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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hur effektivt är fingolimod vid behandling av multipel skleros?

Jamah, Kristina January 2012 (has links)
Multipel skleros (MS) är en kronisk, neurologisk sjukdom som drabbar centrala nervsystemet (CNS). Sjukdomen är autoimmun där kroppens eget immunförsvar angriper nervvävnaden, framför allt myelin, och därefter uppstår en inflammatorisk reaktion. Nerverna i det centrala nervsystemet påverkar många olika funktioner och eftersom myelinet som omsluter nervfibrerna blir inflammerat på olika ställen, både i hjärnan och i ryggmärgen, uppkommer olika typer av symptom. Symptomen för MS kan skilja sig mycket från en individ till en annan, och från skov till skov. Om McDonald-kriterierna uppfylls, som bygger på att minst två separata CNS-lesioner skilda i rum och med minst en månads intervall påvisas utan en tydlig anledning, ställs diagnosen MS. Individer med MS producerar autoreaktiva T-celler som deltar i bildningen av inflammatoriska lesioner längs myelinskidan, men det finns även CNS-celler som gliaceller och astrocyter, som deltar i inflammationsprocessen. Vävnadstypen HLA-DR2 är förknippad med ökad risk att få MS. Den vanligaste och den milda formen av MS, skovvis förlöpande MS, bromsas med immunmodulerande läkemedel som interferon beta, fingolimod, m.fl. Syftet med det här litteraturarbetet var att utreda den kliniska effekten av fingolimod, den första orala behandlingen mot MS, på möjliga skador som förekommer på grund av MS. Studierna som granskades i detta arbete hämtades från Pubmed. Resultatet visar att fingolimod har klinisk effekt vid MS, men det behövs fler studier för att undersöka säkerhetsprofilen mer ingående. I en studie under två år reducerades den årliga skovfrekvensen från 0.4 till mindre än hälften av detta. I en annan två-årig studie, där fingolimod jämfördes med interferon-beta 1a, fanns det en signifikant större reduktion i den årliga skovfrekvensen i fingolimodgruppen (årlig skovfrekvens < 0,20) än i interferongruppen (årlig skovfrekvens 0,33). Majoriteten av patienterna (>70 %) förblev skovfria med fingolimodbehandlingen i båda studierna. Det fanns inga studier där fingolimod kombinerades med annan MS-behandling, vilket skulle vara intressant att se i framtiden. / Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that affects the nerves within the central nervous system (CNS). The disease is autoimmune where the body's own immune system attacks nerve tissue, especially myelin, causing an inflammatory reaction. The nerves of the central nervous system serve many different functions and since the myelin surrounding the nerve fibers becomes inflamed at different places, both in the brain and the spinal cord, a variety of symptoms result. Symptoms of MS can differ greatly from one individual to another, as well as from relapse to relapse. If the McDonald criteria, which are based on at least two separate CNS lesions separated in space and at least one month apart demonstrated without a clear reason, are fulfilled a diagnosis of MS is set. Individuals with MS produce autoreactive T cells involved in the formation of inflammatory lesions along the myelin sheath, but CNS cells, glial cells and astrocytes, also participate in the inflammatory process. Tissue type HLA-DR2 is associated with increased risk of developing MS. The most common and mild form of MS, relapsing-remitting MS, can be slowed down with immunomodulatory drugs such as interferon beta, fingolimod, etc. The aim of this literature study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of fingolimod, the first oral therapy for MS, on the possible damage that occurs due to MS. The studies examined in this work were taken from Pubmed. The results demonstrate that fingolimod has clinical efficacy in MS, but more studies are needed to investigate the safety profile in more detail. In a study over two years the annualized relapse rate was reduced from 0.4 to less than half of this. In another two-year study in which fingolimod was compared with interferon-beta 1a, there was a significantly greater reduction in the annualized relapse rate in the fingolimod group (annualized relapse rate <0.20) than in interferon group (annualized relapse rate 0.33). The majority of patients (>70 %) remained relapse-free with fingolimod treatment in both studies. There were no studies that combined fingolimod with other MS treatments, which would be interesting to see in the future.
2

Conception, synthèse et activité anticancéreuse d’analogues basés sur la molécule FTY720 (Gilenya)

Tessier, Jérémie 10 1900 (has links)
FTY720 (aussi connu sous le nom de Fingolimod ou Gilenya) agit sur les récepteurs sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) et induit la suppression du système immunitaire (immunosuppression). Cette molécule est reconnue pour avoir une activité contre plusieurs cellules cancéreuses. Cette activité est indépendante de l’action sur les récepteurs S1P et on attribue plutôt la mort (apoptose) des cellules cancéreuse à la capacité que possède la molécule à réduire le transport des nutriments dans la cellule. Toutefois, malgré ses nombreux avantages, FTY720 ne peut pas être utilisé afin de traiter des humains puisque l’activation secondaire des récepteurs S1P1 et S1P3 mènent à une diminution du rythme cardiaque (bradycardie) chez les patients. Notre groupe s’est donc concentré sur la synthèse d’analogues qui potentiellement n’activeraient pas le récepteur S1P tout en gardant une activité biologique contre plusieurs cellules cancéreuses. Malgré le fait que nos analogues agissent également sur la diminution du transport des nutriments dans les cellules, nous ne connaissons pas le mécanisme d’action par lequel ceux-ci agissent. Au passage, le projet de recherche ci-présenté nous aura par ailleurs permis de développer une grande variété de sondes photo-actives dans l’espoir d’isoler une ou plusieurs protéines qui seraient impliquées dans le mécanisme d’action. / FTY720 (also known as Fingolimod, or Gilenya) functions as an immunosuppressant due to its effect on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. FTY720 also exhibits anticancer activity in a number of cancer cell lines. This result is independent of its effects on S1P receptors and due instead, to its ability to induce nutrient transporter down-regulation. However, FTY 720 cannot be used in human patients due to bradycardia that occurs secondary to the activation of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. Our group focused on the design and synthesis of constrained FTY720 analogues that do not activate S1P receptors and also have the potential to be safely used in humans due to their potent antiproliferative activity against selected cancer cell lines. Although we know that our analogues, like FTY 720, act as nutrient transporter down-regulators, the proteins involved in the process are not known. We are developing a wide variety of Photo-Cross-Linking Probes to hopefully isolate one or more proteins that may be involved in one of the pathways.

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