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Portfolio of original compositions : dynamic audio composition via space and motion in virtual and augmented environmentsPecino Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio January 2015 (has links)
Electroacoustic music is often regarded as not being sufficiently accessible to the general public because of its sound-based abstract quality and the complexity of its language. Live electronic music introduces the figure of the performer as a gestural bodily agent that re-enables our multimodal perception of sound and seems to alleviate the accessibility dilemma. However, live electronic music generally lacks the level of detail found in studio-based fixed media works, and it can hardly be transferred outside the concert hall situation (e.g. as a video recording) without losing most of its fresh, dynamic and unpredictable nature. Recent developments in 3D simulation environments and game audio technologies suggest that alternative approaches to music composition and distribution are possible, presenting an opportunity to address some of these issues. In particular, this Portfolio of Compositions proposes the use of real and virtual space as a new medium for the creation and organisation of sound events via computer-simulated audio-sources. In such a context, the role of the performer is sometimes assumed by the listener itself, through the operation of an interactive-adaptive system, or it is otherwise replaced by a set of automated but flexible procedures. Although all of these works are sonic centric in nature, they often present a visual component that reinforces the multimodal perception of meaningful musical structures, either as real space locations for sonic navigation (locative audio), or live visualisations of physically-informed gestural agents in 3D virtual environments. Consequently, this thesis draws on general game-audio concepts and terminology, such as procedural sound, non-linearity, and generative music; but it also embraces game development tools (game engines) as a new methodological and technological approach to electroacoustic music composition. In such context, space and the real-time generation, control, and manipulation of assets combine to play an important role in broadening the routes of musical expression and the accessibility of the musical language. The portfolio consists of six original compositions. Three of these works–Swirls, Alice - Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady, and Alcazabilla–are interactive in nature and they required the creation of custom software solutions (e.g. SonicMaps) in order to deal with open-form musical structures. The last three pieces–Singularity, Apollonian Gasket, and Boids–are based on fractal or emergent behaviour models and algorithms, and they propose a non-interactive linear organisation of sound materials via real-time manipulation of non-conventional 3D virtual instruments. These original instrumental models exhibit strong spatial and kinematic qualities with an abstract and minimal visual representation, resulting in an extremely efficient way to build spatialisation patterns, texture, and musical gesture, while preserving the sonic-centric essence of the pieces.
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Simulátor řízení vozidla / Car Driving SimulatorMichalík, David January 2019 (has links)
This master’s thesis is mainly focused on creating our own car driving simulator and basic data gathering from the driver’s input. To achieve this goal, the thesis includes introduction to man-machine systems and basic information about functions and runtime game engine employs. Research about commonly used open source game engines is also presented with a detailed focus on the engine we chose - Unreal Engine. In conclusion ofthis thesis, a full version of a car driving simulator is created with gathered data analysis.
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Vývoj 3D aplikací v prostředí Blender / Development of 3D Applications in BlenderOpletal, Martin January 2014 (has links)
Thesis is focused on evaluation of available tools for 3D application development. In one selected tool (Blender) is created computer game. This game demonstrates Blender's capabilities. The process of creating is recorded in a case study for the possible purposes of own complex games development.
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Letecká tahová strategie / Flight Turn-Based StrategyVysloužil, Jiří Unknown Date (has links)
Práce rozebírá projekt, který je základem znovupoužiteného enginu počítačové hry - tahové strategie. Celkovým cílem by mělo být vytvoření komerční série počítačových her z vojenského prostředí. Text technické zprávy rozebírá zadání projektu a rozšiřuje jeho myšlenky o nezbytné vlastnosti. Dále popisuje vytvoření samotného zdrojového kódu a jeho použití. Zmiňuje se o stávajícím stavu projektu a krocích, které je potřeba podniknout k jeho dokončení. Zpráva je v anglickém jazyce.
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Fyzikální simulace v počítačových hrách / Physical Simulation in Computer GamesDočkal, Jiří January 2010 (has links)
The thesis is concerned with modern game engines, focusing on physical simulation and particle systems. It offers usable architectures overview for a game engine development. The thesis provides characteristic to the most essential game engine's logical modules as scene graph, resource management or rendering. Today's tools used for physical simulation in games are also described. Main part of the thesis concentrates on design and implementation of its own C3D game engine which exploits capabilities of the NVIDIA PhysX physical engine. The thesis includes modern techniques rising from author's gained experience.
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Evaluation of Physically Inspired Models in Video Game Melee Weapon SFXWallin, Emil January 2020 (has links)
This study explored the possible impact to a game’s responsiveness and to players’ preferences by using a physically inspired model (real-time pitch and amplitude modulation) as a means of efficiently achieving responsive variation for melee weapon sound effects in a game using the in-engine audio features. A play test was created were 24 participants (12 with audio engineering backgrounds, 12 without), all with prior gaming experience, played through a game level where they would audition a non-variational implementation of a sword’s sound effects and a variational implementation with the same sound samples being modulated in real-time. The participants did not know what they were auditioning, and in a form filled out after the play test they assessed the differences in the level parts’ responsiveness and their preference. From this form no significant benefit or drawback was found to the game’s responsiveness, and no significance was found to the participants’ preference toward either sound effect implementation. The study’s conclusions are that these physically inspired models could be used as a mean of implementation for melee weapon sound effects if the sounds used or the game setting would suit this approach, or if this would be the artistic wish of the game developers.
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Performance comparison of WebGPU and WebGL in the Godot game engineFransson, Emil, Hermansson, Jonatan January 2023 (has links)
Background. For rendering graphics on the web, WebGL has been the standard API to employ over the years. A new technology, WebGPU, has been set to release in 2023 and utilizes many of the novel rendering approaches and features common for the native modern graphics APIs, such as Vulkan. Currently, very limited research exists regarding WebGPU:s rasterization capabilities. In particular, no research exists pertaining to its capabilities when used as a rendering backend in game engines.Objectives. This paper aims to investigate performance differences between WebGL and WebGPU. This is done in the context of the game engine Godot, and the measured performance is that of the CPU and GPU frame time. The tests consist of six games for analyzing real-world cases and a number of synthetic test cases that target specific parts of the rendering pipeline. To perform the comparisons a WebGPU backend Rasterizer was implemented with the intended scope of being ableto render basic 2D games.Method. The existing WebGL Rasterizer in Godot was deconstructed to match the scope of the intended rendering functionality. The WebGPU Rasterizer was then implemented in its image and the performance of the implementations was measured in different scopes. These scopes include the frame time on the GPU and CPU and some essential rendering functions on the CPU side. Lastly, the means were calculated, and a t-test was performed to validate the significance of the difference between Rasterizers.Results. The results show that WebGPU performs better than WebGL when used as a rendering backend in Godot, for both the games tests and the synthetic tests. The comparisons clearly show that WebGPU performs faster in mean CPU and GPU frame time. This held true also for 95% lowest frame time. The results varied for the cases of the mean 1% high frame time, with WebGPU generally performing better. The results for the essential rendering functions saw WebGL performing consistently better.Conclusions. In conclusion, WebGPU outperformed WebGL. In most of the tests conducted, substantially and with high statistical significance. In order to better realize the performance benefits of WebGPU in the environment of game engines the implementation could be further expanded on in order to support more advanced games and 3D scenes. Still, the findings of this thesis show WebGPU as a strong contender to WebGL for web rendering. / Bakgrund. För att rendera grafik på webben har WebGL varit det vanliga API:et att använda under åren. En ny teknik, WebGPU, är planerad att släppas 2023 och använder många av de nya renderingstekniker- och funktioner som är vanliga för moderna grafik-API:er, som Vulkan. För närvarande finns mycket begränsad forskning om WebGPU:s rasteriseringsförmåga. I synnerhet finns ingen forskning gällande dess användning som renderingsbackend i spelmotorer.Syfte. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka prestandaskillnader mellan WebGL och WebGPU. Det görs i sammanhanget av spelmotorn Godot, och den uppmätta prestandan är bildtid på CPU:n respektive GPU:n. Testerna består av sex spel för att analysera mer verkliga sammanhang samt ett antal syntetiska testfall som riktar sig mot specifika delar av renderingspipelinen. För att utföra jämförelserna implementerades en WebGPU rasteriserare med den begränsade förmågan att kunna rendera grundläggande 2D-spel.Metod. Den befintliga WebGL-rasteriseraren i Godot demonterades för att matcha omfattningen av den avsedda funktionaliteten. WebGPU-rasteriseraren implementerades sedan i dess avbild och prestandan för implementationerna mättes i de olika testen. Mätningarna inkluderar bildtiden på GPU och CPU samt några viktiga renderingsfunktioner på CPU-sidan. Slutligen beräknades medelvärden och ett t-test för att validera signifikansen av skillnaden mellan rasteriserarna.Resultat. Resultaten visar att WebGPU presterar bättre än WebGL när den används som renderingsbackend i Godot, både för speltesterna och de syntetiska testerna. Jämförelserna visar tydligt att WebGPU presterar genomsnittligt bättre. Detta gällde även för de 95% lägsta bildtiderna. Resultaten varierade mer för fallen med den genomsnittliga 1% höga bildtiden. Resultaten för de specifika renderingsfunktionerna visade dock att WebGL konsekvent presterade bättre.Slutsatser. Sammanfattningsvis överträffade WebGPU WebGL. I de flesta genomförda tester avsevärt och med hög statistisk signifikans. För att bättre inse prestandafördelarna med WebGPU i spelmotormiljö kan implementeringen utökas ytterligare för att stödja mer avancerade spel och 3D-scener. Ändå visar resultaten i denna avhandling att WebGPU är ett bra alternativ till WebGL för webbrendering.
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Radar and sea clutter simulation with Unity 3D game engine / Simulering av radar och sjöklotter med Unity 3D-spelmotorJohnsson, Mikael, Bergman, Linus January 2023 (has links)
Game engines are well known for their use in the gaming industry but are starting to have an impact in other areas as well. Architecture, automotive, and the defence industry are today using these engines to visualise and, to some extent, test their products. In this thesis, we have examined how the game engine Unity could be used for simulating a radar with the purpose of detecting and measuring sea clutter. Following a pre-study examining different implementation approaches, it was decided to use ray tracing. The radar itself is simulated by using the camera to emit rays and having a plane object directly behind it act as a receiver. Rays are then individually traced for each pixel, propagating throughout the scene and saving information such as hit coordinates, distance travelled, and direction. By using the total travel distance of each ray that returned to the receiver, the phase of each ray is calculated. This is then used to compute the total amplitude, which represents the returned signal strength. Using a compute shader, most of the computations are done in parallel on the GPU, enabling millions of rays to be traced. As measuring sea clutter was an objective of the study, tests measuring the ocean were carried out. These used ocean surfaces with two different sea states, using the Phillips spectrum to generate realistic waves. A ship object was then tested in free space and on two different ocean surfaces. The calculated amplitude and the number of rays returned were used to determine the signal strength returned and the RCS of the object. The purpose of this was to compare with other results of sea clutter studied, observed both in the real world and in simulated scenarios, and determine if our approach could be a valid choice for the industry. Some results matched the findings of a similar study that used a professional radar simulation tool called OKTAL. Other results of sea clutter were found to not be realistic due to certain limitations. The current main limitation of our implementation is not being able to trace a large enough ocean surface with the finer details needed for realistic results. However, this could be solved by creating a better implementation. These findings suggest that simulating radar and sea clutter in Unity is a feasible approach worth continuing to explore. / Spelmotorer är välkända för sin användning inom spelindustrin men har också fått genomslag inom andra områden. Arkitektur, fordonsindustrin och försvarsindustrin använder idag dessa verktyg för att visualisera och till viss mån, även testa sina produkter. I detta examensarbete har vi undersökt hur spelmotorn Unity kan användas för att simulera en radar i syfte att detektera och mäta sjöklotter. Efter en förstudie där olika implementeringsmetoder undersöktes, beslutades det att använda strålspårning (eng. ray tracing). Själva radarn simuleras genom att använda kameraobjektet i Unity för att sända ut strålar. Bakom kameran finns ett planobjekt som fungerar som mottagare. Strålar spåras sedan individuellt för varje pixel och sprider sig genom en given scen. Samtidigt sparas information såsom träffkoordinater, den totala färdsträckan samt riktning. Genom att använda det totala färdavståndet för varje stråle som återvänt till mottagaren kan fasen för varje stråle beräknas. Detta kan sedan användas för att beräkna den totala returnerade amplituden, vilket motsvarar den returnerade signalstyrkan. Med hjälp av en "compute shader" kan databeräkningarna göras parallellt av GPU:n vilket underlättar när så många strålar ska spåras. Eftersom syftet med uppsatsen var mätning av simulerat sjöklotter, genomfördes tester för att mäta på ett simulerat hav. Havsytorna hade två olika sjöstadier, vilka genererades med Phillips-spektrumet för att få realistiska vågor. Ett fartygsobjekt testades sedan i frirymd och sedan även i de två olika havsytorna. Amplituden och mängden strålar som returnerades användes för att bestämma den totala returnerade signalstyrkan och "Radar Cross Section" (RCS) för objektet. Syftet med detta var att kunna jämföra med andra studier gällande sjöklotter, både simulerade som verklighetsbaserade och avgöra om vårt tillvägagångssätt kunde resultera i ett användbart verktyg för branschen. De olika amplituder och antalet strålar som vi fick tillbaka varierade beroende på vilka vinklar och havsytor som användes.Vissa resultat var inte realistiska jämfört med verkliga mätningar av sjöklotter. Det beror främst på våra nuvarande begränsningar i att inte kunna spåra en tillräckligt stor och tillräckligt detaljerad havsyta, vilket behövs för att mätningarna ska vara mer realistiska. Däremot matchade vi några resultat med de från en liknande studie, där verktyget OKTAL, som är ett professionellt radarsimuleringsverktyg, användes. Detta i kombination med möjligheterna för en förbättrad implementation tyder på att användningen av en spelmotor som Unity är ett intressant verktyg värd att vidareutforska radarsimuleringar med.
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Performance Analysis of a Godot Game-Agnostic Streaming ToolAxelsson, Sam, Eriksson, Filip January 2023 (has links)
Background. Streaming games is traditionally done with video and audio both for watching on websites like Twitch and YouTube or playing via cloud gaming services. Streaming with video and audio requires good internet speeds to be of satisfactory quality therefore compression algorithms are used. Compression algorithms decrease bandwidth usage but it also lowers the quality of the stream. An alternative would be to stream game states and user inputs to recreate the game state for the viewer, this would lower the bandwidth usage while not compromising the quality. Objectives. This thesis aims to explore and compare a generalized streaming tool for the Godot engine. Where game states and user inputs are sent between two game instances to synchronize the host game with the client game. The tool will then be compared to a video and audio streaming setup in terms of image quality, bandwidth, and processing power. Methods. A combination of state replication and client simulation has been implemented for a streaming tool for games. Bandwidth, image quality, and processing power metrics are gathered for seven games for streaming with state replication and client simulation. The performance metrics have also been gathered when streaming video and audio data. To validate the streaming tool, the seven games were visually compared between images from the host and client of the streaming tool. Results. Compared to streaming video and audio data there was shown to be an overhead for streaming game states and user inputs. This overhead causes multiple games to have significant performance issues in terms of processing power for the CPU. In terms of image quality and bandwidth, the generalized streaming tool performed better. Conclusions. The results showed that there is a possibility for a generalized streaming tool for the Godot engine to be successfully implemented. The implementation of the Godot streaming tool didn't work perfectly for each tested game, but most games use less bandwidth and there's no quality loss regarding the image quality. However, the streaming tool requires better hardware than traditional video and audio streaming. / Bakgrund. Att strema spel är oftast gjord med ljud och bild på webbsidor som Twitch eller Youtube, det används också i cloud gaming. Att skicka ljud och bild via nätet kräver bra bandbredd, även när man minskar bandbredden genom existerande komprimerings algoritmer som påverkar kvalitén. Genom att skicka knapp-tryckningar och lägen av spelet, så kan spelläget återskapas hos tittaren och där med minska användning av bandbredden och kvalitén skulle inte bli påverkad. Syfte. Det här examensarbetet utforskar ett spel-agnostiskt streaming verktyg för Godot. Verktyget fungerar genom att skicka knapptryckningar och speldata från en host till en klient för att synkronisera klientens spel till att matcha hostens spel. Sen kommer data från verktyget och traditionell streaming samlas in för att jämföra skillnaden i bildkvalitet, bandbredd, och processanvändning. Metod. Ett spel-agnostisk streaming verktyg blev implementerade för Godot, som använder sig av state replication och client simulation för att synkronisera spel. Sen samlades data in genom att testa sju spel gjorda med Godot, både för verktyget och traditionell video och ljud streaming. Datan som samlades in innehåll bandbredddata, process användning, och bilddata, datan jämfördes och blev analyserad. Resultat. Jämförd med traditionell streaming så använder den spel-agnostiska streaming verktyget betydligt mindre bandbredd och hade bättre bildkvalitet. Medantraditionell streaming använde mindre process användning och differensen mellanspelen var väldigt liten jämfört med streaming verktyget. Slutsatser. Resultatet visade att det finns en chans för spel streaming med knapp-tryckningar och spellägen att vara ett vettigt alternativ för traditionell streaming. Verktyget är inte helt spel-agnostisk för alla spel gjorda i Godot men det använder mindre bandbredd för de flesta spelen och bildkvaliteten är bättre. Men verktyget kräver bättre hårdvara än vanlig streaming med ljud och bild.
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A game engine based application for visualising and analysing environmental spatiotemporal mobile sensor data in an urban contextHelbig, Carolin, Becker, Anna Maria, Masson, Torsten, Mohamdeen, Abdelrhman, Sen, Özgür Ozan, Schlink, Uwe 14 March 2024 (has links)
Climate change and the high proportion of private motorised transport leads to
a high exposure of the urban population to environmental stressors such as
particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, noise, and heat. The few fixed measuring
stations for these stressors do not provide information on how they are
distributed throughout the urban area and what influence the local urban
structure has on hot and cold spots of pollution. In the measurement
campaign “UmweltTracker” with 95 participants (cyclists, pedestrians), data
on the stressors were collected via mobile sensors. The aim was to design
and implement an application to analyse the heterogeneous data sets. In this
paper we present a prototype of a visualisation and analysis application based
on the Unity Game Engine, which allowed us to explore and analyse the
collected data sets and to present them on a PC as well as in a VR
environment. With the application we were able to show the influence of
local urban structures as well as the impact of the time of day on the
measured values. With the help of the application, outliers could be
identified and the underlying causes could be investigated. The application
was used in analysis sessions as well as a workshop with stakeholders.
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