Zugl.: Zürich, Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr., 2009.

Zugl.: Zittau, Internat. Hochsch.-Inst., Diss., 2009

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2009

Recent research findings have revealed that CSOs play very important hands on role to bring about social and economic change to developing countries like Tanzania. The CSOs are very diverse and unique in terms of set up, mission and mandate, there is therefore no single model on how should CSOs perform their functions in Tanzania. However, there are common held approaches that apply to effective management practices and so bring about good outcomes to the neediest people in Tanzania. This study has evidenced CSOs having a pivotal role to beef up service provision by the government and private sectors to spearhead socioeconomic development by explaining roles CSOs have been having in bringing such developments in Tanzania. This study has confirmed findings from previous studies that number, roles and diversity of CSOs increased significantly from 1980s to 1990s, and consequently involvement of CSOs in service provision has increased dramatically in recent years. Among the CSOs under this study, the ones which have been on board for more than five years have been seen to operate in coordinated multiple fields compared to the CSOs which have been on board for less than five years which operate in fewer fields. This study has evidenced increased annual budgets over time among the studied CSOs in Tanzania and this is an indication that CSOs’ performance capacity to manage projects and finances has improved over time. The current increased performance capacity of CSOs addresses the raised critique regarding managerial competence of CSOs in developing countries like Tanzania. The need for CSOs addressing issues in line with priority areas which are highlighted in the Tanzania’s National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction (NSGRP) for rapid socioeconomic development of Tanzania has come out clearly from the findings of this study. This study recommends a more comprehensive study of CSOs to capture more issues and cover bigger geographical areas than what was done by this study.. This will help identify more areas which need improvement in future to strengthen the CSO sector and benefit ultimate project beneficiaries in Tanzania. / +255 754 203386 +255 22 2421019

published_or_final_version / Economics and Finance / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Interfirm governance has been the subject of buyer-supplier relationships studies for decades. Given the substantial hazards and uncertainties involved in interfirm exchanges, governance devices becomes critical in ensuring satisfactory performance outcomes. Despite the great insights provided by extant governance literature, the complexity of governance mechanisms has not been fully addressed. The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the role of contractual and relational governance in influencing interfirm co-exploration, protecting transaction-specific investments, and fostering interfirm exchanges in the challenging context of China. The first study looks at how contracts function in emerging economies in which legal institutions are underdeveloped but guanxi norms are pervasive. Drawing on transaction cost economics and institutional theory, this study disentangles two facets of contractual governance: (1) task specificity, which primarily safeguards transactions, and (2) contingency specificity, which mainly coordinates adaptations. This study examines their direct effects on exchange performance and their contingent effects, given different levels of legal inadequacy and guanxi importance. A survey of 307 manufacturer–supplier dyads in China reveals that, compared with contingency specificity, task specificity is associated with better exchange performance. However, the role of task specificity declines when the legal system is inadequate and guanxi is important. In contrast, contingency specificity is more helpful when guanxi importance is high. The second study explores how relational ties affect exchange partners’ co-exploration of novel products and processes. A tension between the strength and brokerage dimension of relational ties becomes evident during buyer-supplier co-exploration. Tie strength facilitates coordinating but creates the novelty problem; tie brokerage expands the knowledge diversity but aggravates the coordination difficulty. Drawing on the relational exchange theory, this study compares and examines the contingent value of tie strength and tie brokerage under different levels of environmental factors and exchange characteristics. The findings from a survey of 396 manufacturer–supplier dyads in China show that guanxi importance increases the effects of strength while decreases the value of brokerage. As market uncertainty increases, the role of brokerage becomes more salient. Brokerage also exerts a stronger impact on co-exploration when exchange is highly formalized, whereas tie strength has a weaker impact when exchange centralization is high. / published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

Abstract One of the key obstacles in the fight against corruption is the fact that, without legal protection, individuals are often too intimidated to speak out or blow the whistle. The Protected Disclosures Act 2000 (Act 26 of 2000) provides protection against occupational detriment to those who disclose information of unlawful or corrupt conduct. This law is therefore an important weapon in the anticorruption struggle to encourage honest employees to report wrongdoing. The presumed benefits of whistleblowing for good governance should be seen against the possible negative consequences of whistleblowing. Whistleblowers are both citizens and managers, and are therefore exposed to dilemmas in both roles. As citizens, they want to see the termination of wrongdoing. As managers, they would prefer whistleblowing incidents to go through internal channels only. However, if whistleblowing is ineffective, it benefits no one. There is an increasing focus on good (and bad) corporate governance and institutions that are transparent and open will benefit from more favourable investor perceptions. Improved relationships with the public show that a substantial effort has been made to endow public administration with a legal framework that encourages the players involved to assume a greater sense of responsibility and develop practices to promote transparency and to protect whistleblowers. Government has to overcome numerous difficulties caused largely by the burden of history, unethical and corruptive constraints and government secrecy. In the face of these difficulties, efficient administration that serves the needs of all citizens is one prerequisite for strengthening the rule of law and the credibility of the state, both internally and externally. Such administration must be transparent, responsible and accountable, and served by honest officials. In the current context of the globalisation of the world economy and the fluidity of cultural boundaries. Administrations in all countries also face a variety of issues, including the ethical problems concerned with the protection of employees who expose malpractice or misconduct in the workplace, transparent administration and good governance.

No description available.