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No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliethDeOliveiraSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 11081242 bytes, checksum: f2202b2fd5e889749c93749db00087da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Geastraceae ? uma fam?lia monofil?tica pertencente ao clado ?gomphoid-phalloid?, composta apenas por dois g?neros Geastrum e Myriostoma, que s?o muito pr?ximos tanto na morfologia quanto na filogenia, ambos apresentam basidiomas angioc?rpicos, poro apical, basidiosporos liberados passivamente atrav?s do mecanismo de fole e exoper?dio deiscente em raios, sendo diferenciados pelo n?mero de ost?olos e pedicelos. Devido ? deisc?ncia do exoper?dio, s?o conhecidos popularmente como ?estrelas-daterra?. Ocorrem geralmente degradando liteira ou madeira, sendo, portanto, saprof?ticos, com raras exce??es de esp?cies ectomicorr?zicas. Geastrum ? um dos g?neros gasteroides mais diversos no Brasil, com 51 registros. Contudo, existem lacunas de conhecimento quanto ? distribui??o geogr?fica e sistem?tica deste g?nero no pa?s. Especialmente, devido ?s caracter?sticas encontradas em territ?rio brasileiro (megavidersidade, ?hotspots? e tamanho continetal), as quais o tornam ?rea priorit?ria para invent?rio de esp?cies. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou realizar inventariar esp?cies Geastrum ocorrentes em ?reas da Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica do Nordeste. Foram realizadas pelo menos duas expedi??es de campo, com dura??o aproximada de quatro dias, durante per?odos de chuva dos anos 2013 e 2014 para as ?reas: Reserva Biol?gica de Guaribas, localizada no dom?nio Mata Atl?ntica da Para?ba e Reserva Ecol?gica Estadual Mata do Pau Ferro, localizada nos ?Brejos Paraibanos?. Al?m disso, foram analisados esp?cimes depositados no Herb?rio UFRN-Fungos, os quais foram coletados no Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau, Caatinga de Pernambuco. Os esp?cimes foram identificados de acordo com a an?lise de macro e micromorfologia, seguindo literatura espec?fica. Foram analisados cerca de 400 basidiomas, distribu?dos em 73 exsicatas. Foram identificadas 21 esp?cies, 19 em n?vel de esp?cie, sendo duas destas propostas como novas esp?cies (Geastrum magnosporum sp. nov. e G. pusillupilosum sp. nov.) e duas em n?vel de g?nero (sp. e aff.). Destaca-se um novo registro para o Brasil, 12 novos registros para o estado da Para?ba, quatro novos registros para a regi?o Semi?rida do Brasil e seis novos registros para a vegeta??o de ?Brejos de Altitude?. Desta forma, os resultados representam um aumento de 200% no conhecimento do g?nero Geastrum na Para?ba, 24 % no Semi?rido e 55% no ?Brejo de Altitude?, demostrando que o Nordeste brasileiro apresenta uma alta riqueza de esp?cies. / Geastraceae is a monophyletic family included in the gomphoid-phalloid clade, it is composed only by two genus: Geastrum and Myriostoma. These genus are closely related in their morphology and phylogeny, both showing angiocarpic basidiomata, apical stoma, basidiospores passively released by the bellows mechanism and exoperidium dehiscent in rays, these genus are distinct by the number of stomas and pedicels. Because of dehiscense of exoperidium they are popularly known as ?earthstars?. Usually they occur on decomposing leaf-litter and decaying wood. They are, thus, saprophytic, with rare exceptions of ectomycorrhizal species. Geastrum is the most diverse gasteroid genus in Brazil, with an estimated 51 records. However, there are large gaps in the geographic distribution and systematics studies about the Geastrum in this country, especially because of the characteristics found in the Brazilian territory (megadiverse, hotspots and continental size), which makes it a priority area for species inventory. Thus, this work was aimed at realizing inventory of species of Geastrum, which occur in Caatinga and Northeastern Atlantic Rainforest. At least two field expeditions were realized, during about four days on rainy season of 2013 and 2014 in the areas: Reserva Biol?gica de Guaribas, located in Atlantic Rainforest domain, Para?ba State and Reserva Ecol?gica Estadual Mata do Pau Ferro, located on ?Brejos Paraibanos?, Para?ba State. Furthermore, specimens deposited in the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, which were collected in Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau, Caatinga of Pernambuco State, were analyzed. The specimens were identified according to analysis of macro and micro morphology based on specific literature. Approximately 400 basidiomata, distributed in 73 exsiccates were analyzed. 21 species were identified, 19 are in specie level, which two are proposed to new species. (Geastrum magnosporum sp. nov. e G. pusillupilosum sp. nov.) and two in genera level (sp. e aff.). We emphasize one new record for Brazil, 12 new records for Para?ba State, four new records for semiarid region in Brazil and six new records to Atlantic Rainforest relicts ?Brejo de Altitude?. So, the results improved the knowledge about Geastrum in Para?ba State by 200%, 24 % in Brazilian semiarid region and 55% in Atlantic Rainforest relicts ?Brejo de Altitude?, evincing that Northeastern Brazil has high species richness.