellen och verktyget. Verktyget har implementerats i programmeringsspråket Julia. Några av parametrarna som behöver matas in i modellen är bland annat antalet hushåll, geografiska avstånd mellan hushållen, typer av kablar, transformatorer, genereringsteknik installerad kraft. När verktyget har utvecklats har dessutom en serie tester och analyser genomförts för att bekräfta verktygets robusthet samt för att lära sig mer om hur kostnadsstrukturen fungerar. Genom att genomföra analysen av resultaten har verktyget framgångsrikt bevisat sin giltighet. Dessutom har en känslighetsanalys genomförts för att svara på frågor som vilket år det billigaste alternativet, hålla ett hushåll isolerat från klustren eller skapa ett fristående system för det? Sammanfattningsvis, som det har sagts, har denna avhandling försökt besvara den tidigare ställda frågan i syfte att skapa ett användbart och standardverktyg som skulle kunna hjälpa andra liknande projekt i deras beslutsprocesser.
|
Page generated in 0.04 seconds