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The aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out the influence of fungicide and increased amount of nitrogen on the yield components of oat. The dissertation is divided into a literary overview and the thesis as such. In 2018 a pilot research was made on the land of a farm located in the district of Tábor. Atego oat was grown in four variants there: a control variant, a variant fertilized by nitrogen (without the usage of fungicide), a variant comprising fungicide application (without nitrogen fertilization) and a variant including both nitrogen fertilization and fungicide application. The highest theoretical yield was registered in the variant which contained fungicide as well as nitrogen. Regarding the yield components of oat, the highest number of plants and panicles was registered in the variant fertilized by nitrogen (without the usage of fungicide); the highest number of stolons and the maximum weight of one thousand grains was measured in the variant including both nitrogen fertilization and fungicide application. Finally, the highest number of grains in a panicle was obtained from a control variant.

<p>Syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka om det är möjligt att använda en fungicid vid odling av celler från Oncidium crispum, för att slippa kontaminering av mykorrhizasvamp. Kontaminering från denna sorts svamp har i tidigare försök varit ett stort promlem. I undersökningen användes fungiciden Nystain. Ett första försök gjordes för att testa om Nystatin hade effekt på den aktuella svampen. På näringsmedium fick hyfer från mykorrhizasvampen växa mot ett filterpapper indränkt i Nystatinlösning med olika koncentrationer. Som kontroll användes filterpapper indränkta i vatten och 20 % etanol. Efter 72 h mättes hur nära svampen växt pappret eller om den växt över pappret. Det kunde konstateras att Nystatin vid den starkaste koncentrationen hindrade svampens framväxt. Där stannade svampen innan pappret i större utsträckning än hos de lägre koncentrationerna. Av första försöket drogs därför slutsatsen att Nystatin hämmar mykorrhizasvampen. I ett andra försök doppades explantat från Oncidium crispum i en lösning av Nystatin i olika koncentrationer, som kontroll användes vatten och 20 % etanol. Explantaten lades på MS-medium med hormonerna auxin och cytokinin. Vid den starkaste koncentrationen av Nystatin hämmades tillväxten av svamphyfer fullständigt. Däremot kunde ingen kallustillväxt urskiljas hos något av explantaten. Som kontroll för att försäkra sig om att Nystainet inte påverkade växtmaterialet negativt gjordes andra delen av försöket även med Stapelia grandiflora, ett växtmaterial som är känt för att lätt kunna bilda kallus. Kallustillväxten var fullständig hos kontrollen med vatten, hos de övriga lösningarna var kallustillväxten tyvärr mycket begränsad.</p> / <p>The purpose of this project was to examine if it’s possible to use a fungicide when growing cells from Oncidium crispum, to avoid the contamination of mycorrhizafungus. The contamination from this kind of fungus has been a big problem in earlier experiments. The fungicide used in the experiment was Nystatin. In a first experiment the effect of Nystatin against the mycorrhizafungus was tested. On a nutrient medium hyphae from the mycorrhizafungus were growing towards a paper disc soaked with a solution of Nystatin in different concentration. Paper discs soaked with water and 20 % ethanol were used as a reference. After 72 h it was measured how close the hyphae has got to the paper disc or if it had grown over the paper. It was established that the strongest concentration of Nystatin inhibited the growth of hyphae, in this concentration it stopped growing before it came to the paper disc in a greater extent then by the other concentrations. Therefore the conclusion was drawn, that Nystatin inhibits growth of the mycorrhizafungus. In a second experiment explants from Oncidium crispum were dipped in a solution of Nystatin in different concentrations, water and 20 % ethanol was used as a reference. The explants were placed on a MS-medium with the hormones auxin and cytokinin. By the strongest concentration of Nystatin there was no growth of hyphae. Callus formation couldn’t be distinguished by any of the explants. To make sure that Nystatin did not have a bad influence on the plant material the second part of the experiment was also performed on Stapelia grandiflora, a plant material that is known for its ability to form callus. In the reference with water the callus formation was complete, but in the other solutions the callus formation was very limited.</p>

Syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka om det är möjligt att använda en fungicid vid odling av celler från Oncidium crispum, för att slippa kontaminering av mykorrhizasvamp. Kontaminering från denna sorts svamp har i tidigare försök varit ett stort promlem. I undersökningen användes fungiciden Nystain. Ett första försök gjordes för att testa om Nystatin hade effekt på den aktuella svampen. På näringsmedium fick hyfer från mykorrhizasvampen växa mot ett filterpapper indränkt i Nystatinlösning med olika koncentrationer. Som kontroll användes filterpapper indränkta i vatten och 20 % etanol. Efter 72 h mättes hur nära svampen växt pappret eller om den växt över pappret. Det kunde konstateras att Nystatin vid den starkaste koncentrationen hindrade svampens framväxt. Där stannade svampen innan pappret i större utsträckning än hos de lägre koncentrationerna. Av första försöket drogs därför slutsatsen att Nystatin hämmar mykorrhizasvampen. I ett andra försök doppades explantat från Oncidium crispum i en lösning av Nystatin i olika koncentrationer, som kontroll användes vatten och 20 % etanol. Explantaten lades på MS-medium med hormonerna auxin och cytokinin. Vid den starkaste koncentrationen av Nystatin hämmades tillväxten av svamphyfer fullständigt. Däremot kunde ingen kallustillväxt urskiljas hos något av explantaten. Som kontroll för att försäkra sig om att Nystainet inte påverkade växtmaterialet negativt gjordes andra delen av försöket även med Stapelia grandiflora, ett växtmaterial som är känt för att lätt kunna bilda kallus. Kallustillväxten var fullständig hos kontrollen med vatten, hos de övriga lösningarna var kallustillväxten tyvärr mycket begränsad. / The purpose of this project was to examine if it’s possible to use a fungicide when growing cells from Oncidium crispum, to avoid the contamination of mycorrhizafungus. The contamination from this kind of fungus has been a big problem in earlier experiments. The fungicide used in the experiment was Nystatin. In a first experiment the effect of Nystatin against the mycorrhizafungus was tested. On a nutrient medium hyphae from the mycorrhizafungus were growing towards a paper disc soaked with a solution of Nystatin in different concentration. Paper discs soaked with water and 20 % ethanol were used as a reference. After 72 h it was measured how close the hyphae has got to the paper disc or if it had grown over the paper. It was established that the strongest concentration of Nystatin inhibited the growth of hyphae, in this concentration it stopped growing before it came to the paper disc in a greater extent then by the other concentrations. Therefore the conclusion was drawn, that Nystatin inhibits growth of the mycorrhizafungus. In a second experiment explants from Oncidium crispum were dipped in a solution of Nystatin in different concentrations, water and 20 % ethanol was used as a reference. The explants were placed on a MS-medium with the hormones auxin and cytokinin. By the strongest concentration of Nystatin there was no growth of hyphae. Callus formation couldn’t be distinguished by any of the explants. To make sure that Nystatin did not have a bad influence on the plant material the second part of the experiment was also performed on Stapelia grandiflora, a plant material that is known for its ability to form callus. In the reference with water the callus formation was complete, but in the other solutions the callus formation was very limited.

Resumo: O presente trabalho foi conduzido no município de Presidente Prudente, SP, no Pólo Alta Sorocabana-APTA, de 2004 a 2006, em pomar experimental com seis cultivares de pessegueiros: Talismã, Aurora-2, Tropical, Dourado-2, Doçura-2 e Aurora-1, sobre os portaenxertos Okinawa e Umê. Teve como objetivos avaliar a fenologia, caracterizar fisica e quimicamente os frutos e avaliar os aspectos fitossanitários dos pessegueiros no tocante às moscas-das-frutas, ácaros e mariposa oriental, de maneira a obter subsídios que possam auxiliar o desenvolvimento da fruticultura regional. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por uma planta. Determinou-se a duração dos estádios fenológicos através de avaliações semanais, ocasião em que também observou-se a ocorrência de aborto de frutos e estabeleceram-se as curvas de crescimento. As características fisicas dos frutos, massa, comprimento e diâmetro sutural, produção por planta e por área, bem como Sólidos solúveis e Acidez titulável, foram determinadas por ocasião da colheita. Foi também realizado levantamento da população de ácaros fitófagos e predadores e moscas-das-frutas através de coletas semanais e infestação em frutos maduros. A infestação de mariposa oriental foi avaliada por levantamentos em quatro épocas, de 2004 a 2006. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: O florescimento das cultivares de pessegueiros enxertadas sobre os dois porta-enxertos estudados ocorreu no intervalo de 5-8 dias após a quebra da dormência, exceto 'Talismã' aos 12 dias, em 2004 e 2006. O ciclo das cultivares enxertadas sobre 'Okinawa' em 2004 e 2006 e sobre Umê em 2006 foi de 110 dias para 'Tropical', 138 para 'Aurora-2', 'Dourado-2' e 'Doçura-2' e 146 para ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present work was lead in the President Prudente city, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006 with the objective of evaluating the phenology and characterizing the chemical and physical properties of fruits on the following peach cultivars: Talismã, Aurora-2, Tropical, Dourado-2, Doçura-2 and Aurora-1, on two rootstocks (Okinawa and Umê). In order to provide useful information for the regional fruit crop development, phytosanitary aspects of peach trees related to fruit flies, mites and oriental fruit moth were also evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The phenological stage was determined weekly, along with the evaluation of the occurrence of fruit abortion. The physical characteristics of fruits, mass, length and suture diameter of fruits, production per plant and per area, as well as soluble solids and titratable acidity, were determined on the occasion of harvest. The population of phytophagous and predaceous mites and fruit flies were evaluated weekly. Oriental fruit moth infestations were estimated in four periods from 2004 to 2006. The results indicated that the full blossom of peach cultivars on both rootstocks occurred in 5-8 interval after the dormancy breaking; and the fructification period varied according to the cultivar. The period from blossom to harvest for the cultivars on 'Okinawa' in 2004 and 2006, and on Umê in 2006 was 110 days 'Tropical', 138 for 'Aurora-2', ' Dourado-2 ' and ' Doçura-2 ' and 146 for ' Talismã '. High percentage of abortion was observed during the stage I of fruit development. The growth curves of fruits were in a double sigmoid pattern for all cultivars. Talismã and Dourado-2 cultivars produced fruits with the biggest values of mass, length and sutural diameter, on ' Okinawa ' and Umê. The highest yields per area were obtained for ' Talismã '...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Coorientador: Adalton Raga / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Pedro César dos Santos / Banca: Miguel Francisco de Souza Filho / Banca: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 montes_smnm_dr_ilha.pdf: 3140045 bytes, checksum: 51889bc5ab96aaa6ee380935d27efcc0 (MD5) / O presente trabalho foi conduzido no município de Presidente Prudente, SP, no Pólo Alta Sorocabana-APTA, de 2004 a 2006, em pomar experimental com seis cultivares de pessegueiros: Talismã, Aurora-2, Tropical, Dourado-2, Doçura-2 e Aurora-1, sobre os portaenxertos Okinawa e Umê. Teve como objetivos avaliar a fenologia, caracterizar fisica e quimicamente os frutos e avaliar os aspectos fitossanitários dos pessegueiros no tocante às moscas-das-frutas, ácaros e mariposa oriental, de maneira a obter subsídios que possam auxiliar o desenvolvimento da fruticultura regional. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por uma planta. Determinou-se a duração dos estádios fenológicos através de avaliações semanais, ocasião em que também observou-se a ocorrência de aborto de frutos e estabeleceram-se as curvas de crescimento. As características fisicas dos frutos, massa, comprimento e diâmetro sutural, produção por planta e por área, bem como Sólidos solúveis e Acidez titulável, foram determinadas por ocasião da colheita. Foi também realizado levantamento da população de ácaros fitófagos e predadores e moscas-das-frutas através de coletas semanais e infestação em frutos maduros. A infestação de mariposa oriental foi avaliada por levantamentos em quatro épocas, de 2004 a 2006. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: O florescimento das cultivares de pessegueiros enxertadas sobre os dois porta-enxertos estudados ocorreu no intervalo de 5-8 dias após a quebra da dormência, exceto 'Talismã' aos 12 dias, em 2004 e 2006. O ciclo das cultivares enxertadas sobre 'Okinawa' em 2004 e 2006 e sobre Umê em 2006 foi de 110 dias para 'Tropical', 138 para 'Aurora-2', 'Dourado-2' e 'Doçura-2' e 146 para... / The present work was lead in the President Prudente city, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006 with the objective of evaluating the phenology and characterizing the chemical and physical properties of fruits on the following peach cultivars: Talismã, Aurora-2, Tropical, Dourado-2, Doçura-2 and Aurora-1, on two rootstocks (Okinawa and Umê). In order to provide useful information for the regional fruit crop development, phytosanitary aspects of peach trees related to fruit flies, mites and oriental fruit moth were also evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The phenological stage was determined weekly, along with the evaluation of the occurrence of fruit abortion. The physical characteristics of fruits, mass, length and suture diameter of fruits, production per plant and per area, as well as soluble solids and titratable acidity, were determined on the occasion of harvest. The population of phytophagous and predaceous mites and fruit flies were evaluated weekly. Oriental fruit moth infestations were estimated in four periods from 2004 to 2006. The results indicated that the full blossom of peach cultivars on both rootstocks occurred in 5-8 interval after the dormancy breaking; and the fructification period varied according to the cultivar. The period from blossom to harvest for the cultivars on 'Okinawa' in 2004 and 2006, and on Umê in 2006 was 110 days 'Tropical', 138 for 'Aurora-2', ' Dourado-2 ' and ' Doçura-2 ' and 146 for ' Talismã '. High percentage of abortion was observed during the stage I of fruit development. The growth curves of fruits were in a double sigmoid pattern for all cultivars. Talismã and Dourado-2 cultivars produced fruits with the biggest values of mass, length and sutural diameter, on ' Okinawa ' and Umê. The highest yields per area were obtained for ' Talismã '...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)