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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Visual Displays: Developing a Computational Model Explaining the Global Effect

Stanley, Clayton January 2009 (has links)
This work aims to integrate Byrne’s theory of visual salience computation (2006) with Salvucci’s model of eye movements (2001) by testing participants on a visual search task similar to Findlay (1997). By manipulating the number, salience, and spacing of targets, participants exhibited the global effect averaging phenomena during the first recorded saccade, whereby short‐latency saccades land in between adjacent objects. Previous work has argued that the saccadic targeting system causing the averaging is influenced both by the salience and arrangement of objects displayed (Rao, Zelinsky, Hayho, & Ballard, 2002). However, to accurately account for these results, we did not have to couple the salience system with the saccadic targeting system. Instead, the systems work sequentially and in isolation, whereby the salience system simply hands off the next object to examine to the targeting system, whose accuracy depends only on saccadic latency and the location of the targeted and non‐targeted items.
2

Etude des mécanismes de génération des mouvements saccadiques chez l'homme : effets des propriétés de la configuration visuelle sur la latence et la métrique des saccades

Casteau, Soazig 02 April 2012 (has links)
Les saccades sont de brefs mouvements des yeux dont le but est d'amener les objets visuels périphériques sur la partie fovéale de la rétine. L'ensemble des modèles considère que la programmation de la métrique des saccades reflète tout d'abord le codage spatial distribué au sein du colliculus supérieur (CS), et n'est qu'ensuite modulée par des processus cognitifs endogènes. La majorité considère que les interactions latérales entre les neurones du CS (locales et excitatrices ou distantes et inhibitrices) déterminent où mais aussi quand les yeux bougent. Nos études visaient à (1) tester et préciser la relation entre codage spatial distribué et métrique des saccades, (2) re-examiner si des stratégies visuelles peuvent déterminer cette métrique, et (3) tester le rôle des interactions latérales. Elles reposaient sur l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires de participants humains lors de la visée d'une cible visuelle, présentée seule ou accompagnée d'un distracteur. Nos résultats ont confirmé l'hypothèse de codage spatial distribué ; les champs d'intégration spatiale estimés à partir de la distance maximale entre deux stimuli pour l'exécution d'une saccade vers une position intermédiaire (ou effet global; Findlay, 1982) présentent des propriétés similaires aux champs récepteurs des neurones du CS. Deuxièmement, en désaccord avec l'hypothèse générale, des stratégies visuelles peuvent aussi amener le regard au centre de gravité. Enfin, contrairement à l'hypothèse d'interactions latérales, l'effet d'un distracteur sur la latence des saccades (Walker et al., 1997) est indépendant de la distance qui le sépare de la cible. / Saccades are brief movements of the eyes which bring peripheral visual objects onto the central, foveal part of the retina for detailed visual analysis. All models assume that the programming of saccade metrics primarily reflects distributed spatial coding in the Superior Colliculus (SC), and is only modulated by cognitive, endogenous processes. Furthermore, the majority of models rely on the assumption that lateral interactions between collicular neurons (local and excitatory or distant and inhibitory) are responsible for both where and when the eyes move. The present studies aimed at (1) testing and specifying the relationship between distributed spatial coding and saccade metrics, (2) re-examining the role of visual strategies on saccade metrics, and (3) testing the role of lateral interactions. To this aim, humans' eye movements were recorded in saccade-target tasks, in which the target was presented with or without a distractor stimulus. Results first confirmed the distributed spatial-coding hypothesis by showing that spatial-integration fields as estimated by the maximal distance between two stimuli for the eyes to move to an intermediate location (or global effect; Findlay, 1982) share the same properties as the receptive fields of collicular neurons. Second, in contradiction with the general assumption, visual strategies can also take the eyes to the centre of gravity of the global visual configuration. Third, contrary to the lateral-interaction hypothesis, the effect of a distractor on saccade latency (Walker et al., 1997) is independent of its distance to the target.

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