The diploma thesis is concentrated on the diversity of Eurasian elk (Alces alces), living in the wild and bred in the zoological gardens in Czech Republic, moreover is the thesis concerned with the damages caused on the population of elks during the migration, caused by the means of transport. The main goal was, however, to chart is genetic variability, estimate its percent occurrence in the wild and analyze the information of its migration in the territory of Czech Republic. The genetic variability and diversity of the Eurasian elk (Alces alces) was investigated by the means of microsatellite markers OarFCB5, T156, BM888, RT1, RT13, T26, RM188, BM1818, ETH225, Haut17. From the amount of ten of microsatellite loci studied, there was no found the polymorphism on the two loci (BM888 a Haut17) of the elks from the forest management of Vyšší Brod (LV). On the elks bred in the zoological gardens (LZ) in Czech Republic, the polymorphism was found on all of the loci. The average heterozygosity found was at the highest on the LZ set of loci (HE = 0,6801 and HO = 0,6833), in comparison to the set LV, where the average levels reached was by HE = 0,5162 and HO = 0,5571. The number of alleles proven in loci with polymorphism on the wild population varied in between 2 to 3 and in the reserved breed in zoological gardens from 5 to 8 alleles. On the basis of the results of genetic parameters it can be determined, that there the influence of inbreeding on the wild population's genetic structure was found. The migration was determined from the data acquired about the move of elk game and from research I conducted on my own. During the last five years there were on the ground of personal investigation, from the questionnaires and from media registered 21 cases of observation of the elk game were registered in terms of our territory and also two collisions between the game and vehicle.

The aim was to verify the authenticity marking taxa genus Origanum L. The sortments were grown at the experimental plots ZF MENDELU in 2014. The analysis of the evaluation results of the work carriedout was laso done in the same year. The assortments were morphological described. The morphological characters were such as: plant height, leaf size, inflorescence height, color of the leaves and flowers. Further details were recorded on phenological phases of the taxa. Oregano samples were assessed for quantity of essential oils by distillation and the essential oils was then subjected to qualitative evaluation using the GC-MC method. The genetic relationships were evaluated using the AFLP methods.

Some species of the genus Aesculus are every year heavily infested by horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella), whose larvae are mining the leaves, and under appropriate conditions may damage up to 100% of the leaf area. The effect of lower defense capability of infested trees lead to invasion of fungal (Erysiphe flexuosa, Guignardia aesculi) and bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi) pathogens, and later to higher mortality of infected individuals. In this study were measured the genetic diversity of species A.hippocastanum, A. turbinata, A. glabra, A. parviflora, A. glabra var. arguta, A. x carnea, A. marilandica, A. pavia, and their genotypes with different susceptibility to the leaf miner. Analysis of 8 microsatellite loci, using the SB buffer for separation, showed high polymorfic information content 0.45 -- 0.77 (0,60 in average) and high genetic diversity. For each loci was found average 5.5 aleles. During two vegetation period, leaf area damage of these genotypes was evaluated in statistical software Assess 2.0. Different pressure of leaf miner and different development at each locality was recorded, and even in some cases lower damage was found, in one case it occured permanently. According to the data obtained, the pathological scale was established and the dendogram of similarity was created. Three groups of resistant, non -- resistant and immune individuals were distinguished and five main section of Aesculus was found. By cloning and analysing the inner transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2, inner and inter species variability was examined. For the sequence of hybrid species A. x carnea no compliance was found in NBCI, therefore first sequence of this genotype was obtained.

Hop growers request new cultivar should have qualitative parameters of Saaz semi-early red-bine hop with higher yield potential. Therefore currently, there are efforts to breed new aroma cultivars. The aim of diploma thesis was to evaluate and choose new breeding aroma genotypes, which would show equal or better quality and quantity parameters than Saaz semi-early red-bine hop registered cultivar, based on production indicators, chemical and genetic analyses. Obtained data were evaluated by basic statistical characteristics, two-sided t-tests for independent selections and correlation analysis. A yield is the most important quantitative parameter, which is mainly and significantly dependent on climatic conditions. All evaluated genotypes in diploma thesis have reached higher average yields than ŽPČ cultivar, except genotype 4799. Genotype 4801 reached the highest theoretical yield (2.2 tons of dry hops) in year 2014 and genotype 4975 (1.77 tons of dry hops) in year 2015 from achieved results. A content of alpha bitter acids is the most important qualitative parameter. All aroma new breeding lines have shown parameters of fine aroma hops according to chemical analyses of hop resins. Aroma genotype 4975 showed the highest average contents of alpha and beta bitter acids, balanced ratio between alpha and beta bitter acids, the lowest contents of cohumulone and colupulone, and as well it kept a low or middle variability in all studied traits of chemical analyses of hop resins. A relative content of farnesene higher than 12% is a typical for aroma hop cultivars with ŽPČ cultivar origin. All evaluated genotypes achieved this criteria. We evaluated the relationship to Saaz semi-early red-bine hop cultivar based on genetic analyses. Genotype 4799 has been genetically the closest to ŽPČ. Brewed beers have been a same quality as beers from Saaz semi-early red-bine hop cultivar by sensory evaluation.

This thesis is focused on genetic evaluetion of Cervus nippon komplex and particulary on Cervus nippon pseudaxi and cervus nippon taiouanus kept i European ex situ instituion

No description available.

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with testing of hybrid seeds genetic purity in three varieties of head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The suitability of SSR primers chosen according to an earlier screening carried out as a part of a research project in the workplace of Mendeleum and hybrid seeds genetic purity in head cabbage by SSR molecular method was tested. Among the total of 8 SSR primers screened, only 5 could produce both parent specific markers and therefore they were able to differentiate hybrid offspring and its corresponding parental lines, by which crossbreeding they originated. For each variety, 70 samples of hybrid offspring and 2 samples of parental lines were tested always in two sets. By using these primers, the genetic purity of the variety D - F1 was determinated as 100% and of the varieties H - F1 and T - F1 as 98.57%. The results of this thesis have the potential to be used in practice by a commercial company that has provided the seed samples for testing.

This thesis is focused on analysis of genetic variability of Cannabis sativa L. and sequencing of the candidate genome sequences in selected varieties of Cannabis. In total there were 28 genotypes of hemp were analyzed with 23 microsatellite markers.107 alleles were found whose size ranged from 100 to 360 bp. Uniform marker was detected (CAN1660). The diversity index (DI), the polymorphic information content (PIC) and the probability of identity (PI) were calculated for every microsatellite marker. Similarity dendrogram was constructed on base of statistical evaluation. The specific primer for the patrial sequences of cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDA) gene and the specific complete for the sequences of tethrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA) gene were used for the sequences study. Gained sequences were compared by BLAST. Most sequences had 100% match with sequences in the available databases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the sequences of CBDA synthase. One sequences that did not belong to the genus Cannabis was detected. All obtained sequences will be inserted into the NCBI database and access number will be assigned.

During the process of domestication and selection reduction of genetic diversity of cultivated crops occurred. Currently the main interest of breeders is to transfer some of crop wild relatives’ genes to cultivated crops. Those genes of interest are related e.g. with desease and pest resistance or drought resistance. Hybridization of wild and cultivated species is prevented by reproductive isolation. The frequent phonomenon in hybrids is called nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility, which is manifested by reduced fertility, sterility or lethality. In this phenomenon occurs conflict between nuclear-encoded genes with genes encoded in the organellar genomes. The identified accD candidate gene responsible for nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility in pea is highly variable due to insertions and deletions. High variability of the accD gene was also confirmed in the genera Lathyrus and Vicia. Variability was observed in gene sequence lenghts caused by presence of indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms. In comparative analysis with other regions of cpDNA commonly used in phylogenetics, the region of the accD gene had the highest value of parsimonially informative sites. The phylogeny derived from the region of the accD gene corresponds to the phylogeny based on combined chloroplast markers, therefore the accD gene may be suitable for this type of analysis.