Siu Yuen-man. / Thesis submitted in: September 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-251). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Note on the Transliteration --- p.vii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- The General Public View on Health Consciousness and Qigong --- p.49 / Chapter 3. --- The Life Stories of the Informants --- p.64 / Chapter 4. --- The Perception of the Informants on Diseases --- p.96 / Chapter 5. --- "The Attitudes of the Informants towards Biomedicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Qigong" --- p.123 / Chapter 6. --- The Motivations of the Qigong Followers for Practicing Qigong --- p.165 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.212 / Appendix1 --- p.238 / Appendix2 --- p.240 / Appendix3 --- p.242 / Appendix4 --- p.246 / Bibliography --- p.249

How does the Chinese Party-State renew its political elite and maintain its cohesion in the post-Mao era? This is a key question to understand the evolution of China’s political system and still the explanations one can find in the literature are far from satisfactory. Overall, the literature on transformation of the Chinese political elite focuses on the broad outcomes, the fact that since the 1980s officials tend to be younger and more educated, but it falls short in unveiling the mechanisms at play. It gives a limited answer to the elite renewal issue as it leaves politics aside. By focusing on educational levels and technical skills it forgets about the importance of political commitment. I approach these questions through a unique account of the role played by the Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) in terms of cadres’ recruitment and promotion since the 1980s. Using biographical data and a snowball sample of 92 interviewees I reconstructed the trajectories of CYL cadres. Beyond my focus on the central organization of the CYL in Beijing, I compared the situation of the CYL in the capital cities of two very different provinces and in four universities. Through this mixed methods approach, I could assess the evolution of the CYL as a path to power in post-Mao China. My main findings are as follows: First, due to post-Cultural Revolution politics and the need for leaders at the time to recruit loyal young cadres, a “sponsored mobility” system was developed to renew the Party-State’s elite. College students are recruited and trained through the Party’s youth organizations. They are put then on a unique promotion path, which includes specific opportunities and trainings, and which leads them to leadership position in the Party-State. This contrasts with what happened in the Soviet case in particular. Under Khrushchev (1953-1964), the Soviet elite was renewed through the cooptation of professionals with technical skills rather than by recruiting young cadres who spent their whole career in the Party-State. Second, through the various steps of the sponsored mobility process, the young recruits develop a specific social role as future officials and transform their social circles. As a result, they cultivate a political commitment to their career in the Party-State and to the survival of the regime. Third, the decentralized nature of the Party-State and its youth organizations make it difficult for the young recruits to establish cohesive groups which could organize against the Party-State itself.

Diss.--Tübingen, 1999. / Glossaire p. 577-585. Bibliogr. p. 586-598. Index.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-89). / This thesis seeks to examine the extent of the role that the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) played in Taiwan's high-technological development and whether developing countries of today can promote such development by creating similar institutional arrangements. Literature on innovation systems was reviewed, particularly national innovation systems and the role of R&D institutions within these. Taiwan's recent economic success, deemed attributable to economic and institutional reforms in recent decades, was also studied. In depth analysis was carried out of its leading high-technological research institute, ITRI, which bridges the gap between industry and academia. Although the case of Taiwan is sometimes presented as a unique example of industrial success of an SME-based state, this thesis argues that this success was possible because the research and development process had a large institute at its core. One way of creating such a research scale is by merging existing institutes, a process that would result in more efficient use of capital and human resources. The case of high-technological development in Pakistan is briefly assessed in order to gauge how its existing institutions structure could be amended to allow such changes to be made. The study concludes with the following three main points: (i) scale is an important factor: Taiwan's SME-based industry was able to succeed because of a large research institute at its core; (ii) in developing countries, governments decide which form of high-technology to pursue and when; thus, timing and choice of sector are important; and (iii) political leadership was seen to be important in the case of Taiwan's development in high-technology, and can play a key role in developing countries of today. / by Fareeha Yasmin Iqbal. / M.C.P.

手稿本 / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1974. / 參考文獻: leaves 1-9(2d group) / 鮑觀海. / Chapter 第一章 --- 龔自珍之生平 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 龔自珍之學 --- p.11 / Chapter （甲） --- 師友郊遊 --- p.11 / Chapter （一） --- 常州學派 --- p.11 / Chapter (a) --- 莊存與 --- p.20 / Chapter (b) --- 劉逢祿 --- p.27 / Chapter (c) --- 交遊 --- p.30 / Chapter (d) --- 結論 --- p.34 / Chapter （二） --- 段玉裁 --- p.39 / Chapter （三） --- 章學诚 --- p.44 / Chapter （四） --- 王引之 --- p.53 / Chapter （乙） --- 與儒、佛之關係 --- p.61 / Chapter （丙） --- 治學態度 --- p.69 / Chapter （丁） --- 政治主張 --- p.76 / Chapter （戊） --- 廣博的學問 --- p.83 / Chapter 第三章 --- 龔自珍的文 --- p.95 / Chapter （甲） --- 龔氏論说之文 --- p.95 / Chapter （一） --- 立論 --- p.95 / Chapter （二） --- 氣勢 --- p.105 / Chapter （三） --- 澀 --- p.114 / Chapter （四） --- 怪 --- p.117 / Chapter （乙） --- 龔氏奏議疏之文 --- p.122 / Chapter （一） --- 博學與見識 --- p.122 / Chapter （二） --- 迫切激憤的心情 --- p.127 / Chapter （丙） --- 龔氏序跋之文　 --- p.133 / Chapter （丁） --- 龔氏雜记之文 --- p.140 / Chapter （戊） --- 龔氏博狀碑誌之文 --- p.157 / Chapter （己） --- 龔氏的駢文　 --- p.169 / Chapter （庚） --- 龔文的取法 --- p.174 / Chapter 第四章 --- 龔自珍的诗　 --- p.207 / Chapter （甲） --- 龔自珍的戒诗 --- p.207 / Chapter （乙） --- 龔诗的思想內容 --- p.214 / Chapter （一） --- 己亥以前的诗 --- p.215 / Chapter （二） --- 己亥雜诗 --- p.251 / Chapter a.1 --- 序言 --- p.253 / Chapter b.1 --- 出京沿途所见　 --- p.253 / Chapter c.1 --- 濶別朋友 --- p.257 / Chapter d.1 --- 在仕途上的一個縮影 --- p.259 / Chapter e.1 --- 概述平生之學 --- p.262 / Chapter f.1 --- 途中雜感 --- p.265 / Chapter g.1 --- 返抵家鄉後的生活 --- p.270 / Chapter r.1 --- 记述再度北上 --- p.273 / Chapter i.1 --- 結语 --- p.276 / Chapter （丙） --- 龔诗的風格 --- p.277 / Chapter （丁） --- 龔诗的取法 --- p.285 / Chapter （戊） --- 龔诗的技巧　 --- p.312 / Chapter 第五章 --- 龔自珍的词　 --- p.324 / Chapter （甲） --- 長短言自序 --- p.325 / Chapter （乙） --- 龔词的情感 --- p.330 / Chapter （丙） --- 龔词的風格 --- p.344 / Chapter （丁） --- 龔词的藝術特色 --- p.357 / Chapter 第六章 --- 龔自珍的影響 --- p.367 / Chapter （甲） --- 康有為　 --- p.368 / Chapter （乙） --- 張炳麟 --- p.390 / Chapter （丙） --- 黃遵憲 --- p.413 / Chapter （丁） --- 南社 --- p.433 / Chapter （戊） --- 其他 --- p.452 / Chapter （己） --- 結論 --- p.460 / 附錄：參考書目

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》是三部以公案與俠義題材融合而成的同類型小說，它們保留了公案小說與俠義小說既有的元素，題材融合的原因是時代背景的反映、章回化的演變、理想人物的期待與讀者的欣賞需求。 小說原著以公案為主、俠義為輔。在公案情節上，大多數是延續公案小說的 人命案與賊盜案，以數案相連或案中有案的形式呈現；由於俠義題材的加入，謀叛的政治案件、盜印信、盜內府財物、謀殺朝廷命官與採花大盜犯姦殺人案件逐漸增多。綠林與清官的結合，是俠義情節的中心，主要表現在豪傑投靠、豪傑護主、豪傑破案三方面。小說中官吏，清官特徵漸少，忠臣形象漸多；綠林人物無論是水寇、土匪、紳匪均呈現集團化特性；官俠性格趨向「忠義」，認同當代法律秩序；游俠強調隨機應變、譎詐多端，「從遊戲中生出俠義來」的俠義特徵。小說語言除了訟詞、判詞的沿用，因俠義題材的加入，江湖隱語的使用，加添了小說綠林犯罪情節的真實感。小說原著主題思想除了表現出清官意識、俠義思想，更強調勸善懲惡的傳統思維。小說內容思想表現出非主流社會義的道德觀、任官朝廷的價值觀、建立聲譽的價值觀、追逐眼前利益的價值觀。也反映出當代紳衿階層與皇糧莊頭危害百姓的社會現象以及政治衝突事件。 小說續書呈現俠義興起，公案隱退的局面。《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說續作的目的，主要有商業、政治、心理三類因素。情節著重在破獲政治叛亂案件、異姓結義、破奇樓奇陣、打擂臺與黑店犯罪，並加入特殊武功、武器、暗器的描寫。小說人物強調英雄與超人的塑造，並製造出魔怪邪惡人物與奇特的綠林女子。江湖隱語繼續沿用，訟詞、判詞僅存於《施公案》中。小說內容由於俠義漸多，官俠重名爭功、嚮往武將官職，綠林犯法露名的觀念成為表現的重點。 《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說中公案隱退，但未絕跡；俠義抬頭，綠林的集團運作，與統治階級聯合打擊綠林同道的小說傳承，由姚民哀的「會黨小說」接班。「會黨小說」小說產生於清末民初綠林的蓬勃、新小說後期的通俗化、武俠與偵探小說獨立的時代，姚民哀以彈評藝人身份，運用評書技巧，從事會黨小說的創作。情節內容以揭露江湖秘聞與會黨秘密為主，小說人物著重描寫習武者與幫會人物，小說語言大量使用江湖隱語與幫會切口，小說內容主要反映出下層社會爭面子的價值觀，與軍閥時期兵匪不分家的社會現象。 / Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An are three similar types of fictions plotted with a fusion of ‘Gong-An’ and chivalry which retain the existing elements of ‘Gong-An’ fictions and chivalry fictions. The fusion of plots is the results from the reflection of time, the transition of contextualization, the expectations for ideal characters and the readers’ need. The originality of the fictions is primarily based on ‘Gong-An’ aided with chivalrous tales. The ‘Gong-An’ plot is mainly a continuation of ‘Gong-An’ fictions’ homicides and thefts presented by means of serial cases or cases within cases. With the addition of chivalrous plots, there are more and more cases of political rebellions, theft of official seals or government property, murder of imperial court officials and raping. The union of bandits and incorruptible officials, presented in the forms of heroes’ defections, protection of masters and breaking of cases, is the center of chivalrous plots. Features of these fictions include that there are more royal court officials than incorruptible officials; that bandits, whether pirates, brigands or evil gentry, demonstrate syndicate characteristics; that knight-errant-turned-court-officials, tending to be loyal, identify themselves with law and and order of that time; that knight-errants, borne ‘chivalry out of wandering in life’, characterize themselves with improvisation and treachery. The diction of these fictions, in addition to using litigators’ phrases, jargons of the underworld and chivalrous plots boosts the virtual reality of fictional crime scenes. Except for demonstrating the incorruptibility of the officials chivalrous ideas, the main themes of these fictions also stresses the traditional ‘do no evil’ teaching. The contents of these fictions reveal not only values of a non-mainstream social moral judgment, of being imperial court officials, of building of good names and of pursuing immediate profits but political clashes and social incidents of common people being intimidated by gentry and imperial agents. The sequels of Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An, showing the rise of chivalry and the fall of ‘Gong-An’, are created for commercial, political and psychological reasons. The plots emphasize heavily on breaking political rebellions, unifying of brethren for justice, cracking booby trapped buildings, winning the fights and striking clip joint with the description of special martial arts, tactics and weaponry. The characters contain not just super heroes and unique females of the underworld, monsters and evil figures are also introduced. The jargons of the underworld continue to be used. However, the litigators’ phrases are only used in Shi Gong-An. More plots features chivalry, knight-errant-turned-court-officials craving for promotion in the military, the underworld’s attempt to challenge the law to be known. ‘Gong-An’ in Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An gradually diminishes but is never extinct. ‘Syndicate fiction’, created by Yao Ming-ai, who, as a minstrel, using his skills of reviewing books, engages himself in writing that contains a tradition of the rise of chivalry, the functioning of the underworld and the joint operation with ruling class to nail down fellow gang members of the underworld. Syndicate fiction focuses its plots on discovering the secrets of the underworld and the syndicate with an emphasis on illustrating martial arts students and syndicate principals, using numbers of underworld jargons as dialogues, reflecting the underworld’s keen face-saving sense of value and the social phenomena in the warlord period when soldiers and bandits are sometimes hard to differentiate.

Thesis (M. Journ.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-45).