Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Electrolyte levels were measured in whole-mixed human saliva collected from cardiology out-patients, to investigate any salivary electrolyte changes occurring in such patients after digitalization. Several recent reports have indicated that clinical symptoms of digitalis intoxication were associated with increased saliva concentrations of K+ and/or Ca++. Because salivary glands contain a highly active Na+, K+-ATPase it seemed logical that these and other salivary electrolytes might be predictably affected by the circulating levels of digitalis. Patients receiving digitoxin (Dtxn) had a higher concentration of Salivary K+ and Ca++ (25.8 ± 2.2 and 2.2 ± 0.2 meq/l, respectively), than the controls not receiving cardiac glycosides (20.1 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 0.1 meq/1, respectively). A similar pattern was not found for patients receiving digoxin (Dxn), although the mean Ca++ concentration for females in this group was significantly elevated (control: 1.7 ± 0.2; Dxn: 2.4 ± 0.2 meq/1). The mean serum concentration (ng/ml) of Dtxn was 20.3 ± 1. 9; of Dxn, 1.4 ± 0.2. No change was found in P04, and protein concentrations, or in salivary flow rates between control and experimental groups. The results suggest that salivary electrolyte changes occur after digitalization, but that these changes do not adequately reflect the serum level of digitalis in individual patients. This study was supported in part by PHS 80l-RR5312.

Many substances in the plant kingdom and in man's diet occur as glycosides. Recent studies have indicated that many glycosides that are not mutagenic in tests such as the Salmonella/microsome test become mutagenic upon hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages. The Salmonella/microsome test utilizes a liver homogenate to approximate mammalian metabolism but does not provide a source of the enzymes present in intestinal bacterial flora that hydrolyze the wide variety of glycosides present in nature. This investigation was designed to study the effect of stable cell-free extracts from enteric bacteria of human feces, fecalase, which was shown to contain glycosidases which bioactivate in vitro many natural diet glycosides to compounds which are mutagenic in the Salmonella/ liver homogenate test. Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo); Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Red and Yellow Onion (Allium cepa) varieties all contain quercetin which presumably forms mutagenic flavonol glycosides in the gut. The White Onion does not contain quercetin. Flavonol extract of Cantaloupe, Raspberry, Red and Yellow varieties of onion were mutagenic in the test when fecalase was added. Frameshift mutagenicity (TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 97) among the flavonoid extracts tests was mainly confined to the flavonols (flavon-3-ols). The base-pair mutants (TA 1535, TA 100) did not show mutagenic activity upon testing the flavonoid extracts of the samples investigated in this study. Since the flavonols are probably the single largest group of flavonoids, and the mutagenic agent detected, quercetin, is the most common flavonol aglycone, plant breeding has been suggested to reduce the amount of flavonoids present in the food we eat. / Graduation date: 1983

D.Sc. (Chemistry) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

1v. (various paging) : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1979

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 190 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Robert W. Curley, School of Pharmacy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-190).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Dec. 14, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Flavonoids form a vast group of natural products that occur ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom. These compounds play a significant role in the field of phytochemistry and are of nutritional interest due to numerous reports of their benefits to human health. Structural characterization of individual flavonoid derivatives is challenging because of widespread isomerism and a lack of sensitive and specific analytical techniques. The goal of this work is to present practical tandem mass spectrometry methods for systematic isomer differentiation of flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid glucuronides. Metal complexation is used extensively as a strategy to achieve this aim. In this approach, flavonoid derivatives and metal ions are mixed in solution, resulting in the rapid self-assembly of complexes which are subsequently infused into a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Collision-induced dissociation of these flavonoid/metal complexes results in fragment ions that are highly characteristic of specific structural features of the flavonoid derivatives. These methods are adaptable to LC-MS analysis via post-column addition of the complexation reagents. Methods to differentiate the five most common glycosylation sites of monoglucosyl flavonoids are described. Based on the fragment ions yielded from magnesium or manganese complexes, specific indicators of 3-O-glucosylation, 7-O-glucosylation, 4'-O-glucosylation, 6-C-glucosylation and 8-C-glucosylation are observed. The manganese complexation method also differentiates isomeric glucose and galactose sugars at the 3 position, as well as arabinose and xylose sugars. Differentiation of isomeric flavonoid glucuronide metabolites is achieved by cobalt complexation with auxiliary ligands. The effectiveness of these methods is proven in numerous practical applications. Flavonoid glycosides are identified in extracts from apples, onions, and Silphium albiflorum. Flavonoid glucuronide metabolites are identified in urine samples and a cell culture extract. The identifications are achieved without the use of standards or additional analytical techniques. Finally, an enzymatic synthesis of flavonoid glucuronides is used to establish the regioselectivity of UGT1A1, an enzyme involved in flavonoid metabolism. The cobalt complexation method successfully identifies many hitherto uncharacterized metabolites. The significance of this work lies in its potential application to problems in botanical, agricultural, nutritional and disease-prevention studies in which precise flavonoid identification is required.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1979.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1950. / Added thesis title page gives collected title: Studies on alkali-sensitive glycosides and the metabolism of dicumarol. Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.