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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Site of clonidine action to inhibit gut propulsion in mice: Demonstration of a central component

Jiang, Qi, 1957- January 1989 (has links)
The role of supraspinal, spinal and peripheral alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility in mice was investigated using anatomically site specific administration of clonidine and adrenoceptor antagonists. Clonidine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastrointestinal transit when given by the i.c.v., i.th., or s.c. routes, and was most potent when given i.c.v. Yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, but not the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin, antagonized the antitransit effects of clonidine. Yohimbine was most potent in antagonizing i.c.v. clonidine; increased doses of the i.c.v. antagonist were required when the agonist was given s.c. After transection of the spinal cord, i.th. clonidine failed to produce an antitransit effect. Additionally, the i.c.v. potency of clonidine decreased approximately 7-fold in spinally-transected mice. The data suggest that the antitransit effects of clonidine occur through actions at alpha-2 adrenoceptors located at both supraspinal and peripheral sites.
62

Απόπτωση του πεπτικού επιθήλιου : ο ρόλος της στην καρκινογένεση

Σκοτινιώτης, Ηλίας 25 June 2007 (has links)
Η λοίμωξη με Helicobacter pylori (Ελικοβακτήριο του πυλωρού, ΕΠ) αυξάνει τις πιθανότητες ανάπτυξης καρκίνου του στομάχου. Η εξέλιξη σε αδενοκαρκίνωμα περνάει από το προκαρκινικό στάδιο της εντερικής μεταπλασίας, η οποία ακολουθεί τη γαστρίτιδα που προκαλείται από το ΕΠ. Ένας από τους πιθανούς μηχανισμούς καρκινογένεσης είναι η απορύθμιση της ισορροπίας ανάμεσα στη απόπτωση και τον πολλαπλασιασμό κυττάρων του γαστρικού επιθηλίου. Στην εργασία αυτή μελετήθηκαν η απόπτωση και ο πολλαπλασιασμός του γαστρικού επιθήλιου σε ομάδα ασθενών χωρίς λοίμωξη με ΕΠ, ομάδα ασθενών με γαστρίτιδα από ΕΠ και, τέλος, ομάδα ασθενών με γαστρίτιδα που περιείχε εστίες εντερικής μεταπλασίας. Η απόπτωση αξιολογήθηκε με τη μέθοδο TUNEL και εκφράστηκε με τον Δείκτη Απόπτωσης (Apoptotic Index, AI). Ο πολλαπλασιασμός αξιολογήθηκε με την ανοσοϊστοχημική χρώση του αντιγόνου Ki-67 και εκφράστηκε με τον Δείκτη Πολλαπλασιασμού (Proliferation Index, PI). Στους ΕΠ- θετικούς ασθενείς, η απόπτωση και ο πολλαπλασιασμός ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένες σε σύγκριση με τους ΕΠ-αρνητικούς ασθενείς (AI=1,22 +/- 0,13% έναντι 0,15 +/- 0,03%, p<0,0001; PI=24 +/- 1% έναντι 13 +/- 2%, p<0,0001). Η αύξηση ήταν ανάλογη με τη βαρύτητα της γαστρίτιδας. Μέσα στις εστίες εντερικής μεταπλασίας, όμως, η απόπτωση ήταν σημαντικά μειωμένη σε σύγκριση με την γαστρίτιδα που τις περιέβαλλε (AI=0,20 +/- 0,06% έναντι 1,34 +/- 0,23%, p=0,0014), ενώ ο πολλαπλασιασμός διατηρούνταν σε ψηλά επίπεδα (PI=25,4 +/- 4% έναντι 24,7 +/- 2%, p=0,87). Αυτό είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα τη μείωση στη σχέση απόπτωσης-πολλαπλασιασμού στις εστίες εντερικής μεταπλασίας σε σύγκριση με τη περιβάλλουσα γαστρίτιδα (Λόγος ΑΙ/ΡΙ=0,008 +/- 0,005 vs. 0,054 +/- 0,009, 63 p<0,02). Έτσι, η γαστρίτιδα στη λοίμωξη με ΕΠ σχετίζεται με ταυτόχρονη αύξηση στην απόπτωση και τον πολλαπλασιασμό επιθηλιακών κυττάρων, ενώ η μετάβαση σε εντερική μεταπλασία οδηγεί σε υποχώρηση της απόπτωσης σε φυσιολογικά επίπεδα και διατήρηση του αυξημένου πολλαπλασιασμού. Αυτή η διαταραχή στη σχέση απόπτωσης και πολλαπλασιασμού είναι πιθανό να αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα στην καρκινογενετική δράση του ΕΠ. / Infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. In the histologic progression to cancer, adenocarcinoma is preceded by the precursor lesion of intestinal metaplasia, which may follow HP-induced gastritis. An imbalance between the competing processes of apoptosis and proliferation in the gastric epithelium has been postulated to play a role in this sequence of events. This study compared apoptosis and proliferation in antral epithelium from a group of individuals not infected with HP, a group of individuals with HP-induced gastritis, and a group of individuals with HP-induced gastritis containing foci of intestinal metaplasia. Apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL assay and expressed as Apoptotic Index (AI), while proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and expressed as Proliferation Index (PI). In the HP-positive group, apoptosis and proliferation were increased compared with the HP-negative group (AI=1,22 +/- 0,13% vs. 0,15 +/- 0,03%, p<0,0001; PI=24 +/- 1% vs. 13 +/- 2%, p<0,0001). Increases were proportional to the severity of the gastritis. Within foci of intestinal metaplasia, apoptosis was significantly reduced compared with surrounding gastritis (AI=0,20 +/- 0,06% vs. 1,34 +/- 0,23%, p=0,0014), whereas proliferation was not altered (PI=25,4 +/- 4% vs. 24,7 +/- 2%, p=0,87). This resulted in a lower AI/PI ratio in intestinal metaplasia than in surrounding gastritis (0,008 +/- 0,005 vs. 0,054 +/- 0,009, p<0,02). HP-induced gastritis was thus associated with increased epithelial apoptosis and proliferation compared with uninfected controls. In intestinal metaplasia, proliferation remained increased but apoptosis reverted to normal levels. This imbalance may contribute to HP-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
63

The role of nitric oxide in altering intestinal motility in lipopolysaccharide-injected rats : a morphological and functional assessment

Branstutter, Joseph W. January 1999 (has links)
Nitric oxide, a short-lived free radical and neurotransmitter, is responsible for decreased smooth muscle contractility in vitro. When in excess, NO can cause hypotension and is believed to mediate altered intestinal motility. Not enough evidence is available for morphological changes in gastrointestinal smooth muscle and its correlation with motility disorders caused by Escherichia coli-induced NO production. Male Lewis rats were treated with injections of 10 mg/kg LPS from E. coli with or without 12.5 mg/kg of NOS inhibitor, LNMMA. Eighteen to 24 hours following injection, duodenum, ileum, colon, liver, and spleen were harvested for histological analysis. Urine and fecal analysis assessed functional aspects in control and treatment groups. Muscularis externa measurements revealed significant increase in muscle thickness of LPS + LNMMA injected group compared to control and LPS group. However, the average values in control and LPS group were not significantly different. Fecal consistency was significant in all 3 groups. Mean urinary nitrite in the LPS group was 44 times higher than control and 52 times higher than the inhibitor-treated group. / Department of Physiology and Health Science
64

Digestion theory and applications to deposit feeders /

Penry, Deborah Lynn, January 1988 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1988. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
65

The role of gut bacteria in the metabolism of dietary xylitol /

Krishnan, Ravi. January 1984 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-148).
66

The development and application of a dual isotope scintigraphic technique to study gastric emptying in humans /

Horowitz, Michael. January 1984 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1984. / Some mounted ill. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-263).
67

GABA and GABA-receptors in the enteric nervous system /

Ong, Jennifer. January 1985 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 282-354).
68

Exogenous purines induce differential responses in the proximal and distal regions of the sphincter of Oddi partial characterisation of the purinergic receptor sub-types involved /

Woods, Charmaine Michelle, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Flinders University, Dept. of General and Digestive Surgery, School of Medicine. / Typescript (bound). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254 - 270). Also available online.
69

The relationship between quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30) and survival and treatment in patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer

McKernan, Margaret. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008. / Submitted to the University of Glasgow for the degree of Master of Science (Medical Science) in the Faculty of Medicine, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
70

A study of digesta passage in rabbits and ringtail possums using markers and models

Herron, Fiona Michelle. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002. / Title from t.p. of PDF document (viewed Apr. 17, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-264).

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