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Urban cities with populations under 250,000 are looking at innovative approaches to revitalize their downtown's and commercial shopping districts. Since suburban expansion and the development of retail malls many urban cities have watched their business districts slowly close down. These urban cities have begun using enterprise zones and tax incentives to attract and maintain business developments. Unfortunately most of these cities are still losing new development to larger urban cities because they also offer enterprise zones, tax incentives and cultural entertainment. Most industries that relocate or open new headquarters in urban cities base their site selection on the best development incentives and cultural entertainment for their middle and upper management. The City of Gary is an example of an urban city with a population under 250,000 and attempting to compete with other urban cities. Their comprehensive plan sets forth guidelines for change and orderly growth management affecting land uses and infrastructure, and for the past 15 years Gary has improved on the possibility of attracting diversified industries, but they are still losing to the surrounding cities within the Northwestern Region. It is the hope that the development of a cultural entertainment district known as the Englehart Arts District will further transform the City of Gary to the forefront. Indiana University School of Arts, Emerson School of Performing Arts, and local arts organization within the city of Gary are very eager to be centralized in one area, and feel that the Englehart Arts District would be a great factor in the future growth and education of the city. Upon research of cultural entertainment within Northwest Indiana, recent data proved that Gary is losing millions of dollars to surrounding cities and not attracting the businesses and industries that could make the city more attractive to consumers and developers.The intent of this creative project is to guide the development of the Englehart Arts District in an older shopping district through the use of special district zoning. Special District Zoning will create a cohesive mixed use area combining the arts, entertainment, retail and offices. The Englehart Arts District will have the potential of becoming a place of attraction, and contribute to the city's goals within the comprehensive plan. / Department of Urban Planning

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Akademisk avhandling--Stockholm, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 194-200. Index.

This project reveals the potential for new connections and an enhanced sense of place identity to serve as catalysts for the revitalization of the derelict urban environment. Gateway Park in Gary, Indiana was chosen for the project site and has been redesigned and expanded in order to bridge the gap between downtown Gary and the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Particular attention has been paid to connecting the project site to proposed regional greenway systems while illustrating the natural and cultural heritage of Gary. Additionally, the project site has been designed to fit within the framework of Northwest Indiana's Marquette Plan and transit-oriented development vision, while incorporating diverse programming to attract a wide variety of site users. The final design proposal rests on a historiography of the project site, a literature review investigating place identity and 'placemaking,' a study of relevant precedent projects, and extensive inventory, analysis, and concept development. / Department of Landscape Architecture

The objective of this study is to understand why planning and development strategies have failed to address and prevent the unprecedented conditions of historical social fragmentation, economic decline, and environmental destitution currently present in the city of Gary. Evidence suggests a complicated set of historical structural and cultural factors have contributed to the severe environmental, social, and economic distress and disinvestment seen in inner-city neighborhoods throughout the United States, specifically Gary, Indiana. Understanding and reflecting on the historical development discourse within American Capitalism and the social construction of race as contributors to the current conditions of Gary, only then can planners consider the adverse effects of this discourse in present environmental, social and economic conditions. Ultimately through utilizing ethnographic methods, a crucial missing element in planning strategies, opportunities for planning and development in post-industrial Gary, Indiana are explored as an approach to planning in the absence of development. / Review of related literature -- Discourse of development within American capitalism -- Social construction of race in Gary -- The potentials and limitations of planning? / Department of Urban Planning

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Beginning with the premise that all literary texts are rhetorical in nature, this thesis explores the impact of the persuasive function in Romain Gary's Le grand vestiaire from the perspective of his poetics, defined in Pour Sganarelle. The analysis of typical narrative, descriptive and dialogal techniques used by the author brings to the fore at once the textual sites in which Gary's central precept, the univocity of meaning, is upheld, and the presence of ambiguities that undermine it. Likewise, the analysis of the novel's socio-historical context highlights its ideological dimensions, which is both inherent to the work and responsible for certain indeterminacies that foreclose the possibility of a unique meaning. Finally, it is shown that the rhetorical figures in Gary's text, which are designed, by their overwhelming presence, to forcefully reconfirm the univocity of meaning, also generate a series of equivocations. This thesis demonstrates that while Le grand vestiaire is indeed based on literary techniques that ensure its effectiveness, the novel is at odds with Gary's poetics and ultimately represents its functional ineffectiveness.

The first part of this Master's thesis is a story presented as an inner monologue where three periods of the narrator's life (the winter when she was nine years old, a recent trip to Ireland and her return to Montreal) interlace as three parallel miscarried lives. At times through entire episodes, at times through the echo of sentences once spoken or heard, Pamela's past lives contaminate the story of her forced return to Montreal to attend her father's funeral. They intermingle in a duplicate narrative, a fabled dialogue between times. / In the second part, we intend to analyse the theme of the double in two of Romain Gary's novels: Au-dela de cette limite votre ticket n'est plus valable and Gros-Calin. The study demonstrates that the subject uses doubling to engender his self so that he can avoid the determinism that condemns him to a non-existence. Gary's hero refuses any god other than the one within himself: an infinite and immortal double from whom he has become seperated against his will at birth. He reinstates his unlimited potential as a creator by returning to a time before this world, a time not determined by external forces. He then undertakes to give life to his divine double by projecting him on others. The hero hopes that he will thus be endlessly reborn. The embodied ideal double, however, soon turns into the original which the hero imitates, becoming a double himself.