The Multilayer Transient Test is a well-testing technique designed to determine formation properties in multiple layers, and it has been proved effective during the past two decades. To apply the Multilayer Transient Test, a combination of rate profiles from production logs and transient rate and pressure measurements are required at multiple surface rates. Therefore, this method can be time consuming and may involve significant errors due to inaccurate transient flow rate measurements. A new testing approach is proposed after realizing the limitations of the Multilayer Transient Test. The new testing approach replaces the transient flow rate measurement with transient temperature measurement by using multiple temperature sensors. This research shows that formation properties can be quantified in multiple layers by analyzing measured transient temperature and pressure data. A single-phase wellbore/reservoir coupled thermal model is developed as the forward model. The forward model is used to simulate the temperature and pressure response along the wellbore during the transient test. With the forward model, this work proves that the transient temperature and pressure are sufficiently sensitive to formation properties and can be used for multilayer reservoir characterization. The inverse model is formulated by incorporating the forward model to solve formation properties using nonlinear least-square regression. For the hypothetical cases, the proposed new multilayer testing method has successfully been applied for investigating formation properties in commingled multilayer reservoirs. Layer permeability, damaged permeability, and damaged radius can be uniquely determined using single-point transient pressure data and multipoint transient temperature data at appropriate locations. Due to the proposed data acquisition scheme, only one surface flow rate change is needed to implement this testing approach, which significantly reduces the test duration compared to the standard multilayer transient testing approach using a series of flow rate changes. Of special interest, this is the first test design that shows promise for determination of the damaged radius, which can be useful for well stimulation design. In addition, temperature resolution, data noise, and data rate impacts have been studied along with a data filtering approach that enable selection of suitable pressure and temperature sensor technologies for applying the new testing method.

This dissertation covers two di erent but related topics: the construction of new black hole solutions and the study of the microscopic origin of black hole entropy. In the solution part, two di erent sets of new solutions are found. The rst concerns a Plebanski-Demianski type solution in the ve-dimensional pure Einstein gravity, and the second concerns a three-charge (two of which equal) two-rotation solution to the ve-dimensional maximal supergravity. Obtaining new and interesting black hole solutions is an important and challenging task in studying general relativity and its extensions. During the past decade, the solutions become even more important because they might nd applications in the study of the gauge/gravity duality, which is currently in the central stage of the quantum gravity research. The Kerr/CFT correspondence is a recently propose example of the gauge/gravity duality. In the entropy part, we explicitly show that the Kerr/CFT correspondence can be applied to all known extremal stationary and axisymmetric black holes. We improve over previous works in showing that this can be done in a general fashion, rather than testing di erent solutions case by case. This e ort makes it obvious that the common structure of the near horizon metric for all known extremal stationary and axisymmetric black holes is playing a key role in the success of the Kerr/CFT correspondence. The discussion is made possible by the identi cation of two general ans atze that cover all such known solutions.

In this study, bending moment distributions developed in laterally loaded passive pile and passive pile groups in cohesionless soil were investigated in laboratory conditions through model pile experiments. Different from the active pile loading, the lateral load was given directly to the piles using a movable large direct shear box. In these experiments strain gauges fastened to the piles and a computer based data reading system were used. The strain values were measured at five levels on the piles. The behavior of a single pile and a pile group having five piles were investigated through strain measurements in order to observe bending moment distribution on the piles. After evaluating the test results, the behavior of passive single pile was found to be similar to the results obtained in early studies. Negative bending moments were observed at the specified depths above the shear plane and positive bending moments were measured at the level of the shear plane and below the shear plane. Maximum bending moments were obtained at 0.7L (L: Length of Pile) for single piles and piles in the group. Above the shear plane, maximum bending moments within the pile group were found to be developed on the piles nearest to the loading. On the shear plane maximum bending moments were developed on the piles farthest from the loading just like active piles. Below the shear plane, maximum bending moments were developed mainly on the piles nearest to the loading.

In this thesis, we study the subject of geometrical phases in detail by considering its various forms. We focus primarily on the relation between quantum geometrical phases and magnetic monopoles, and study how one can make use of the concepts of geometrical phases to define magnetic monopoles.

A radar altimetry satellite measures the height of sea surface globally. However, tide gauges, measuring Sea Level Height (SLH), are set up on the Earth surface. Hence, SLHs are involved in vertical motion of the Earth crust. In this study, vertical motions of Earth crust have been separated from sea level variations. After clustering of SSH observations with K-means approach, two outlier detection methods Pope and Interquartile (IQR) Tests are implemented in data. Afterwards, each altimetry measurement is relocated to the center point of own cluster by means of geoid height derived from Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08). Before application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to see behavior of SSH inbetween clusters, Lomb Scargle algorithm is run to realize power spectrum of every clustered observations distinctly. Besides, tide gauge measurements are used for extracting 68 constituents with T_Tide program from hourly tide gauge observations. Then, predicted signal is produced by means of classical tidal harmonic analysis. To get monthly and daily mean values of hourly data, MSDOS Processing and Quality Controlling Software (SLPR2) has been run and the results are compared with Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) monthly mean sea level values. Afterwards, the trends from altimetry, tide gauge and GPS are investigated to reveal vertical land motion. This study shows that sea level is rising every year more or less 7 mm at the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Although Iskenderun tide gauge subsides 50 mm every year, the other stations do not show huge amount of vertical motion.

Not available

In this dissertation, we present a study of WZ production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data analyzed was collected by the ATLAS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of \(4.6 fb^{−1}\) provided by the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. We select WZ events in the fully leptonic decay mode with electrons, muons, and missing transverse energy in the final state. Events are required to have three isolated leptons with significant transverse momentum, a large missing transverse energy, a Z candidate reconstructed from two of the selected leptons, and a W candidate reconstructed from the missing transverse energy and third lepton. The major backgrounds to the WZ signal in the leptonic decay channel are Z+jets events, ZZ production, Z+photon events, and events with top quarks. We estimate the Z+jets and top quark background contributions from data and take the expected contribution for the other background processes from simulation. We observe 317 WZ candidates in data, with a background expectation of \(68\pm10\) events. The total production cross section is extracted from the selected sample using a maximum likelihood method and is determined to be \(19.0^{+1.4}_{-1.3} (stat) \pm0.9 (syst) \pm0.4 (lumi) pb\), which is consistent with the next-to-leading Standard Model prediction of \(17.6^{+1.1}_{-1.0} pb\). WZ production in the Standard Model includes a contribution from the WWZ triple gauge boson vertex. If new physics beyond the Standard Model exists and interacts with W and Z bosons, the coupling of the WWZ vertex could differ from the Standard Model prediction. We set limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings using the transverse momentum spectrum of Z bosons in the selected sample. We derive the 95% confidence interval for three model-independent anomalous triple gauge couplings using a frequentist approach and set the most stringent bounds to date on two of the three parameters. / Physics

Η μεταπτυχιακή μου εργασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη: Στο Πρώτο μέρος γίνεται μια σύντομη αναφορά στις θεμελιώδεις αρχές της Κβαντομηχανικής και μια ιστορική αναδρομή στους Φυσικούς και Μαθηματικούς που έβαλαν ο καθένας το δικό τους λιθαράκι για να φθάσουμε στο σήμερα και στην ανακάλυψη του σωματιδίου Higgs. Συγχρόνως γίνεται και μια εννοιολογική αναδρομή που περιγράφει τα όρια και τα περιεχόμενα της Σύγχρονης Φυσικής στην οποία περιέχεται η κβαντική θεωρία καθώς και η σχέση της με την Κλασική Φυσική. Το Δεύτερο μέρος με την σειρά του χωρίζεται σε πέντε κεφάλαια: Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο δίνονται οι σχετικιστικές εξισώσεις Klein-Gordon και Dirac εξηγώντας τα προβλήματα που λύνει και τα εμπόδια που αντιμετωπίζει η κάθε μια τους. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται αναφορά στην θεωρία πεδίων ως λύση των προβλημάτων που δημιουργούν οι εξισώσεις του πρώτου κεφαλαίου. Συνεχίζει με την μελέτη του θεωρήματος της Noether και τις συνέπειές του στην Φυσική καθώς επίσης και με την κβάντωση των κλασικών πεδίων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, δίνονται οι έννοιες της κανονικής κβάντωσης, εξετάζεται το πραγματικό και μιγαδικό πεδίο Klein-Gordon όπως και τα κβαντισμένα πεδία Dirac και Schrodinger. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο κλείνει με το κβαντισμένο ηλεκτρομαγνητικό πεδίο. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια αναφορά σε Lie-ομάδες και άλγεβρες Lie όπως και στις ομάδες SU(2) και SU(3). Για την παρουσίαση της θεωρίας των ομάδων Lie αναφέρονται κάποιοι ορισμοί, προτάσεις και μικρά παραδείγματα. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο ασχολείται με τις θεωρίες βαθμίδας, με τους παγκόσμιους και τοπικούς μετασχηματισμούς στο πραγματικό και μιγαδικό πεδίο Klein-Gordon, με το πεδίο Yang-Mills και την θεωρία ενοποίησης. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο κυριαρχεί το αυθόρμητο σπάσιμο συμμετρίας, με το θεώρημα Goldstone και κυρίως με τον μηχανισμό Higgs εξηγώντας πως τα μποζόνια βαθμίδας του Καθιερωμένου Προτύπου αποκτούν μάζα. / My Master's thesis consists of two parts: In the first part there is a brief reference regarding the fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics and a historical retrospection of how physicists and mathematicians each made their own contribution in order for us today to reach to the discovery of the Higgs particle. In parallel, there is a conceptual overview that describes the boundaries and contents of Modern Physics, which includes Quantum Theory and its relation to Classical Physics. In the second part there are five chapters: The first chapter describes the Klein-Gordon and Dirac relativistic equations, explaining the advantages and drawbacks that each of them have. The second chapter refers to the field theory as a solution to the problems posed by the equations of the first chapter. It continues with a study of the Noether theorem and its consequences in Physics, as well as the quantization of classical fields. In particular, the concepts of normal quantization are given out, the real and the complex field of Klein- Gordon is examined, as well as the quantized Dirac and Schrodinger fields. It ends with the quantized electromagnetic field. The third chapter describes the Lie-groups and the Lie algebras, as well as the SU (2) and SU (3) groups. In order to present the Lie –group theory, definitions, suggestions and examples are given out. The fourth chapter deals with the Gauge Theories, the global and local transformations in the real and complex field of Klein-Gordon, the Yang-Mills field theory and the unification theory. Finally, the fifth chapter examines the spontaneous symmetry breaking, the Goldstone theorem and especially with the Higgs mechanism, explaining how the gauge bosons of the Standard Model acquire mass.

No description available.

Modified design of a planter to be attached to a mobile robot, was the main objective of this project. This research project was part of a larger project, called “Developing robotics assisted technology for farming”. The main motivation for this research project is the fact that mobile robot, is an electric powered vehicle with limited power and pulling force. Thus, a customized planter with a customized connection mechanism should be designed. Besides, it should require less draft force compared to existing planters so that it can be pulled by the mobile robot. The developed planter should have the same efficiency as the existing planters in seeding. To find the forces between soil engagement tool (disc coulter) and soil, experiments were designed and performed in the Linear Soil Bin at University of Saskatchewan. Disc and tilt angle of a disc coulter was changed and draft, vertical and side forces applied to it were measured to find the disc and tilt angle combinations that results in minimum draft force. Experiments showed that 7° disc angle and 25° tilt angle provides the least draft force compared to other disc angle and tilt angle combinations. Then, using the knowledge obtained from literature and the soil bin experiments, a planter was designed conceptually and in detail, based on the existing CNH planter. For further analyses computer modeling was performed. The whole planter was modeled in 3D, using SolidWorks. Stress analysis was performed in ANSYS Workbench to calculate safety factor of the designed parts. Two prototypes were fabricated and were attached to the mobile robot for field tests. Tests were performed in indoor settings to measure the total draft force required to pull developed planters. Draft force was very close to the value that was calculated in design stage. Results showed that an average of 460 N pulling force is required to pull one row planter for 50 mm depth of cut, which can be compared to n existing CNH corn planter that requires a pulling force of between 900 N to 1300 N. Seed drop accuracy and function of the developed planters in opening and closing a packed soil in presence of residue, were also observed in outdoor tests.