<p>Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka samband mellan global self-esteem, fysisk aktivitet och social kroppsångest. Vidare var syftet att undersöka skillnader mellan kön, ålder och fysisk aktivitet angående global self-esteem, self-perception och social kroppsångest. 171 försökspersoner deltog i studien genom att svara på en enkät, besående av instrumenten Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) (Fox & Corbin, 1989) och Social Physic Anxiety Scale (SPAS) (Hart, Leary & Rejeski, 1989). Resultatet visade negativa signifikanta samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och global self-esteem och även mellan global self-esteem och social kroppsångest. Däremot fanns inget signifikant samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och social kroppsångest. Män fanns ha högre global self-esteem än kvinnor, däremot fanns kvinnor uppleva högre social kroppsångest än män. Det fanns ingen signifikant ålderskillnad när det gällde global sef-esteem. Vidare upplevde yngre högre social kroppsångest än medelålders. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan fysiskt aktiva och icke fysiskt aktiva när det gäller global self-esteem och social kroppsångest. Detta kan bero på att fysisk aktivitets påverkan på dessa till viss grad har blivit överdriven. Global self-esteem och social kroppsångest är enligt föreliggande studie inte beroende av fysisk aktivitet utan beror på något annat i individens omgivning.</p>

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka samband mellan global self-esteem, fysisk aktivitet och social kroppsångest. Vidare var syftet att undersöka skillnader mellan kön, ålder och fysisk aktivitet angående global self-esteem, self-perception och social kroppsångest. 171 försökspersoner deltog i studien genom att svara på en enkät, besående av instrumenten Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) (Fox & Corbin, 1989) och Social Physic Anxiety Scale (SPAS) (Hart, Leary & Rejeski, 1989). Resultatet visade negativa signifikanta samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och global self-esteem och även mellan global self-esteem och social kroppsångest. Däremot fanns inget signifikant samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och social kroppsångest. Män fanns ha högre global self-esteem än kvinnor, däremot fanns kvinnor uppleva högre social kroppsångest än män. Det fanns ingen signifikant ålderskillnad när det gällde global sef-esteem. Vidare upplevde yngre högre social kroppsångest än medelålders. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan fysiskt aktiva och icke fysiskt aktiva när det gäller global self-esteem och social kroppsångest. Detta kan bero på att fysisk aktivitets påverkan på dessa till viss grad har blivit överdriven. Global self-esteem och social kroppsångest är enligt föreliggande studie inte beroende av fysisk aktivitet utan beror på något annat i individens omgivning.

Studies indicate that global self-esteem, an individual's overall sense of self-worth, and academic self-esteem, self-worth related to academics, are positively related to academic achievement. This relationship holds for white adolescents. However, while still positive, this relationship is weaker for African Americans, who have high global and academic self-esteem, but very low academic achievement. Patterns for Mexican Americans are less clear, but their global and academic self-esteem appear to fall between the range for white and African American adolescents, while their academic achievement is similar to that of African Americans. To address this, I construct Combinatoric Identity Theory (CIT), a symbolic interactionist theory that incorporates the importance of racial/ethnic and student identities into our current understandings of self-esteem and achievement. I then apply CIT to data collected on Mexican American and white tenth-graders.After a discussion of the relevant literature on education, self-esteem, and identity, I discuss my data collection strategy and techniques. This is followed by empirical analysis. Results indicate that identity processes do affect self-esteem, and that they operate in similar ways for Mexican American and white adolescents. Implications of these results and directions for future research are then presented.

STUDENT NUMBER: 0301561E MASTERS OF EDUCATION FACULTY OF HUMANITIES-DISCIPLINE OF SPECIALISED EDUCATION / The purpose of this study was to examine whether: actual and ideal body mass index (BMI) scores, perception of a weight problem, racial identity, physical exercise, weight control behaviour and stage of pubertal development predict levels of global self-esteem in average academic achieving English speaking middle-class adolescent females. The sample consisted of 90 females, ranging in age from 13 years 3 months to 18 years 7 months who were attending Benoni High School. BMI was measured and desired BMI based on self-reported weight and height. Self-perception of having a weight problem was evaluated by one question: “Do you see yourself as having a weight problem?” Self-esteem was measured in two ways: firstly participants completed the Rosenburg Self-esteem Scale and secondly homeroom teachers were asked to give a score of global self-esteem. A significant association was found between global self-esteem and: a perceived weight problem, actual BMI and race. No significant association was found between global self-esteem and: weight control behaviour; physical exercise, age of menarcheal onset and ideal BMI. KEY WORDS Global self-esteem, adolescent females, BMI, racial identity, weight control behaviour, physical exercise and pubertal development

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This study aimed to investigate whether there was a correlation between an individual’s selfesteem and search for confirmation on social media. The study also sought to answer whether there were differences in self-esteem and search for confirmation from a gender perspective. In this study social media was defined as Instagram. The choice was founded on the basis that Instagram in the current situation is one of the world's largest social media that allows users to share their everydaylife in pictures, which are commented and ”liked” by other users. Data were collected through a quantitative survey. The study's 94 participants were students at Karlstad University who responded to an anonymous electronic survey via the learning platform It's Learning. Self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The search for confirmation on Instagram was measured by eight claims which were answered on a five-point Likert scale, and together created a confirmation-index. Collected data was processed in SPSS and analyzed by the Pearson correlation test and two independent t-tests. The study adopted a deductive approach.There was no significant correlation between self-esteem and search for confirmation on Instagram. An independent t-test showed that there were no significant differences between men and women regarding self-esteem. Nor was there any significant differences between men and women regarding the search for confirmation on Instagram. / Studien har syftat till att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan en individs självkänsla och sökande av bekräftelse på sociala medier. Studien sökte även besvara om det fanns skillnader i självkänsla och bekräftelsesökande utifrån ett könsperspektiv. Sociala medier definierades i samband med denna studie till Instagram. Valet grundades utifrån att Instagram i dagsläget är ett av världens största sociala medier och tillåter användare att dela sin vardag i form av bilder, som kommenteras och gillas av andra användare. Data samlades in genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Studiens 94 deltagare var studerande vid Karlstads Universitet som besvarade en anonym elektronisk enkät via lärplattformen It’s Learning. Självkänsla mättes genom Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Bekräftelsesökande på Instagram mättes genom åtta påståenden som besvarades på en femgradig likertskala, och tillsammans skapade ett bekräftelse-index. Insamlad data hanterades i SPSS och analyserades genom Pearsons korrelationstest samt två oberoende t-tester. Studien antog en deduktiv ansats. Det förelåg inget signifikant samband mellan självkänsla och bekräftelsesökande på Instagram. Ett oberoende t-test visade att det inte fanns några signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande självkänsla. Det framkom heller inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande bekräftelsesökande på Instagram.

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The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors (i.e. sending, posting, or sharing/forwarding sexually suggestive messages, nude/semi-nude pictures/videos, or both) among selected undergraduate students and also to determine relationships among attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Results of this study showed statistically significant differences in sexting behaviors among demographic variables gender, current relationship status, lifetime sexual partners and current sexual partners. Nearly 700 (n=697) surveys were completed from selected undergraduate students during the spring semester of 2011. According to the findings, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Also, attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions were found to predict lifetime sexting behaviors, with behavioral intentions as the strongest predictor sexting behaviors. For non-sexters, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions. Attitudes and subjective norms toward sexting are both found to be predictors of behavioral intentions to sext for lifetime and current non-sexters, with attitudes toward sexting being the strongest predictor of sexting behavioral intentions. Future research on sexting should go even further in depth to help explain reasons for sexting as well as reasons for not sexting. Also, future research should explore the benefits of sexting among consensual adults, paying particular attention to how sexting is used for sexual communication and sexual assertiveness. Recommendations for the profession of health education and health educators focused on preventing negative consequences of underage sexting, and promoting the benefits of sexting among consenting adults in relationships with mutual respect for each other.

This study examined how adult romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance dimensions), global self-esteem, and social and academic self-views relate to one another and how well they predict preference for a specific feedback type (enhancing, verifying, or no feedback) from a potential romantic partner in times of distress. It also investigated the relation between the type of feedback one receives and attraction to the partner who gives that type of feedback. Multiple regression analyses supported some predicted relations between romantic attachment and feedback preference. Neither global self-esteem nor social and academic self-views predicted preference for a particular feedback type, nor did social self-views moderate the relation between attachment and feedback preference. Although global self-esteem was found to moderate the relation between attachment style and feedback preference, the moderation effects were not in the predicted directions. However, academic self-views were found to moderate the relation between attachment and feedback preference. In addition, anxious and avoidant attachment related negatively to global self-esteem, social self-views, and academic self-view. Global self-esteem related positively to both social and academic self-views. Receiving one's preferred feedback predicted attraction to the potential romantic partner who gave that type of feedback. Limitations of the study and direction for future research are discussed.

The main objective of this thesis is to verify the relationship of the contextually specific motivation in sport to a global self-esteem and possible mediation effects of the physical self-perceptions in this relationship. To achieve this objective six individual studies were conducted. First, we focused on the translation of diagnostic instruments: the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS; Pelletier et al., 1995) and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart, Leary, Rejeski, 1989) into the Czech language. Next, the validity and reliability of the scores obtained by Czech versions of the instruments were examined. Based on the results of the structural equation modeling and using a known-difference evidence validity approach we concluded that both translated instruments may be useful as a valid and reliable diagnostic tools for measuring different kinds of motivation in sport (SMS) and negative physical self-perception (social physical anxiety - SPAS). Using structural equation modeling, we also concluded that different types of motivation in sport (which vary in degree of relative autonomy of the subject) affect specific self-esteem associated with the body, as well as the evaluation of one's self at the global level. Relationship of the sport motivation and the global self-esteem was largely mediated...