Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-250).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75). Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18805号 / 理博第4063号 / 新制||理||1584(附属図書館) / 31756 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 土`山 明, 准教授 三宅 亮, 准教授 伊藤 正一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Currently, there is no standard protocol to identify students who are gifted in science. If students are identified as gifted early on in elementary school, teachers and parents can foster their interest, increasing the students’ knowledge, value, and affect as well as their willingness to re-engage science (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002; Gottfried & Gottfried, 1996; Häussler 1987; Neber & Schommer-Aikins, 2002; Osborne, 2003; Schunk, Pintrich, & Meece, 2008). In this study, a brief student identification form was developed for elementary school teachers to complete. The form was based on Hidi and Renninger’s (2006) four-phase model of interest development. The form was one piece of a more comprehensive identification protocol. Students in grades second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth from six Warren County elementary schools were asked to participate in this study. However, due to insufficient data, grades two and six were not used after collection. Few sixth grade teachers completed the forms and second graders did not take the ITBS. This study primarily focused on identifying students from underrepresented populations. These six schools, Cumberland Trace, Bristow, Lost River, Oakland, Richardsville, and North Warren, were chosen based on their larger population of students who qualify for free and reduced lunch.

La temperatura de curado, utilizada por la industria de fibrocemento como catalizador en la hidratación del cemento para lograr alta resistencia inicial en sus productos, genera la hipótesis de expansión causada por formación tardía de etringita. Para el planteamiento de dicha hipótesis, el siguiente estudio contempló dos grupos de muestras con el objetivo de estudiar aisladamente su comportamiento químico y físico: uno de los grupos conformado por pasta cementicia con 35% de sustitución de calcario, y el otro conformado por fibrocemento con incorporación de PVA y celulosa. Por calorimetría isotérmica se observó la cinética de reacción de dos pastas, una de ellas curada a 23 ºC y la otra a 85 ºC donde esta última experimentó un efecto catalizador en sus reacciones. Ensayos de DRX y DTG/TG mostraron la presencia de etringita a 23 °C durante todas las edades de hidratación exhibiendo una tendencia de aumento en la intensidad de los picos y en la cantidad, respectivamente, en función del tiempo; sin embargo, a 85 ºC la presencia de esta fase fue inconstante durante las primeras edades de hidratación, a partir de mes de hidratación mostró aumento en cada una de las siguientes medidas realizadas mensualmente; a 85 °C hubo una menor formación de portlandita en comparación con los resultados obtenidos a 23 °C. Utilizando el método Rietveld y análisis químico fueron determinadas las cantidades y las composiciones químicas, respectivamente, de las fases del cemento anhidro y del calcario para alimentar el programa GEMS y simular la hidratación de la pasta estudiada en laboratorio para un tiempo infinito bajo la influencia de la temperatura. Simulaciones de la hidratación de la pasta se aproximaron a los resultados reportados por la revisión bibliográfica permitiendo predecir la presencia de fases en función de la estabilidad termodinámica. Resultados de porosimetría por inyección de mercurio mostraron una mayor concentración de poros, asociados a defectos, en muestras curadas a 85°C con respecto a las de 23 °C. Finalmente, medidas de variación longitudinal para muestras de fibrocemento elaboradas en laboratorio y en fábrica presentaron dispersión en los resultados de expansión para cada uno de los escenarios sin poder correlacionar todos los datos con el aumento de masa exhibido por cada una de las muestras; no obstante, se resalta el riesgo de deterioro del fibrocemento por el aumento de defectos causado por la temperatura así como la creación de todas las condiciones necesarias que favorecen la formación tardía de etringita a partir del proceso de fabricación empleado para este producto. / The curing temperature using by the fibercement industry as a catalyst in the hydration of cement, hypothesizes expansion caused by delayed ettringite formation. To approach this hypothesis, this study looked at two groups of samples in order to study its chemical and physical behavior individually. One group was composed of cement paste with 35% substitution of limestone filler, and the other by fibercement with addition of PVA and cellulose. In the isothermal calorimetry test was observed the kinetics reaction of both pastes, one cured at 23 °C and the other at 85 °C, the latter showed a catalytic effect in his reactions. XRD and DTG/TG showed the presence of ettringite at 23 °C for all hydration ages exhibiting a trend of increase in the peak intensity and amount, respectively in function of time, however, at 85 °C the presence of this phase was unstable during early ages of hydration until completing one month hydration where showed an increase in each of the following measurements monthly performed. At 85 °C there was a lower formation of portlandite when it was compared with results obtained at 23 °C. Using the Rietveld quantitative method analysis and chemical analysis were determined amounts and chemical compositions, respectively, of the phases of cement anhydrous and limestone filler to feed the GEMS software and simulate the hydration of paste studied in the laboratory for an infinite time under the influence of temperature. Simulations of paste hydration approached the reported data in literature allowing predicting the presence of phases according to thermodynamic stability. Additionally, results of mercury intrusion porosimetry showed a higher concentration of pores associated with defects, in samples cured at 85 ° C compared to 23 °. Finally, were taken measures of length offset of fibercement samples produced in laboratory and factory which had incorporation of PVA fibers and cellulose; they presented dispersion in the results of expansion for each of the scenarios unable to correlate with the mass gain exhibited by each sample. However, the risk of deterioration of the fibercement is highlighted by the increase of defects caused by temperature and the creation of all necessary conditions to favor the late formation of ettringite from the manufacturing process used for this product.

La temperatura de curado, utilizada por la industria de fibrocemento como catalizador en la hidratación del cemento para lograr alta resistencia inicial en sus productos, genera la hipótesis de expansión causada por formación tardía de etringita. Para el planteamiento de dicha hipótesis, el siguiente estudio contempló dos grupos de muestras con el objetivo de estudiar aisladamente su comportamiento químico y físico: uno de los grupos conformado por pasta cementicia con 35% de sustitución de calcario, y el otro conformado por fibrocemento con incorporación de PVA y celulosa. Por calorimetría isotérmica se observó la cinética de reacción de dos pastas, una de ellas curada a 23 ºC y la otra a 85 ºC donde esta última experimentó un efecto catalizador en sus reacciones. Ensayos de DRX y DTG/TG mostraron la presencia de etringita a 23 °C durante todas las edades de hidratación exhibiendo una tendencia de aumento en la intensidad de los picos y en la cantidad, respectivamente, en función del tiempo; sin embargo, a 85 ºC la presencia de esta fase fue inconstante durante las primeras edades de hidratación, a partir de mes de hidratación mostró aumento en cada una de las siguientes medidas realizadas mensualmente; a 85 °C hubo una menor formación de portlandita en comparación con los resultados obtenidos a 23 °C. Utilizando el método Rietveld y análisis químico fueron determinadas las cantidades y las composiciones químicas, respectivamente, de las fases del cemento anhidro y del calcario para alimentar el programa GEMS y simular la hidratación de la pasta estudiada en laboratorio para un tiempo infinito bajo la influencia de la temperatura. Simulaciones de la hidratación de la pasta se aproximaron a los resultados reportados por la revisión bibliográfica permitiendo predecir la presencia de fases en función de la estabilidad termodinámica. Resultados de porosimetría por inyección de mercurio mostraron una mayor concentración de poros, asociados a defectos, en muestras curadas a 85°C con respecto a las de 23 °C. Finalmente, medidas de variación longitudinal para muestras de fibrocemento elaboradas en laboratorio y en fábrica presentaron dispersión en los resultados de expansión para cada uno de los escenarios sin poder correlacionar todos los datos con el aumento de masa exhibido por cada una de las muestras; no obstante, se resalta el riesgo de deterioro del fibrocemento por el aumento de defectos causado por la temperatura así como la creación de todas las condiciones necesarias que favorecen la formación tardía de etringita a partir del proceso de fabricación empleado para este producto. / The curing temperature using by the fibercement industry as a catalyst in the hydration of cement, hypothesizes expansion caused by delayed ettringite formation. To approach this hypothesis, this study looked at two groups of samples in order to study its chemical and physical behavior individually. One group was composed of cement paste with 35% substitution of limestone filler, and the other by fibercement with addition of PVA and cellulose. In the isothermal calorimetry test was observed the kinetics reaction of both pastes, one cured at 23 °C and the other at 85 °C, the latter showed a catalytic effect in his reactions. XRD and DTG/TG showed the presence of ettringite at 23 °C for all hydration ages exhibiting a trend of increase in the peak intensity and amount, respectively in function of time, however, at 85 °C the presence of this phase was unstable during early ages of hydration until completing one month hydration where showed an increase in each of the following measurements monthly performed. At 85 °C there was a lower formation of portlandite when it was compared with results obtained at 23 °C. Using the Rietveld quantitative method analysis and chemical analysis were determined amounts and chemical compositions, respectively, of the phases of cement anhydrous and limestone filler to feed the GEMS software and simulate the hydration of paste studied in the laboratory for an infinite time under the influence of temperature. Simulations of paste hydration approached the reported data in literature allowing predicting the presence of phases according to thermodynamic stability. Additionally, results of mercury intrusion porosimetry showed a higher concentration of pores associated with defects, in samples cured at 85 ° C compared to 23 °. Finally, were taken measures of length offset of fibercement samples produced in laboratory and factory which had incorporation of PVA fibers and cellulose; they presented dispersion in the results of expansion for each of the scenarios unable to correlate with the mass gain exhibited by each sample. However, the risk of deterioration of the fibercement is highlighted by the increase of defects caused by temperature and the creation of all necessary conditions to favor the late formation of ettringite from the manufacturing process used for this product.

O quartzo é um mineral abundante na crosta terrestre e pode ser valorizado através do design. A cor é um importante elemento de design e algumas gemas são incolores ou possuem cores e tonalidades pouco atrativas, necessitando de tratamento para serem revalorizadas. O intuito desta pesquisa é usar o recurso tecnológico da irradiação industrial para estudar parâmetros desse processo, a fim de gerar contribuições aos desenvolvedores de materiais gemológicos exclusivos e diferenciados ou de joias de arte (design autoral). Para isso, foram realizados experimentos com fonte panorâmica de Cobalto-60 estocada a seco, com aproximadamente 33398,34 TBq de atividade. Foram selecionadas variedades de quartzo de diferentes regiões brasileiras a fim de gerar materiais bicolores para futuro estudo do desenvolvimento de desenhos pela técnica de irradiação seletiva. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas: 1) A primeira etapa consistiu no desenvolvimento de diretrizes, seleção de materiais e experimentos piloto. Foram testados principalmente variedades de quartzo provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul, 2) A segunda etapa consistiu na irradiação homogênea e seletiva do quartzo rosa de Águas vermelhas-MG e rosa-pálido límpido de Pedra Lavrada-PB. Com relação à irradiação homogênea, foi estudada a variação de tonalidade de cor obtida após a irradiação em amostras com diferentes espessuras e dose mínima e máxima da irradiação para alteração cromática; já com relação à irradiação seletiva, foi estudada a relação da espessura de amostras de chumbo para atenuação da irradiação, contraste de tonalidade resultante da atenuação, espessura de fresta entre as amostras de chumbo, afastamento da amostra em relação à atenuação provocada pelo chumbo, altura do experimento em relação à fonte de irradiação e sobreposição de doses para o desenvolvimento de efeito estético “xadrez”. A irradiação seletiva foi realizada através da atenuação da radiação gama com amostras de diferentes espessuras de chumbo, 20, 10, 5 e 3 cm. As espessuras das fatias polidas de quartzo para visualização da cor foram de 2 mm e 4 mm. Os resultados foram analisados por sistema de cores hue, saturation e brigh (HSB) de modo experimental, por espectrometria no Infravermelho (FTIR) e na região de luz visível (UV-Vis). Nesta pesquisa pôde-se destacar alguns parâmetros para a irradiação seletiva do quartzo rosa-pálido de Pedra Lavrada, PB, pois as outras variedades de quartzo não apresentaram aspectos tão interessantes. / Quartz is an abundant mineral in the earth's crust and can be enhanced by design. The color is an important design element and some gems are colorless or have unattractive colors and shades, requiring treatment to be enhanced. Among various ways to change or improve the color of a gem, gamma irradiation Cobalt-60 has been approved in the world trade. The purpose of this research is to use the installed resources of Brazilian industrial irradiation, to study parameters of this process to apply in design, in order to generate contributions to develop unique gemological materials or art jewelry (authorial design). For this, experiments were conducted with a dry stored panoramic source of Cobalt-60, with approximately 33,398.34 terabecquerel (TBq) activity. Different quartz varieties of several Brazilian regions were selected in order to produce bi-colored materials, for development of future drawing studies by selective irradiation techniques. The research was separated into two stages: 1) The first step was the development of guidelines, materials selection and pilot experiments, being tested mainly quartz varieties from Rio Grande do Sul, 2) The second step was of homogeneous and selective irradiation of massive pink quartz of Águas Vermelhas-MG and clear pale pink quartz of Pedra Lavrada-PB. In the homogeneous irradiation studies, the variation in shade obtained after irradiation (in different thicknesses of samples) and maximum and minimum dose of radiation to color change was analyzed; In the selective irradiation, it was studied the relation between the thickness of lead samples to the radiation attenuation, the final color tone contrast attenuation, thickness gap between the lead samples, the sample distance from the lead, in relation to the radiation attenuation, elevations of the experiment samples relative to the irradiation source, and overlapping doses to the development of a “chess” aesthetic effect. Selective irradiation was performed through the attenuation of gamma radiation with lead samples of thickness of, 10, 20, 5 and 3 cm. The thicknesses of quartz polished slices for color visualization was of 2 mm and 4 mm. The results were analyzed by experimental color systems that include hue, saturation and bright (HSB) analysis, by Infrared (FT-IR) and visible light region (UV-Vis) spectrometry. In this research it was possible to point out some parameters for selective irradiation of pale pink quartz of Pedra Lavrada-PB, once the other quartz varieties tested did not present such interesting results.

O estado do Rio Grande do Sul possui as maiores jazidas de ágata de que se tem conhecimento. Este material gemológico é utilizado para uma gama abrangente de aplicações em joalheria e produtos e neste formato pode elevar significativamente o seu valor de mercado. Cerca de 80% da produção de ágata é destinada à exportação, principalmente para a China e a Alemanha. O centro de beneficiamento de ágata no Brasil, que detém a maior concentração de empresas, está localizado na região de Soledade, no Rio Grande do Sul. Este município é conhecido mundialmente como polo industrial de “pedras preciosas”. Porém as tecnologias de beneficiamento de ágata das indústrias locais são bastante limitadas e com pouca inovação, sendo que o trabalho tem maior foco na comercialização direta, ou seja, em bruto, e em alguns produtos manufaturados de baixa complexidade tecnológica. Esta pesquisa trata da produção de camafeus, que são pequenas esculturas feitas normalmente em ágata e que são utilizadas na forma de broches e adornos, que em composição com ouro e prata podem se transformar em produtos de joalheria. Para tal, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de equipamento para a confecção de camafeus, por um sistema de cópia, sendo uma adaptação de uma fresadora pantográfica. Esse protótipo foi projetado para ser utilizado pelos pequenos produtores soledadenses, que contabilizam cerca de 150 empresas cadastradas na APPESOL (Associação dos Pequenos Pedristas de Soledade). A proposta é de uma alternativa técnica de baixo custo para a criação de produtos de alto valor agregado e a inserção de esculturas em ágata feitas no Brasil no mercado interno e externo. A copiadora de camafeus faz uso de ferramentas diamantadas e copia um modelo produzido em outro material. Ensaios iniciais apontam que camafeus em ágata podem ser executados com esta técnica, porém há a possibilidade de inúmeros materiais gemológicos serem beneficiados também. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul has the biggest agate deposits, this gemological material is used for a wide range of applications in jewelry and products, increasing significantly its value on the market. About 80% of agate production is exported mainly to China and Germany. The agate processing center in Brazil which holds the largest concentration of companies is located in Soledade, Rio Grande do Sul. This municipality is known worldwide as the gems industrial center. However, the processing technology of the local companies are quite limited, with little innovation, whereas being focused on the direct marketing, in other words, in the raw state, and in some manufactured products with low technological complexity. This research is about the cameo production, which are small sculptures usually made of agate and used in the form of brooches and ornaments, that in composition with gold and silver turn into jewels. In order to achieve this is through the development of an mechanism prototype to produce the cameos, using a copying system by adapting a pantograph milling machine. This prototype was designed to be used by small producers which account for 150 companies registered at APPESOL (Small Gems Producers Association of Soledade). The proposal is a low – cost alternative technique for creating products and insertion of agate sculptures produced in Brazil’s national and international markets. The cameo copy machine makes use of diamond tools, that copies from a model made of different material. Initial tests show that agate cameos can be produced using this technique and other gemological materials can use this technique as well.