Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-17T20:36:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_VivianePedrosoFausto.pdf: 2096881 bytes, checksum: c58d1ae11d22b250146714c3cf084b16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_VivianePedrosoFausto.pdf: 2096881 bytes, checksum: c58d1ae11d22b250146714c3cf084b16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterium that causes an infection called listeriosis, Although rare, this infection can be lethal for immunocompromised, pregnant, and stillborn. The objective of this work was to develop, characterize, evaluate the stability, anti-Listeria monocytogenes activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanostructures (nanocapsules and nanoemulsion) containing Geranium essential oil (OEG), as well as verify synergistic effects with the essential oils of Cinnamon, Lemongrass And Thyme. The characterization of the essential oils was performed by GCMS. The nanocapsules (NC) were prepared by the interfacial deposition method of the preformed polymer while Geranium nanoemulsion (NEG) was prepared by homogenization using an Ultra-Turrax T18. The analysis of the stability indicators was performed by the evaluation of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and pH for 60 days. The bactericidal effect of the different concentrations of the essential oils, pure or in combination and the synergism were determined by the serial microdilution technique, the cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT assays and determination of the LDH in VERO cells and the genotoxicity was evaluated by the GEMO test. Results: The NCGs produced had mean nanometer diameters of (232.6 nm), polydispersity indices below 0.053, pH 3.5 and zeta potentials of about -20.7 mV. The study demonstrated that the stability of the formulations is temperature dependent, remaining more stable at refrigeration temperatures (4 °C) or at stable temperatures (25 ° C). The NEG had mean nanometer diameters of (136.2.6 nm), polydispersity indices below 0.039, pH 3.4 and zeta potentials of about -8.1 mV. The MICs obtained for Geranium, Cinnamon, Campi-lemon and Thyme oils were 10975 mg / ml, 0.05 mg / ml, 0.18 mg / ml and 0.35 mg / ml, respectively. The CIM of NEG was 0.0625 mg / ml and the nanocapsules did not demonstrate antimicrobial activity in the test performed. It was possible to observe at least one point of synergism between the OE of geraniums and the tested EOs.the nanostructures did not show synergistic effect with OE. In the MTT assay OEG and NEG showed increased cell viability at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 μg / μl as compared to the control, the LDH assay shows that both OEG and NEG at concentrations of 0,1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg / μl were not cytotoxic. In the GEMO test the OEG had a genoprotective effect on lymphocytes at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 μg / μl. The study demonstrated that both OG and NEG do not present tocicity 7 and genotoxicity but present very high MIC values to be used in food, and the synergism and nanostructuring were a good alternative to reduce the amount of oil required for an antimicrobial response. / A Listeria monocytogenes é um microrganismo contaminante de alimentos causador da listeriose, uma infecção que embora rara pode ser letal para indivíduos imunodeficientes, gestantes e neonatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver, nanoestruturas contendo óleo essencial de Gerânio (OEG), caracterizar, avaliar a atividade contra L. monocytogenes, a cito e genotoxicidade, bem como verificar efeitos sinérgicos com os óleos essenciais de Canela, Capim-limão e Tomilho. A caracterização dos óleos essenciais foi realizada por GC-MS. As nanocápsulas (NC) foram preparadas pelo método de deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado enquanto a nanoemulsão de Gerânio (NEG) foi preparada por homogeneização utilizando um T18 Ultra-Turrax. A análise dos indicadores de estabilidade foi realizada pela avaliação do tamanho de partícula, índice de polidispersão, potencial zeta e pH por 60 dias. O efeito bactericida das diferentes concentrações dos óleos essenciais e o sinergismo foram determinados pela técnica de microdiluição seriada, a citotoxicidade foi determinada pelos ensaios de MTT e LDH e a genotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo teste GEMO. Resultados: As NCG produzidas apresentaram diâmetros nanométricos médios de (232,6 nm), índices de polidispersão abaixo de 0,053, pH de 3,5 e potenciais zeta de cerca de -20,7 mV. O estudo demonstrou que a estabilidade das formulações são mais estáveis em temperatura ambiente (25 ºC). A NEG apresentou diâmetros nanométricos médio de (136,2 nm), índices de polidispersão abaixo de 0,039, pH de 3,4 e potenciais zeta de cerca de -8,1 mV. As CIM obtidas para os óleos de Gerânio, Canela, Campi-limão e Tomilho foram de 10975 mg/ml, 0,05 mg/ml, 0,18 mg/ml e 0,35 mg/ml respectivamente. A CIM da NEG foi de 0,0625 mg/ml e as nanocápsulas não demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana no teste realizado. Foi possível observar pelo menos um ponto de sinergismo entre o OEG os OE testados. As nanoestruturas não apresentaram efeito sinérgico com os OE. No ensaio de MTT o OEG e a NEG apresentaram um aumento da viabilidade celular nas concentrações de 10, 100 e 1000 μg/μl quando comparado com o controle. O ensaio de LDH mostrou que tanto o OEG quanto a NEG nas concentrações de 0,1, 1, 10, 100 e 1000 μg/μl não foram citotóxicas. No teste GEMO o OEG apresentou um efeito genoprotetor sobre os linfócitos nas concentrações de 10, 100 e 1000 μg/μl. O presente estudo demonstrou que tanto o OEG quanto a NEG não apresentaram toxicidade e genotoxicidade porém apresentam valores de CIM muito altos para poder serem utilizados em alimentos, podendo ser o sinergismo e a nanoestruturação uma boa alternativa para reduzir a quantidade de óleo necessária para uma resposta antimicrobiana.

Field experiments (2007-2009) and laboratory bioassays (2009) tested the efficacy of insecticides with short pre-harvest intervals, caneberry cultivar susceptibility, and geranium toxicity for reducing Japanese beetle (JB) activity on primocane-bearing caneberries. Deltamethrin, chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin, lime-alum, and thyme oil reduced JB activity in the field. Deltamethrin, chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, an azadirachtin and pyrethrin mixture, an azadirachtin and neem oil extract mixture, and an extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides reduced JB activity during the bioassays. "Prelude" had significantly more JB than "Anne", "Caroline", "Heritage", "Dinkum", or "Himbo Top" and "Prime-Jan" had significantly more JB than "Prime-Jim". Compared to certain cultivars, "Heritage", "Caroline", "Himbo Top", and "Prime-Jan" had higher percentages of injured fruit and "Autumn Bliss", "Heritage", and "Caroline" produced greater marketable and overall yields. "Prime-Jan" produced more overall yield than "Prime-Jim"; marketable yields from both blackberry cultivars were similar. Defoliation was significantly less for "Dinkum", "Caroline", "Heritage", and "Anne" than for "Prelude" in 2008 and significantly less for "Caroline" and "Anne" than "Prelude" or "Fall Gold" in 2009. In field tests, previous consumption of geraniums lessened raspberry defoliation by JB. Bioassays indicated that JB activity was only reduced if JB were continually exposed to geranium. Therefore, the efficacy of geranium as a trap crop for JB may be limited. The stink bug species within the caneberries were identified (2008-2009) and Euschistus servus (Say) made up 48.1 % of the overall species composition. Stink bug injury to ripening raspberries was identified as small holes between drupelets; stink bug excretions also ruined fruit. / Master of Science in Life Sciences