Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2015-08-19T18:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 21328 bytes, checksum: 683d9883b2ad62ac3b8bafc566b2e600 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) 2015JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5836958 bytes, checksum: b3bcbf294b6607acbd3982cf1b906dc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2015-08-19T18:35:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 21328 bytes, checksum: 683d9883b2ad62ac3b8bafc566b2e600 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) 2015JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5836958 bytes, checksum: b3bcbf294b6607acbd3982cf1b906dc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-19T18:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 21328 bytes, checksum: 683d9883b2ad62ac3b8bafc566b2e600 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) 2015JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5836958 bytes, checksum: b3bcbf294b6607acbd3982cf1b906dc8 (MD5) / A Floresta Petrificada de Tocantins Setentrional (FPTS) é citada na literatura científica como uma das mais importantes associações lignoflorísticas de paleobioma temperado quente do Permiano no hemisfério sul. Parte desta floresta encontra-se situada no Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO), uma unidade de preservação integral localizada a nordeste do Estado do Tocantins. Geologicamente, o MNAFTO encontra-se inserido na Bacia do Parnaíba, sendo que os lenhos aqui estudados são associados à Formação Motuca, Permiano Superior. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo estabelecer a influência dos processos climáticos ocorridos durante o Permiano Superior com a utilização de dados proxy obtidos através da análise de elementos vegetais preservados na FPTS. O material analisado corresponde a 32 fragmentos de lenhos gimnospérmicos provenientes de nove pontos de coleta localizados dentro e no entorno da área do parque. A fim de determinar padrões climáticos com base em crescimento lenhoso, foram feitas seções planas e lâminas petrográficas. Um total de 682 incrementos de crescimento em sessões planas foram verificados por meio de análises de sensibilidade média e anual. Em relação aos dados dendrológicos obtidos, os espécimes demostraram valores considerados sensitivos que indicam a vigência de um clima semiárido com precipitações aperiódicas. / The Northern Tocantins Petrified Forest (NTPF) is mentioned in the scientific literature as one of the most important Permian lignofloristic assemblage of warm temperate paleobiome in the South Hemisphere. Part of this forest is situated in the Tocantins Fossil Trees Natural Monument (TFTNM), which is an integral protection unit located in the northeast of the Tocantins state. Geologically, the TFTNM is inserted in the Parnaiba Basin, and the stems studied are associated to the Late Permian Motuca Formation. The aim of the present work is to establish the influence of the climatic process that occurred during the Late Permian with the use of proxy data obtained by the analysis of the floristics elements preserved in the (NTPF). The analyzed material corresponds to 32 gymnospermic fossil wood fragments derived from nine sampling points located inside and in the surroundings of the park area. In order to determine climatic patterns based on woody growth, plane sections cuts and petrographic plates were made. A total number of 682 growth increments in plane sections cuts were verified using average sensibility and annual sensibility analyses. With regard to the dendrological data obtained, the specimens show considerable sensitive values that indicate a semi arid clima with aperiodic rainfall.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2017-02-14T17:18:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2014JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5744814 bytes, checksum: 8805bea7ea7e84f774ea97bfe359cdcc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2017-03-29T19:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2014JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5744814 bytes, checksum: 8805bea7ea7e84f774ea97bfe359cdcc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T19:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2014JoseRafaelWanderleyBenicio.pdf: 5744814 bytes, checksum: 8805bea7ea7e84f774ea97bfe359cdcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02 / A Floresta Petrificada de Tocantins Setentrional (FPTS) é citada na literatura científica como uma das mais importantes associações lignoflorísticas de paleobioma temperado quente do Permiano no hemisfério sul. Parte desta floresta encontra-se situada no Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO), uma unidade de preservação integral localizada a nordeste do Estado do Tocantins. Geologicamente, o MNAFTO encontra-se inserido na Bacia do Parnaíba, sendo que os lenhos aqui estudados são associados à Formação Motuca, Permiano Superior. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo estabelecer a influência dos processos climáticos ocorridos durante o Permiano Superior com a utilização de dados proxy obtidos através da análise de elementos vegetais preservados na FPTS. O material analisado corresponde a 32 fragmentos de lenhos gimnospérmicos provenientes de nove pontos de coleta localizados dentro e no entorno da área do parque. A fim de determinar padrões climáticos com base em crescimento lenhoso, foram feitas seções planas e lâminas petrográficas. Um total de 682 incrementos de crescimento em sessões planas foram verificados por meio de análises de sensibilidade média e anual. Em relação aos dados dendrológicos obtidos, os espécimes demostraram valores considerados sensitivos que indicam a vigência de um clima semiárido com precipitações aperiódicas. / The Northern Tocantins Petrified Forest (NTPF) is mentioned in the scientific literature as one of the most important Permian lignofloristic assemblage of warm temperate paleobiome in the South Hemisphere. Part of this forest is situated in the Tocantins Fossil Trees Natural Monument (TFTNM), which is an integral protection unit located in the northeast of the Tocantins state. Geologically, the TFTNM is inserted in the Parnaiba Basin, and the stems studied are associated to the Late Permian Motuca Formation. The aim of the present work is to establish the influence of the climatic process that occurred during the Late Permian with the use of proxy data obtained by the analysis of the floristics elements preserved in the (NTPF). The analyzed material corresponds to 32 gymnospermic fossil wood fragments derived from nine sampling points located inside and in the surroundings of the park area. In order to determine climatic patterns based on woody growth, plane sections cuts and petrographic plates were made. A total number of 682 growth increments in plane sections cuts were verified using average sensibility and annual sensibility analyses. With regard to the dendrological data obtained, the specimens show considerable sensitive values that indicate a semi arid clima with aperiodic rainfall.

A significant amount of palynological work has been done on southern African coal seams in the Ecca Group, but as yet there is little consensus on how these areas relate to each other. This study investigated the palynology of a coal seam from Mmamantswe (Mmamabula area), Botswana, approximately 70 km north-east of Gaborone. A total of 124 samples were taken from two borehole cores and subjected to acid preparation, oxidation and acetolysis. Coal samples were found to be barren of palynomorphs. Fifty carbonaceous mudstones and siltstone samples yielded twenty-two productive samples. A thermal alteration index of 3.0-3.5 was assigned for the sediments. Palynomorph diversity was high, with 64 genera and 90 species present, dominated by trilete and alete spores. This indicates a parent flora of mostly lower order lycopods, sphenophytes and ferns. Non-taeniate bisaccate and monosaccate pollens were scarce, and striates extremely rare (only two species), suggesting an autochthonous origin for the coal swamp. The Mmamantswe core was sub-divided into five microfloral assemblage zones. A transition from monosaccate dominance in the lower part of the core, to equal numbers of monosaccates and non-taeniate bisaccates in the upper part of the core, was seen. As the Mmamantswe palynoflora possesses elements of both the Late Carboniferous glacial floras and the mid-Permian coal floras, it is thought to represent a cross-over assemblage dating to soon after the Permo-Carboniferous boundary (Sakmarian and Early Artinskian). The Mmamantswe assemblage can be correlated with Assemblage Zones II and III of Falcon (1975a); Biozones B and C of MacRae (1988); and Zones 1, 2 and 3 of Anderson (1977) but does not fit well into any existing biozonation. The Mmamantswe palynoflora was most similar to that of Milorgfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (Larrson et al. 1990) and the No. 2 Seam, Witbank, South Africa (Falcon 1989). Taphonomic controls on palynomorph preservation suggest that future studies should also attempt to focus on Permian sediments not containing coal, as microfloral assemblages from coal seams tend to be autochthonous, and subject to local climatic influences. Accordingly they are not as useful for inter-basinal correlation across Gondwana.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-99).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-99)

Diss.--Geowiss.--Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 1992. / Bibliogr. p. 153-159.

Submitted by Teresa Cristina Rosenhayme (teresa.rosenhayme@cprm.gov.br) on 2015-07-17T13:05:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernando_Final_revisado_19_03_2015.pdf: 36457223 bytes, checksum: 913c0530d7507796fb1314370834dc26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roberta Silva (roberta.silva@cprm.gov.br) on 2015-07-27T11:52:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernando_Final_revisado_19_03_2015.pdf: 36457223 bytes, checksum: 913c0530d7507796fb1314370834dc26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roberta Silva (roberta.silva@cprm.gov.br) on 2015-07-27T11:53:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernando_Final_revisado_19_03_2015.pdf: 36457223 bytes, checksum: 913c0530d7507796fb1314370834dc26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T13:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernando_Final_revisado_19_03_2015.pdf: 36457223 bytes, checksum: 913c0530d7507796fb1314370834dc26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13

Submitted by Priscila Ururahy (priscila.ururahy@cprm.gov.br) on 2016-01-13T13:02:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TD_FRASCA.pdf: 12632683 bytes, checksum: acff258b03a638f17ab8656c83403fe6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Flasleandro Oliveira (flasleandro.oliveira@cprm.gov.br) on 2016-01-13T17:59:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TD_FRASCA.pdf: 12632683 bytes, checksum: acff258b03a638f17ab8656c83403fe6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Flasleandro Oliveira (flasleandro.oliveira@cprm.gov.br) on 2016-01-13T17:59:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TD_FRASCA.pdf: 12632683 bytes, checksum: acff258b03a638f17ab8656c83403fe6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T18:00:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TD_FRASCA.pdf: 12632683 bytes, checksum: acff258b03a638f17ab8656c83403fe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06 / Os orógenos Brasília e Araguaia são cinturões Neoproterozoicos da Província Tocantins. Desenvolve-ram-se durante a amálgama do W-Gondwana, como consequência da colisão e colagem de blocos alóc-tones, arcos acrescionários e sequências metavulcanossedimentares correlatas entre os crátons Ama-zônico e São Francisco-Congo. Na porção setentrional do Orógeno Brasília rochas plutônicas calci-alcalinas de arco magmático se estendem por mais de 250 km e constituem a extensão do Arco Magmá-tico de Goiás (AMG). Apresentam na área estudada características estruturais diversas dos setores de arco ao sul. A distribuição das rochas de arco e embasamento estão controladas pelo Lineamento Transbrasiliano (LTB) que constitui peça fundamental na macroestruturação regional. O LTB deforma e baliza arcos magmáticos distintos entre os blocos de embasamento, ao passo que lascas da infracros-ta se inserem nos arcos, formando uma rede intrincada de blocos com caraterísticas químicas e isotópi-cas díspares. Todos estes elementos tectônicos em conjunto compõem por definição um complexo oro-gênico. Para identificação dos diversos segmentos e eventos tectônicos realizou-se mapeamento, lito-quimica, datação U-Pb e isótopos de Nd em um grupo especifico de tonalitos e granodioritos princi-palmente. Os resultados definiram: Um embasamento que representa o segmento de infra- mesocrosta com fontes arqueanas e paleoproterozóicas. Determinações U-Pb indicam idades de 2142+11 a 2083+18 Ma para rochas ígneas, mas apresentam intervalos de TDM mais longos de 2980 Ma a 1500 Ma com fontes de Nd mistas sugestivas de contribuição juvenil e de derivação crustal. Há no mínimo dois arcos neoproterozóicos sobrepostos neste espaço. O primeiro com características litoquímicas de arco insular, sem participação de crosta antiga e é correlacionado à Acrescão de Mara Rosa, de idades U-Pb entre 848±4 Ma a 810 ±4 Ma, TDM entre 1480 e 910 Ma e Nd(T840) com valores de +1.56 a +5.14, sugerindo fontes juvenis. Um segundo evento magmático mais jovem é reconhecido. É formado por magmatismo calci-alcalino associado a uma margem continental ativa e nomeado de Santa Terezinha de Goiás. São identificados em três estágios evolutivos, arco-continente (transicional), colisional a pós-colisional e maturo. O estágio arco-continente possui fontes mistas e heterogêneas, parte reciclagem crustal, parte juvenil com TDM desde 2610 a 960 Ma, e em torno de 1.2 Ga, Nd de -25.44 a +6.13. O Estágio colisional representa a maturidade química do arco. Possui valores elevados LILE e HFSE com anomalias positivas em Th, La, K e Zr e depletações em Ba, Nb, P e Ti, padrões assimétricos e enriquecidos em ETRL, depletados em ETRP com anomalias negativas de Eu. Determinações U-Pb em zircão indicam idades de 594+2 Ma, 586+3 Ma e 540+5 Ma e zircões herdados do arco insular com idades 822+15 Ma, 884+11 Ma e 855 Ma, TDM entre 2860 e 900 Ma e Nd(T580) de -22.42 a +2.84, a grande maioria negativa indicando retrabalhamento crustal com pouca contribuição juvenil. Rochas de tendência adakitica ocorrem associadas a este estágio. São tipo HSA (Alta SiO2), alto Na2O>4%, bai-xas razões K2O/Na2O <0.5, curvas de ETR muito fracionadas, sem anomalias de Eu, alto Sr (>631 ppm), baixo MgO% (<1.8, baixo), Y (<13 ppm), alta razão Sr/Y> 30 e >50(média), Yb (< 1.13 ppm), alta razão La/Yb (>45) e (La)n/(Yb)n (>30), baixo HFSE, como Nb<8 ppm (média), Ta<0.5 ppm (mé-dia). Possuem idades modelo heterogeneas as mais jovens entre 0.97 e 0.96 Ga com εNd (T0.58) entre –0.60 e -0.95, indicando participação de material de derivação crustal. Determinações U-Pb em zircão apontam idades entre 590-540 Ma. A interpretação petrogenética sugere uma fusão primária parcial abaixo de 5% na base da crosta máfica continental entre o campo rutilo eclogito e anfibolito-hornblenda eclogito com anfibólio-Cpx-granada-plagioclásio no resíduo. Os adakitos mais jovens indi-cam um contexto pós-colisional com produtos de fusão derivados de delaminação da crosta inferior. O estágio maduro apresenta padrões com maior enriquecimento em HFSE e ETRL do que em LILE. As idades de cristalização são próximas a 540 Ma. Rochas básicas pós-orogênicas analisadas apresentam fontes crustais e juvenis e TDM entre 1490 e 820 Ma, com Nd(T530).de -1.11 a +4.26. O LTB insere um complexo orogênico na porção setentrional do Orógeno Brasília constituindo uma intensa zona de cisa-lhamento transcontinental transcorrente e uma sutura crustal limitando diversos blocos com uma geo-metria de “pop up”, que amálgama os sistemas de arcos e o embasamento no W-Gondwana

Ph.D. / Louis Agassiz first raised the concept of a global ice age followed by an intriguing history of both proponents and opponents of the idea simultaneously contributing towards the evolution of geological notions up to the present-day ‘Snowball Earth’ model. The causes of glaciation and the sedimentary, geochemical and stratigraphic feedbacks subsequently received renewed interest. Different deposits of possible Neoproterozoic glacial successions were thus selected for detailed provenance analyses in this study. The successions selected are the Puncoviscana Formation on the Pampia Terrane (Northwestern Argentina), the Sierra del Volcán diamictite of the Tandilia System on the Río de la Plata craton (Eastern Argentina), the Kaigas and Numees Formations of the Richtersveld and Gariep areas on the Kalahari craton (Northwest South Africa and Southern Namibia) and the Karoetjes Kop Formation and Swartleikrans Bed of the Bloupoort Formation of the Vanrhynsdorp region on the Kalahari craton (Western South Africa). Diagnostic physicochemical aspects are utilized to ascertain whether the deposits studied are firstly of glacial derivation and, secondly, to constrain the provenance of every deposit. The latter culminate with identification of a regionally or globally significant event. The Sierra del Volcán diamictite is a glacial diamictite with a depositional age younger than 485±2 Ma and is correlatable with the Upper Ordovician Pakhuis Formation (Table Mountain Group) in South Africa. The recognition of a glacial deposit of Upper Ordovician age in eastern Argentina suggests that the Hirnantian ice sheet cover extended from southwest South Africa to eastern Argentina, stretching from the central Paraná basin across into central and northwest Argentina and southern Bolivia. A proximal glacial marine depositional environment is inferred within a subaqueous outwash fan deposited by sediment gravity flow. Periglacial deposits occur in the Pakhuis Formation, suggesting that the ice sheet had retreated with deposition in glacial outwash plains by braided river systems and windblown loess.

The Seychelles Microcontinent (SMc) is a fragment of continental lithosphere that experienced multiple phases of rifting and thermal subsidence during its isolation and submergence within the Indian Ocean. Originally part of central Gondwana, along with India and Madagascar, the SMc first emerged during Mesozoic fragmentation of Gondwana (ca. 220 – 180 Ma) along a complex rifted margin. Fragmentation involved three major rift phases, viz.: 1) Middle Triassic – Middle Jurassic (Rift I), associated with the “Karoo rifts” and break-up between [India-Madagascar-Seychelles] and East Africa; 2) Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous (Rift II), associated with the rifting and break-up of Madagascar from [India-Seychelles]; 3) Late Cretaceous (Rift III), associated with the rifting and final break-away of the SMc from India. In this study, the tectonic and sedimentary history of the SMc is analysed using 2D seismic reflection datasets and three exploration wells. Seismic to well-log correlations provide a chrono-stratigraphic framework that identifies seven sequences from the Middle Triassic to the Paleogene. This also identified horst and graben structures related to the extensional tectonics and thermal subsidence of this continental fragment. The latter is reflected also in changes of its litho-facies preserved on the SMc, from terrestrial to marine. The oldest sedimentary rocks identified on the SMc are Middle Triassic organic rich claystones (Sequence 7, Rift I), which grade upwards into alternating Upper Triassic sandstones and mudstones (Sequence 6, Rift I) followed by upward coarsening Lower Jurassic mudstones to sandstone units (Sequence 5, Rift I). These sequences are interpreted as lacustrine facies that evolved into fluvial channel migration facies and finally into progradational delta front facies. Sequence 5 is overlain by Middle Jurassic oolitic limestones that grade upwards into organic rich mudstones (Sequence 4, thermal subsidence after Rift I); the latter are interpreted as restricted-marginal marine deposits. Following Sequence 4, separated by a major break-up unconformity (BU), are the Upper Cretaceous open marine deposits comprising limestones, claystones and sandstones, and terminated with basaltic volcanics (ca. 66 Ma) prior to the separation of the SMc from India (Sequence 3, Rift III). This is overlain by the post-rift – thermal subsidence sequences comprising open marine claystones and shelf limestones (Sequence 2) followed by a sequence of shelf limestones (Sequence 1) that form the present carbonate platform, the Seychelles Plateau that lies approximately 200 m below the present sea-level. Backstripping and subsidence analysis quantifies 3 stages of subsidence; Phase A: Slow subsidence (ca. 5-20 m/Ma), from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous that terminated during a major marine transgression during ingression of the Tethys Sea between East Africa and [Madagascar-Seychelles-India]. This created marine conditions and the subsequent deposition of Sequences 4 and 3; Phase B: Accelerated subsidence (ca. 35-60 m/Ma) recorded throughout the Paleocene to the middle Eocene leading to deeper marine conditions and the subsequent deposition of Sequence 2; and Phase C: Reduced subsidence (ca. 10-30 m/Ma) following the interaction between the Carlsberg Ridge and the Reunion hotspot (ca. 55 Ma) that possibly introduced a reduction in subsidence and the subsequent deposition of Sequence 1 as the SMc drifted and thermally subsided to its submerged present location, and is now dominated mainly by marine carbonates. The effects of the Madagascar and Seychelles/India separation (ca. 84 Ma) are not observed in the subsidence analysis, possibly because it involved transcurrent-rotational movement between the two plates over a short period of time.