This study examines one facet of the nineteenth-century territorial expansion of French Canada. It analyzes the principal features of the settlement history of the northern coast of the Gaspe Peninsula where colonization did not begin in earnest until the 1830s when the expansion of the Jersey cod fishery encouraged many Baie des Chaleurs residents to move permanently to the easternmost outports of the study area. Between 1840 and 1880, a much larger contingent of landless French-Canadians from parishes located between Levis and Matane, on the southern shore of the St. Lawrence River, settled the remainder of the Gaspe north coast. / Successful permanent settlement on the Gaspe coast hinged on the colon's ability to exploit a full array of maritime, littoral and terrestrial resources. This resulted in a clearly-defined annual cycle of subsistence and commercial activities and in the rise of a plural economy. The family and kin group played an instrumental role in this cycle of resource exploitation as well as in the migration process itself. In contrast, the French-Canadian clergy and politicians played only a minor role, despite the elite's many statements on the nineteenth-century colonization movement and notwithstanding the widespread impression that fervent Catholicism and a strong sense of nationalism dominated traditional French-Canadian society.

Although the watersheds of the Petite Cascapedia and Bonaventure Rivers, Gaspe Peninsula, have broadly similar geology and land use, their segment-scale river geomorphology is contrasted by subtle differences in valley characteristics that are a legacy of their individual geomorphic histories. These differences have consequences on the distribution of Atlantic salmon habitat such as boulder abundance (for parr rearing and overwintering habitats) and spawning substrate quality. Parr preference for boulder-rich river segments (1--5 km) was observed in the Bonaventure River. In the study systems redd distribution was sensitive to relatively small changes in the fines content of riffle substrate. River segments flowing through moderately narrow semi-alluvial valleys present better overall parr habitat (high boulder abundance) and better spawning substrate quality (percentage of sand) than wider valley sections. These differences are due to additional sources of coarse sediment, higher shear stresses, and lower bank erosion rates in such valleys.

No description available.

Une partie de la region de Paspebiac a ete recouverte par deux glaces contemporaines, lors du dernier stade glaciaire du Wisconsinien. Une premiere s'est ecoulee du nord-nord-ouest, a recouvert la partie ouest de la region a l'etude et a erige une grande moraine laterale nord-sud a sa marge orientale; il n'a pu etre determine si cette glace etait l'inlandsis laurentidien ou une calotte gaspesienne. Une seconde glace progressant vers le nord-ouest a englace le sud-est du territoire et a construit une moraine terminale ouest-est, perpendiculaire et jointive a la premiere moraine. Un lac proglaciaire s'est forme a l'encoignure des deux glaces et a recouvert une partie d'un plateau demeure deglace au nord-est. Lors du dernier rechauffement climatique, le front de la glace du sud a regresse le premier, avant que la mer de Goldthwait noit les basses terres jusqu'a 46 metres vers 12 200 BP. Alors seulement, l'autre glace decouvre a son tour le territoire a l'etude. L'emersion est rapide, et certains elements laissent croire que les terres sont de nouveau transgressees depuis quelques millenaires.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.