No description available.

A percepção de cor e suas relações com água retida são aspectos importantes para definição do rendimento e qualidade final do processo produtivo da carne. A inter-relação entre as medidas objetivas de cor e a capacidade de retenção de água tem possibilitado a utilização de valores de atributos de cor para a predição de problemas com carne exsudativa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a relação entre pontos anatômicos de amostragem na secção transversal do bife de lombo suíno para obtenção das medidas de cor e medidas indiretas da capacidade de retenção de água, além do impacto nestes atributos devido à glicemia no momento do abate e no exsudado. Foram realizados dois ensaios, na seguinte ordem: 1) 19 amostras de lombo suíno foram adquiridas de forma aleatória no varejo, no dia seguinte ao abate do animal, e submetidas à determinação das variáveis de cor, pelo padrão CIElab, em seis pontos da superfície do bife, que posteriormente foram submetidos a medidas de exsudação e 2) 25 carcaças foram amostradas em abatedouro experimental, selecionadas com base nos níveis de glicemia plasmática dos animais no momento da sangria, formando duas categorias: normal-NO (74,8 ± 2,00 mg.dL-1) e alta-AL (134 ± 5,30 mg.dL-1). Três diferentes regiões (lateral, intermediária e medial) definidas com base nas observações do ensaio 1 foram analisadas para os parâmetros de cor, perdas por gotejamento em dois tempos e concentração de glicose no exsudado. No primeiro ensaio, a leitura de L* na região ventro-lateral do bife apresentou a maior correlação com a perda por gotejamento média geral do bife. A perda por gotejamento cresceu de maneira proporcional entre 48 e 72 horas após a determinação das variáveis de cor. O grupo AL, no segundo ensaio, apresentou perdas por gotejamento elevadas para a posição intermediária (11,0 ± 1,0 g.100-1) e lateral (9,0 ± 1,0 g.100-1). A coloração entre os grupos não diferiu, porém a L* da região intermediária foi mais alta (55,88 ± 1,55) e sua intensidade de vermelho foi menor (6,67 ± 0,35) em relação às regiões lateral (52,83 ± 1,65 e 7,68 ± 0,40) e medial (50,93 ± 1,65 e 7,67 ± 0,39), respectivamente. Maiores valores de glicose no exsudado também foram observados para as regiões intermediária e lateral. Os indicadores indiretos do metabolismo glicolítico muscular estão relacionados com cor ou perda por gotejamento e podem ser influenciados pela posição anatômica no músculo, com impactos sobre a capacidade de retenção de água, ocorrência de dupla tonalidade e qualidade do lombo suíno. / The perception of color and its relationship with retained water are important for defining the yield and quality of pork production process. The inter-relationship between objective measures of color and water holding capacity has been used for prediction of problems with exudative meat. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between anatomical positions on cross section steak pork loin to obtain color measurements and indirect measurements of water holding capacity, and the impact in these attributes due to glucose at slaughter and the exudate. Two assays were conducted in the following order: 1) 19 samples of pork loin were randomly acquired in retail store, 24 hours after slaughter and subjected to the determination of color variables, following CIELab standard, in 6 positions of the steak surface, which subsequently underwent measurements of exudation; and 2) 25 carcasses were sampled at experimental abattoir selected based on plasma glucose levels of the animals at the time of bleeding, forming two categories: normal-NO (74.8 ± 2.00 mg.dL-1) and high-AL (134 ± 5.30 mg.dL-1). Three different regions (lateral, intermediate and medial) defined based on the observations of the assay 1 were analyzed for the color variables, drip loss in two times and glucose concentration in the exudate. In the first assay, the L* reading in the ventrolateral region of the steak had the highest correlation with drip loss average of all anatomical regions. The drip loss increased proportionally between 48 and 72 hours after determining the color parameters. The AL group from the second assay had higher drip loss, especially for the intermediate (11.0 ± 1.0 g.100g-1) and lateral position (9.0 ± 1.0 g.100g-1). The color did not differ between groups, but the L* of the intermediate region was higher (55.88 ± 1.55) and the intensity of red was lower (6.67 ± 0.35) compared to the lateral (52.83 ± 1.65 e 7.68 ± 0.40) and medial regions (50,93 ± 1,65 e 7,67 ± 0,39), respectively. Higher values of glucose exudate were also observed for the intermediate and lateral regions. The results confirm that indirect indicators of the muscle glycolytic metabolism are related to color or drip loss and can be influenced by the anatomical position of the muscle, impacting the ability to retain water, twotoning occurrence and overall pork loin quality.

A percepção de cor e suas relações com água retida são aspectos importantes para definição do rendimento e qualidade final do processo produtivo da carne. A inter-relação entre as medidas objetivas de cor e a capacidade de retenção de água tem possibilitado a utilização de valores de atributos de cor para a predição de problemas com carne exsudativa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a relação entre pontos anatômicos de amostragem na secção transversal do bife de lombo suíno para obtenção das medidas de cor e medidas indiretas da capacidade de retenção de água, além do impacto nestes atributos devido à glicemia no momento do abate e no exsudado. Foram realizados dois ensaios, na seguinte ordem: 1) 19 amostras de lombo suíno foram adquiridas de forma aleatória no varejo, no dia seguinte ao abate do animal, e submetidas à determinação das variáveis de cor, pelo padrão CIElab, em seis pontos da superfície do bife, que posteriormente foram submetidos a medidas de exsudação e 2) 25 carcaças foram amostradas em abatedouro experimental, selecionadas com base nos níveis de glicemia plasmática dos animais no momento da sangria, formando duas categorias: normal-NO (74,8 ± 2,00 mg.dL-1) e alta-AL (134 ± 5,30 mg.dL-1). Três diferentes regiões (lateral, intermediária e medial) definidas com base nas observações do ensaio 1 foram analisadas para os parâmetros de cor, perdas por gotejamento em dois tempos e concentração de glicose no exsudado. No primeiro ensaio, a leitura de L* na região ventro-lateral do bife apresentou a maior correlação com a perda por gotejamento média geral do bife. A perda por gotejamento cresceu de maneira proporcional entre 48 e 72 horas após a determinação das variáveis de cor. O grupo AL, no segundo ensaio, apresentou perdas por gotejamento elevadas para a posição intermediária (11,0 ± 1,0 g.100-1) e lateral (9,0 ± 1,0 g.100-1). A coloração entre os grupos não diferiu, porém a L* da região intermediária foi mais alta (55,88 ± 1,55) e sua intensidade de vermelho foi menor (6,67 ± 0,35) em relação às regiões lateral (52,83 ± 1,65 e 7,68 ± 0,40) e medial (50,93 ± 1,65 e 7,67 ± 0,39), respectivamente. Maiores valores de glicose no exsudado também foram observados para as regiões intermediária e lateral. Os indicadores indiretos do metabolismo glicolítico muscular estão relacionados com cor ou perda por gotejamento e podem ser influenciados pela posição anatômica no músculo, com impactos sobre a capacidade de retenção de água, ocorrência de dupla tonalidade e qualidade do lombo suíno. / The perception of color and its relationship with retained water are important for defining the yield and quality of pork production process. The inter-relationship between objective measures of color and water holding capacity has been used for prediction of problems with exudative meat. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between anatomical positions on cross section steak pork loin to obtain color measurements and indirect measurements of water holding capacity, and the impact in these attributes due to glucose at slaughter and the exudate. Two assays were conducted in the following order: 1) 19 samples of pork loin were randomly acquired in retail store, 24 hours after slaughter and subjected to the determination of color variables, following CIELab standard, in 6 positions of the steak surface, which subsequently underwent measurements of exudation; and 2) 25 carcasses were sampled at experimental abattoir selected based on plasma glucose levels of the animals at the time of bleeding, forming two categories: normal-NO (74.8 ± 2.00 mg.dL-1) and high-AL (134 ± 5.30 mg.dL-1). Three different regions (lateral, intermediate and medial) defined based on the observations of the assay 1 were analyzed for the color variables, drip loss in two times and glucose concentration in the exudate. In the first assay, the L* reading in the ventrolateral region of the steak had the highest correlation with drip loss average of all anatomical regions. The drip loss increased proportionally between 48 and 72 hours after determining the color parameters. The AL group from the second assay had higher drip loss, especially for the intermediate (11.0 ± 1.0 g.100g-1) and lateral position (9.0 ± 1.0 g.100g-1). The color did not differ between groups, but the L* of the intermediate region was higher (55.88 ± 1.55) and the intensity of red was lower (6.67 ± 0.35) compared to the lateral (52.83 ± 1.65 e 7.68 ± 0.40) and medial regions (50,93 ± 1,65 e 7,67 ± 0,39), respectively. Higher values of glucose exudate were also observed for the intermediate and lateral regions. The results confirm that indirect indicators of the muscle glycolytic metabolism are related to color or drip loss and can be influenced by the anatomical position of the muscle, impacting the ability to retain water, twotoning occurrence and overall pork loin quality.

No description available.

La prise de décision cellulaire se traduit par la capacité de toute cellule vivante à intégrer les différentes informations provenant de son environnement, et à les transformer en une réponse biologique cohérente. Il est aujourd'hui de plus en plus démontré que les populations cellulaires présentent une hétérogénéité quantitative et qualitative significative, qui pourrait jouer un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement des organismes vivants. La première partie de ma thèse a ainsi consisté à étudier la variabilité de l'expression génique au cours de la différenciation de progéniteurs érythrocytaires aviaires primaires, à l'échelle de la cellule unique. L'expression de 92 gènes a été analysée par RT-qPCR dans des cellules isolées à différents temps de différenciation. Les principaux résultats de cette étude ont montré que la variabilité de l'expression des gènes, mesurée par l'entropie de Shannon, atteint un niveau maximal à 8h-24h de différenciation, simultanément à une chute du nombre de gènes corrélés. Cette augmentation de la variabilité génique précède l'engagement irréversible des cellules dans le processus de différenciation érythrocytaire identifié entre 24 et 48h. Cette étude a également mis en lumière le gène LDHA (Lactate dehydrogenase A), codant pour une enzyme de la glycolyse anaérobie, dans les progéniteurs érythrocytaires en état d'auto-renouvellement et aux points critiques, 8h et 24h, de la différenciation. La deuxième partie de ma thèse a donc consisté à analyser le rôle précis de LDHA dans l'auto-renouvellement des progéniteurs érythrocytaires, ainsi que les variations du métabolisme du glucose au cours de la différenciation. Nos premiers résultats suggèrent que le processus de différenciation érythrocytaire s'accompagne d'un changement métabolique correspondant au passage de la glycolyse anaérobie dépendante de LDHA, vers une production d'énergie aérobie, reposant sur la phosphorylation oxydative / The meaning of cell decision making consists in the capacity of every living cell to integrate environmental information and to transform it in a coherent biological response. Nowadays it is increasingly demonstrated that cell populations present a significant quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity that could be involved in living organisms functions. Thus, the first part of my thesis consisted in studying gene expression variability at the single-cell level during the differentiation process of primary avian erythroid progenitor cells. The expression of 92 genes was analyzed using RT-qPCR in cells isolated at different differentiation time-points. The main results of this study showed that gene expression variability, as measured by Shannon entropy, reached a maximal level, simultaneously to a drop in the number of correlated genes, at 8-24h of differentiation. This increase of the gene expression variability preceded the irreversible commitment of cells into differentiation, identified between 24h and 48h. This analysis also highlighted the potential importance ofLDHA(Lactate dehydrogenase A) encoding a glycolytic enzyme, in erythroid progenitors self-renewal and at the critical differentiation time-point 8-24h. Therefore the second part of my thesis consisted in analyzing the role of LDHA in erythroid progenitors self-renewal and the variations of glucose metabolism during the differentiation process. Our first results suggested that erythroid differentiation might be accompanied with a metabolic change, corresponding to a switch from anaerobic glycolysisdepending upon LDHA, toward aerobic energy production, relying upon oxidative phosphorylation

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease propagated by a new virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in global healthcare crises. Emerging evidence from patients with COVID-19 suggests that endothelial cell damage plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and could be a major contributor to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Like other infectious diseases, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is closely associated with metabolic processes. Lactate, a potential biomarker in COVID-19, has recently been shown to mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiovascular injuries and metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also propose that lactate plays a potential role in COVID-19-driven endothelial cell injury.