The aim of this dissertation thesis is to develop a complex diagnostic-therapeutic programme for adults who stutter. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part consists of 4 chapters and is based on an analysis of foreign and Czech specialized literature, studies and electronic media. This part presents the theoretical basis of the dissertation and shows the topic of stuttering from a broader perspective. It describes how people who stutter (PWS) are affected by this disorder, its effect on speech, how PWS try to cope with it and how their perception, opinions and feelings change. The dissertation describes stuttering in children, adolescents and adults. It deals with the critical period of the onset of stuttering by specifying various risk factors. It also includes a description of other fluency disorders. A special attention is paid to the personality of the therapist and his/her impact on the therapy process. The dissertation also explains the application of ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) model as a starting point for diagnosis and therapy of PWS as proposed by Yaruss and Quesal (2004). The empirical part is divided into two chapters. The first part consists of a case study which presents the experimental use of...

In recent decades, it was shown that belowground competition for some plants may take form of the tragedy of the commons (TOC). In these plants, the competing neighbours invest more in root systems than would be appropriate for optimal nutrient uptake for the group and also more than they do when grown alone. However, there is also strong evidence that other species do not follow TOC, and tailor their root system to best nutrient exploitation irrespectively of competitor presence. The root investment strategy of these plants should correspond to the ideal free distribution (IFD). In my thesis I focus on two aspects:  I use game theoretical models to explore, whether those strategies can coexist within species and also whether different species can coexist if they have different strategy. From this model I draw predictions, which I test by meta-analysis.  Using Agrostis stolonifera as a model, I test assumptions on nutrient and neighbour perception, which underlie TOC and IFD models. I show that according to mathematical models, those two strategies can coexist in different species in a community, but cannot coexist within a species. Within a species, the TOC strategy should always dominate, once it appears. This can be extrapolated to macroevolutionary scale - once TOC occurs in certain clade, it should...

This work inkluse measurement principles for measuring liquid level in tanks with a focus on fuel. Are described most frequently used types of liquid level sensors, focusing on fuel. The work inkluse design chosen technical solutions fuel level sensor and its technical implementation, including the technical implementation and verification of its functionality and calibration.