Women’s involvement in the fishing sector has been overlooked. The underlying cause of many global conflicts is a lack of access to natural resources. For that reason, it is important to empower women in natural resources. Empowering women to work leads to better growth in third-world countries. Moreover, studying women’s empowerment and gender equality is fundamental to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Women and girls in Tanzania are subjected to discrimination and violence. This study aims to understand women’s role in the fishing sector, their challenges, and how civil society organization works with women’s empowerment in Mwanza, Tanzania. To understand these questions, this study will be based on a case study and use qualitative method to answer the questions. The analytical framework used in this thesis is Kabeer (1999:2005). To understand women's challenges and the view on gender equality in the fishing sector in Mwanza, 28 respondents were interviewed. The study came to the conclusion that women are facing serval challenges for that reason, they can not participate in the fishing sector. However, the government and the village councilors can overcome these challenges.