WALKING DOWN AN ENDLESS GRID OF AISLES IN A SUPERMARKET, COMPELS ONE TO HURRY THROUGH THE TASK OF BUYING FOOD. BEFORE SUPERMARKETS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION, COMMUNITIES PURCHASED THEIR GOODS AT THE LOCAL MARKET. THE ENERGY AND EXCITEMENT OF FISHERMAN YELLING, VENDORS BARTERING, AND PEOPLE GOSSIPING WAS INVIGORATING. THE SOCIAL VIBRANCE AND COMMUNITY NETWORK OF HISTORIC MARKETS HAS LARGELY BEEN LOST DUE TO THE CONVIENCE AND CAPITALISTIC MINDSET OF SUPERMARKETS. THIS THESIS IS AN EXPLORATION OF THE OPPORTUNITY ARCHITECTURE HAS IN REDEFINING THE MARKET BY IMPLEMENTING IDEAS ABOUT THRESHOLD AND TRANSITION COUPLED WITH THE PROPOSITION OF GATHERING PEOPLE AND PROGRAMS. WITH THE SUPPORTING ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORIC BOROUGH MARKET IN LONDON, I IMPLEMENTED THESE IDEAS ABOUT MARKET IN MISSOULA, MONTANA. THROUGHOUT THIS EXPLORATION, I INVESTIGATED THE ROLE LIGHT AND MOVEMENT PLAYED IN THE DESIGNING OF A WALL AND HOW CENTRALITY CAN DEVELOP RULES ABOUT CONCENTRIC AND RADIAL STRUCTURES. / Master of Architecture / THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF FOOD AND RISE OF SUPERMARKETS ALLOWED FOR CONVENIENCE AND EFFICIENCY BUT SACRIFICED HUMAN CONNECTION. THIS THESIS ANALYZES THE HISTORIC BOROUGH MARKET OF LONDON, ENGLAND TO UNDERSTAND ARCHITECTURE'S ROLE IN REDEFINING THE SHOPPING EXPERIENCE. BY IMPLEMENTING IDEAS ABOUT THRESHOLD AND TRANSITION COUPLED WITH THE PROPOSITIONS OF GATHERING PEOPLE AND PROGRAMS, ARCHITECTURE CAN TRANSFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MARKETPLACE.

The cross-spread formed by intersecting source and receiver lines, or “hybrid gather” consisting of all common mid-points (CMPs) in a reflection patch defined by the acquisition geometry, has been revived in recent years as a possible solution to the increasing need for ever-improving imaging of 3-D seismic reflection data. These hybrid gathers, however, are currently not widely used in processing. Development of processing procedures for hybrid gathers is needed to further the efficiency of their application. The use of hybrid gathers in processing is justified by their performance as an areal array in attenuating both random and coherent noise from all azimuthal directions. Hybrid gathers also allow for azimuthal filtering to correct for wave propagation effects. Through an azimuthal analysis in an azimuthally anisotropic medium, the effects of structural dip on reflection time can be isolated and separated from pre-stack propagation effects of the media, particularly distortions due to azimuthal anisotropy. A binning strategy is determined for hybrid gathers which best allows for azimuthal anisotropy to be observed and distinguished from structural dip. This allows for improved velocity estimation for imaging and separate analysis of azimuthal variations in propagation properties of subsurface media at an early stage in the processing sequence. The degree and orientation of the anisotropy can then be estimated using a semblance method. / text

Neko is a project at KTH to refactor the widely used fluid dynamics solver Nek5000 to support modern hardware. Many aspects of the solver need adapting for use on GPUs, and one such part is the main communication kernel, the Gather-Scatter (GS) routine. To avoid race conditions in the kernel, atomic operations are used, which can be inefficient. To avoid the use of atomics, elements were grouped in such a way that when multiple writes to the same address are necessary, they will always come in blocks. This way, each block can be assigned to a single thread and handled sequentially, avoiding the need for atomic operations altogether. In the scope of the thesis, a Poisson solver was also ported from CPU to Nvidia GPUs. To optimise the Poisson solver, a batched matrix multiplication kernel was developed to efficiently perform small matrix multiplications in bulk, to better utilise the GPU. Optimisations using shared memory and kernel unification was done. The performance of the different implementations was tested on two systems using a GTX1660 and dual Nvidia A100 respectively. The results show only small differences in performance between the two versions of the GS kernels when only considering computational cost, and in a multi-rank setup the communication time completely overwhelms any potential difference. The shared memory matrix multiplication kernel yielded around a 20% performance boost for the Poisson solver. Both versions vastly outperformed cuBLAS. The unified kernel also had a large positive impact on the performance, yielding up to a 50% increase in throughput. / Neko är ett KTH-projekt med syfte att vidareutveckla det populära beräkningsströmningsdynamik-programmet Nek5000 för moderna datorsystem. Speciell vikt har lagts vid att stödja heterogena plattformar med dedikerade accelleratorer för flyttalsberäkningar. Den idag vanligast förekommande sådana är grafikkort (GPUer). En viktig del av Neko är Gather-Scatter (GS)-funktionen, som är den huvudsakliga kommunikations-funktionen mellan processer i programmet. I GS-funktionen kan race conditions uppstå då flera trådar skriver till samma minnesaddress samtidigt. Detta kan undvikas med atomic operations, men användande av dessa kan ha negativ inverkan på prestanda. I detta masterarbete utvecklades en alternativ implementation där element i GS-algoritmen grupperades på sådant sätt att alla operationer på samma element kommer i block. På så sätt kan de enkelt behandlas i sekvens och därmed undvika behovet av atomic operations. Inom ramen för masterarbetet implementerades en numerisk lösare av Poisson’s ekvation för GPUer. Optimering av koden genom att göra matrismultiplikationer i bulk genomfördes, och vidare genom utnyttjande av shared memory. Prestandan utvärderades på två olika datorsystem med en GTX1660 respektive två A100 GPUer. Enbart små skillnader sågs mellan de olika GS-implementationerna, med en svag fördel om ca 5% högre prestanda för den grupperade varianten i högupplösta domäner. Poisson-lösaren visade på höga prestandasiffror jämfört med cuBLAS-biblioteket.

No description available.

Volcanic rifting environments, such as in Iceland, are challenging for conventional seismic reflection methods using active surface seismic sources. This study demonstrates the potential of a novel technique, called Virtual Reflection Seismic Profiling (VRSP) for imaging reflections in geothermal regions, like Hverahlíð, where a dense seismic array recorded a number of local microearthquakes for cross-correlation. Uppsala University, in collaboration with Reykjavik Energy, recorded seismicity in Hverahlíð using both seismometers and geophones. Acquired data were processed using the VRSP method, which applies seismic interferometry only to selected events, in this thesis local microearthquakes. Cross-correlation of the signal from a microearthquake recorded at one of the stations, which acts as a virtual source, with a ghost reflection recorded by the remaining receivers, produces a virtual shot gather. Stacking each station’s result, for all available events, and following a conventional multichannel processing sequence resulted in two stacked seismic images. Potential reflections observed in the obtained sections could be associated with major feed zones identified in the area by the borehole measurements. Eight dynamite explosions were processed with a conventional seismic reflection method, as a complementary source to the microearthquakes. In the produced stacked seismic section two potential reflections could be observed. Results from both passive and active datasets were 3D visualised to verify whether the reflections correspond to each other between sections. Two horizons were traced throughout all three stacked sections. One more interface appeared on two images obtained from processing the passive data. This study shows promising results for using natural sources to image the subsurface in a challenging environment.

Este trabalho busca contribuir no debate acerca dos movimentos sociais, especificamente no do movimento de moradia. Oferece uma análise das dinâmicas estatais de desenvolvimento das políticas e produções habitacionais em três esferas de governo: o Governo Federal, o Governo Estadual paulista, e a Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. O estudo aborda a atuação destes níveis de governo desde suas origens até 2002. Ele analisa os diferentes períodos do desenvolvimento desta atuação, examinando os modelos habitacionais que os caracterizaram. Esta análise focou-se na variação da distribuição das atividades fundamentais, à produção habitacional financiada por fundos públicos, presente nos diferentes programas habitacionais realizados ao longo do tempo. Assim ela procurou identificar as continuidades e descontinuidades da ação estatal. Expõe desta forma as preferências demonstradas pelo Estado em sua ação. Isto permitiu delinear o papel do movimento de moradia em alguns dos modelos habitacionais surgidos desde a Nova República. / This study intends to contribute to debate of social movements which gather dwellings. It approaches an analysis on State-oriented dynamics to develop policies and dwellings production into three branches of government: Federal, local State of São Paulo and São Paulo county level. The policies and action of these three levels are made accessible from its origins to 2002. An effort to analysis of different moments into the process of the public action is made. The models for habitation produce are under examination. The approach focuses changes in the distribution from the basic actions up to habitation produce financed by public funds. This has been found in different dwelling programs produced through all the time. The analysis attempts to identify continuities and discontinuities into the public action. It exposes by this way the preferences shown by the State performance. Such an approach allowed to outline the role of the gather dwellings movement in some of the habitation produce models that were developed since the New Republic arrival

Este trabalho busca contribuir no debate acerca dos movimentos sociais, especificamente no do movimento de moradia. Oferece uma análise das dinâmicas estatais de desenvolvimento das políticas e produções habitacionais em três esferas de governo: o Governo Federal, o Governo Estadual paulista, e a Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. O estudo aborda a atuação destes níveis de governo desde suas origens até 2002. Ele analisa os diferentes períodos do desenvolvimento desta atuação, examinando os modelos habitacionais que os caracterizaram. Esta análise focou-se na variação da distribuição das atividades fundamentais, à produção habitacional financiada por fundos públicos, presente nos diferentes programas habitacionais realizados ao longo do tempo. Assim ela procurou identificar as continuidades e descontinuidades da ação estatal. Expõe desta forma as preferências demonstradas pelo Estado em sua ação. Isto permitiu delinear o papel do movimento de moradia em alguns dos modelos habitacionais surgidos desde a Nova República. / This study intends to contribute to debate of social movements which gather dwellings. It approaches an analysis on State-oriented dynamics to develop policies and dwellings production into three branches of government: Federal, local State of São Paulo and São Paulo county level. The policies and action of these three levels are made accessible from its origins to 2002. An effort to analysis of different moments into the process of the public action is made. The models for habitation produce are under examination. The approach focuses changes in the distribution from the basic actions up to habitation produce financed by public funds. This has been found in different dwelling programs produced through all the time. The analysis attempts to identify continuities and discontinuities into the public action. It exposes by this way the preferences shown by the State performance. Such an approach allowed to outline the role of the gather dwellings movement in some of the habitation produce models that were developed since the New Republic arrival

No description available.

This study probes selected stories from Bessie Head's The Collector of Treasures (1977) in order to elicit instances of contiguity and disjuncture between orality and literacy, to establish Head's complex identity configurations which are often manifested in the interactions between aesthetic form and content, authorial consciousness, character delineation, and narrative voice. At the same time, the dissertation explores her portrayal of the proscribed condition of women, the subversive consciousness that undercuts women's subjugation by patriarchy, and her vision for the liberatory possibilities for women from the exigencies of patriarchal domination. I also examine Head's (re-)vision of culture within the framework of hybridity and creolity and determine how some of these perspectives are crystallized in discourses such as When Rain Clouds Gather (1968), Maru (1971) and A Question of Power (1973). I juxtapose my reading of Head with other African writers such as Bâ, Emecheta and Nwapa to draw references in instances where the context permits. The dominant critical approach adopted in this thesis is a contextual approach. I consider this approach useful for my purposes because of its flexibility, the attention it pays to the formal properties of literary texts and, its cognizance of the socio-historical genesis of texts and its demonstration of literature's timeless value. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

This study probes selected stories from Bessie Head's The Collector of Treasures (1977) in order to elicit instances of contiguity and disjuncture between orality and literacy, to establish Head's complex identity configurations which are often manifested in the interactions between aesthetic form and content, authorial consciousness, character delineation, and narrative voice. At the same time, the dissertation explores her portrayal of the proscribed condition of women, the subversive consciousness that undercuts women's subjugation by patriarchy, and her vision for the liberatory possibilities for women from the exigencies of patriarchal domination. I also examine Head's (re-)vision of culture within the framework of hybridity and creolity and determine how some of these perspectives are crystallized in discourses such as When Rain Clouds Gather (1968), Maru (1971) and A Question of Power (1973). I juxtapose my reading of Head with other African writers such as Bâ, Emecheta and Nwapa to draw references in instances where the context permits. The dominant critical approach adopted in this thesis is a contextual approach. I consider this approach useful for my purposes because of its flexibility, the attention it pays to the formal properties of literary texts and, its cognizance of the socio-historical genesis of texts and its demonstration of literature's timeless value. / English Studies / M.A. (English)