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The improvement and change of IT is one of the reasons which result in globalization. Taiwan has a small market scale; Taiwan¡¦s enterprises must face to global competition and challenge. In this study, we conduct the case study and use a hypercube model to analyze the innovation in technological component, business model, and dynamic capability aspects used in domestic enterprises verse global ones in the chemical industry in Taiwan. The results indicate that the innovation from domestic to globalization is radical in both of business model and technological component. A set of critical dynamic capabilities in technological component and business model for this innovation is then identified. The study offers great insights for practitioners to improve their understanding of innovation in business model and technological component aspects and provide guidelines to help practitioners adapt from domestic to globalization innovation.

A central theme in Pauline Melville’s novel, The Ventriloquist’s Tale, is the question of endogamy and exogamy, with the opposing alternatives embodied in Melville’s characters. This theme has received much attention in the critical commentaries generated by the novel, with a prevailing number of critics claiming that Melville proposes endogamy as the only option for indigenous communities to remain intact. However, such an argument overlooks the significant fact that Melville’s characters are always already the offspring of exogamous encounters, through which a multiplicity of boundaries have been permeated. Furthermore, the spatial motifs developed in the novel can be seen to undermine commonly accepted delimitations of supposedly homogenous groups, the nation-state constituting the prime example, and this in turn profoundly alters the notion of mixing. Consequently, contending that Melville even enters a debate on endogamy and exogamy stems from a predisposition to see the world in other terms than those Melville sets out in her novel. The nature of boundaries and borders in Melville’s fictitious world are therefore explored using Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities as a framework. This examination shows that the novel undermines the notion of the nation-state as a homogenous entity and reveals a global structure that dictates and drives interaction on a global scale. Consequently, instead of a debate on exogamy, we see in the novel an exploration and dismantling of notions of borders, boundaries and barriers between individuals and groups of people.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine how Greece’s migration system functions and how immigration and asylum policies manifest themselves during the countries current severe economic crisis. More precisely, examining how the regulatory framework and policies regarding refugees' and migrant situation effects practical implementation. The research questions raised are; - How are refugees and other migrants' rights in Greece respected, from a legal, political and moral perspective? What impact can racism have on the treatment of refugees and other migrants? A contextual analysis of ideas through an analysis of the political programs/agendas was used and contrasted, through theories concerning racism, nationalism and globalization to further nuance the situation concerning refugees' rights. Furthermore the study is analyzed through a HR perspective or more precisely through relevant conventions, regulations and EU directives. The conclusions are that Greece has laws and policies regarding migration, however these regulations have major flaws concerning their practical outcome. Improvements have been made to the migration system constituted of new government agencies intended to meet EU-standards, concerning the management of the asylum process. Unfortunately these improvements have been found wanting. Globalization is challenging the national and regional laws. EU and its regulations concerning asylum, does not take into account differentiated contextual realities concerning EU´s member states. People generally intend to travel through Greece and are consequently sent back to Greece by other EU states, without significant support it becomes problematic to handle this volume of people. The European Union’s protectionist policies create barriers and make access to the region more difficult, meanwhile people of other nationalities flee or migrate in hope of a more secure and humane existence. With xenophobia on the rise (both politically and socially) migrants face further difficulties, for instance fear of deportation can make the reporting of hate crimes to the authorities complicated to say the least.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) have become a major problem in the relationship between the industrialized West and the developing South, primarily because the West demands that developing countries adopt and enforce Western IPR. Since the relationship between US corporations and Chinese businesses is among the most successful and at the center of the current process of globalization, IPR have been a major cause of conflict and controversy between them and serve as an exemplar for this thesis. I argue, first, that the reason that a large number of Chinese businesses, especially privately-owned small and medium-sized enterprises, infringe foreign IPR lies in the nature of the difference between what have been mostly low-tech traditional Chinese businesses and high-tech industrial economies, to which intellectual property laws belong. Second, I demonstrate that the steady improvement of intellectual property protection in the more successful areas of development in the Chinese economy suggests that the solution for improved IPR protection in China and perhaps other emerging nations will follow, not precede, the development and transformation of a low-tech pre-industrial economy into an industrial high-tech economy.

This dissertation consists of two essays dealing with the trends in industrial agglomeration and changes in the influence of micro-determinants of agglomeration due to globalization in the U.S. manufacturing agglomeration and the second essay discusses the impact of globalization on the micro-determinants of agglomeration. The first essay explores recent agglomeration trends in the U.S. manufacturing industries between 1988 and 2003 using employment and employment-based agglomeration measures such as Ellison-Glaeser Index and Gini index, and using Herfindahl index as a measure of industrial concentration due to scale economies. Between 1988 and 2003, forty two states lost and eight states gained manufacturing employment with a net loss of more than 5.13 million jobs nationwide. Middle Atlantic, New England, and South Atlantic are the three divisions with highest drops in manufacturing employment with Middle Atlantic division’s loss of 45 percent jobs, New England division’s loss of 44 percent and South Atlantic division’s loss of 28 percent of jobs in the manufacturing industries. Three states that experienced the most decrease in manufacturing jobs in 2003 measured in percent of their 1988 employment are New Jersey (51 percent), New York (51 percent), and Connecticut (48 percent). Textile and apparel industries, metal related industries and leather and leather goods industries etc. are among the industries that experienced relatively higher attrition in manufacturing jobs in 2003. Three trends are apparent. First, employment has declined across regions, years and industries. Second, the industries that were among the most agglomerated industries in 1988 have generally displayed decrease in agglomeration indices (both in terms of EGI and Gini measures) in later years including 2003. This trend may imply that for these industries, attrition of manufacturing employment in later years mainly occurred from the counties with relatively higher share of employment in the concerned industries in 1988. Third, industries that are found to be least agglomerated in 1988 have often displayed increase in agglomeration in later years including 2003. This trend may imply that for these industries, attrition of manufacturing employment in 2003. This trend may imply that for these industries, attrition of manufacturing employment in 2003 mainly occurred from the counties with lower employment share of the concerned industries in 1988. Similar trends are observed for the Herfindahl indices. Changes in the Herfindahl indices may be due to changes in traditional scale economies caused by advancements in the ICTs. The second essay explores the differential impacts of technological advancements and trade liberalization on the three Marshallian determinants of industrial agglomeration for U.S. manufacturing industries. These three micro-determinants of agglomeration are goods pooling (input sharing), labor pooling (availability of labor), and idea pooling (knowledge spillover). The impact of decrease in employment on industrial agglomeration is ambiguous, and warrants empirical investigation. An index of agglomeration is regressed on proxies for three micro-determinants of agglomeration, after controlling for transportation costs, natural advantage and other state level economic variables, and after inclusion of interaction variables for technological advancement and trade liberalization. The regression results for both the OLS and FE specifications are consistent with the hypothesis that there was a structural change in the effect of the micro-determinants of industrial agglomeration in the U.S. manufacturing industries beginning in 1995. In the second essay, we decompose the impact of globalization on three micro-determinants of agglomeration into two separate segments: impact of technological advancements and impact of trade liberalization. The findings are partially consistent with the hypothesis that globalization has attenuated the effect of micro-determinants of agglomeration as the influence of two out of three micro-determinants of agglomeration diminished in the post-1995 years relative to their pre-1995 levels. For example, in the post 1995 period in our base line model, influence of labor pooling is diminished by about 4 percent and influence of idea pooling has attenuated by about 1 percent from their pre-1995 levels. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that the influence of goods pooling has increased as a micro-determinant of agglomeration in the post-1995 years relative to its pre-1995 levels. The attenuation in influence for labor pooling and increase in influence of goods pooling in the post-1995 period are statistically significant when attenuation of influence of idea pooling is not statistically significant. Also, when we decompose the total effect of globalization, we find the impact of technology to be greater than that of international trade. The key findings are robust to alternative specifications of the econometric model, particularly to changes in the proxies used for LP.

Economic globalization is characterized by increased liberalization, privatization and deregulation of national economies, principally imposed via the International Monetary Funds and World Banks structural adjustment programs and poverty reduction strategies. The rationale for these strategies includes reducing the inflation rate, generating income to service debt payments, and increasing growth to combat poverty. Nicaragua, the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, has been under structural adjustment and poverty reduction strategies since 1991. Forty-eight percent of the country is under the nationally defined poverty line. Under- and unemployment are a combined 60%. Migration is an oft-used survival strategy, with 7 out of 10 Nicaraguan migrants choosing to go to Costa Rica. The Nicaraguan Migration Network estimates a minimum 350,000 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica at any one time. Women bear a disproportional burden of the health inequalities that globalization- induced, employment-seeking migration causes. While there is already evidence showing that their health is negatively affected, there is no documentation in their own words of how they experience and understand these impacts. A qualitative study using interpretive description conducted 12 interviews and 2 participatory group activity sessions to explore how women understand their migration experiences and its health impacts. Results show structural and personal level causes and both beneficial and harmful effects. Explanations of causes include structural and cultural reasons. Migration affects women in particular ways due to gendered social and cultural roles within a polarized economic environment. It was difficult for participants to identify if the costs of migration were worth the benefits. A document analysis of structural adjustment agreements and poverty reduction strategy papers was also undertaken. Results show consistent limitations on the Nicaraguan governments social spending budget, increased privatization and liberalization requirements, and specific amounts for debt service payments. The countrys currency is regularly devalued and there are limits on tariff barriers. In conclusion, it is clear that women are absorbing the cost of SAPs and PRSs at the household level and that migration is negatively affecting their health.

This bachelor’s thesis examines contemporary views on Angels and how two modern writerson the subject introduce these beings. Presenting a comparison between the two modernwriters, and also, as a context, contrasting them to some more traditional biblical as well assome modern Christian material, some of the beliefs surrounding Angels are discussed. Thecontemporary views and beliefs are analyzed through a model on how globalization affectspopular religion of today.

The purpose of this study is to use a qualitative approach to highlight the western involvement in Thai orphanages and, on basis of Western moral development workers and volunteers, enlighten how Western colonial heritage can be recreated in the humanitarian economic aid. The study is based on the recent tsunami disaster in 2004 which led to a huge voluntary effort by Western volunteers and organizations who wanted to rebuild the country. Now, seven years after the disaster, the country has recovered well and thanks to a strong turism, and industrial growth, the country has now reached the position of a middle income country with regional power. The study presents a selection of previous ressearch in the area from different critical perspectives. It is a field study based on qualitative interviews with six informants that highlights the individual engagment in humanitarian assistance. Theories based on Post-colonialism and globalization have been used in order to analyze and reach the result of this study.