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Uma Abordagem para Recomendação de Módulos para Projetos de Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Linhas de Produto de SoftwarePereira, Thaís Alves Burity 28 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Software Product Line (SPL) has been adopted by software industry in recent years, mainly
by promoting software reuse in a systematic and predictable way, and supporting product
development for global markets. Despite the benefits, SPL requires a high initial effort and
the involvement of domain experts, which are not always available in a local team. In such a
scenario, Global Software Development (GSD) approaches would be applied to find domain
experts and more qualified teams for SPL projects. Moreover, such work strategy reinforces
some of the benefits already offered by SPL approach, such as reducing development cost and
increasing product quality. Nonetheless, GSD approaches also present some obstacles, which
are mainly related to communication between dispersed development teams. Assuming that
dependencies between software components greatly influence the need for communication
between their respective development teams, in this work it is presented an approach to
identify candidates for modules to be developed in a (partially) independent manner by
geographically dispersed teams, in which a module is a clustering of components. To do so,
the approach defines: quantitative measures that describe the dependence between software
components in SPL projects; an algorithm based on metaheuristics for clustering components
into modules, dealing with clustering as an optimization problem; and a quantitative measure
that describe the dependencies between modules, which must be employed to guide the
allocation of the development teams to the modules. / Linhas de Produto de Software (LPS) tem ganhado bastante espaço na indústria de software
nos últimos anos, principalmente por promover o reuso de maneira sistemática e previsível, e
oferecer apoio ao desenvolvimento de produtos para mercados globais. No entanto, o
desenvolvimento de LPS exige das organizações grande investimento inicial e a participação
de profissionais qualificados, os quais nem sempre estão disponíveis localmente. Nesse
cenário, o Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software (DDS) pode ser empregado para
encontrar especialistas do domínio e equipes mais qualificadas para o desenvolvimento de
LPS. Além disso, essa forma de trabalho reforça alguns dos benefícios já oferecidos por LPS,
tais como redução de custo de desenvolvimento e aumento da qualidade dos produtos. Apesar
disso, abordagens de DDS também têm suas limitações, relacionadas principalmente à
comunicação entre as equipes participantes de um mesmo projeto. Partindo da premissa de
que dependências entre componentes de software exercem grande influência sobre a
necessidade de comunicação entre suas respectivas equipes de desenvolvimento, neste
trabalho é apresentada uma abordagem para identificar candidatos à módulos para serem
desenvolvidos de forma (parcialmente) independente por equipes geograficamente dispersas,
sendo um módulo um agrupamento de componentes. Para tanto, a abordagem define: medidas
quantitativas que descrevem a dependência entre componentes de software em projetos de
LPS; um algoritmo baseado em metaheurísticas para agrupar componentes em módulos,
tratando o agrupamento como um problema de otimização; e uma medida quantitativa que
descreve as dependências entre módulos, que deve ser empregada para guiar a alocação das
equipes de desenvolvimento aos módulos.
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Dysfunctional aspects of Software Development : An analysis of how lip-service, deception and organisational politics may side-track the result of well-intended methodologies / Problematiska aspekter inom programvaruutveckling : En analys av hur läpparnas bekännelser, vilseledande och organisationspolitik kan förstöra välmenande metoderGislen, Mikael January 2012 (has links)
This paper tries to identify and understand the human social obstacles for developing quality software. These include lip-service, cutting corners, deception and effects of internal politics. These obstacles can undermine the good intentions behind the software methodologies. The paper draws from the literature in different disciplines and uses an ethnographic research methodology to create a rich picture of the concerning aspects in the framework of one software development company in India. What stands out among the findings are that internal audits has mainly focused on finding errors in documentation procedures but study of the actual practices has often been shallow. In addition the understanding of business risks by the internal auditors have often been weak. Context. The human based obstacles affecting Software Development Methodology analysed in the context of an ISO 9000 quality system in an Indian Software Development company working mainly with Swedish companies. Objectives. Identifying and increasing the understanding of intrinsic negative social aspects such as lip service, cheating and politics which are affecting the results of Software Development Methodologies and if possible suggest some means to mitigate them. In particular to create a deeper understanding of why people cheat and pay lip service to methodologies and to try to understand the political aspects of methodology and quality systems. There are other positive social aspects, but they are not considered since the objective is about understanding the negative aspects and possibly mitigate them. Methods. Ethnographic research using analysis of ISO 9000 and design artefacts, semi-structured interviews, participation in internal audits, Results. Most focus in audits was on documentation and very less focus on underlying methodologies, some indications of lip-service to process and processes were also mainly managed on a higher level in the organization while the understanding and practices were less well established on lower level. It was hard to get a grip on the internal political aspects since the perception of the subject in the informants view was that it is mainly malicious and therefore embarrassing to speak about. Some conflicts between internal quality goals and customers’ needs were also identified. Conclusions. An ethnographic research methodology gives a rich picture. The analysis gives deeper understanding of the problem areas, but not necessary solutions. The author suggests that at the heart of the problem is a difference in world view. Software professionals generally tend to resolve [technical] problems using a reductionist approach, while these intricate challenges cannot easily be resolved by this approach. A more holistic systemic approach is required and while the software methodology is useful to structure the development it does not resolve these dysfunctions. They have to be resolved on another level. It was also found that further studies is required in particular to better understand Internal politics, the effect of Positive and Negative Incentives, the effect of software metrics on quality performance and subjectivity in customers’ perception and expectation. / Uppsatsen försöker förstå mänskliga sociala hinder för att utveckla programvara med hög kvalitet. Dessa hinder inkluderar "läpparnas bekännelser", ta genvägar, vilseleda och internpolitik. Sådana hinder kan underminera utvecklingsmetoder. Denna uppsats bygger på literatur från olika discipliner och använder etnografisk forskningsmetodik för att skapa en rik bild av dessa oroande aspekter inom ramen för ett IT-företag i Indien. Vad står ut är att intern kvalitetsrevision fokuserar för mycket på att finna fel i dokumentationsprocesser medan revision av hur utvecklingsarbetet faktiskt sker har varit för ytligt. Dessutom har de interna revisorernas förståelse av affärsrisker varit svag.
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