平萍. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 137-145. / Ping Ping. / 圓表一覽 / 感謝辭 / 論文 要 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1-13 / Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究發現 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 改革背景的簡介及對“控制/依賴´ح的合理性証明 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- 改革背景的簡介 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- 對“控制/依賴´ح的合理性証明 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- 對作爲個案的兩家企業的簡介 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- 硏究方法 --- p.11 / 注釋 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.14-25 / Chapter 2.1 --- 中國社會主義硏究的新範式：“共產主義新傳統主義´ح --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Walder的“共產主義新傳統主義´ح：一個揭示國家 與/社會關系的槪念、 --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- “生產政治´ح理論：忽略了性別面向 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Burawoy的“工廠政體´ح：社會主義的工廠政體 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- “工人的依賴條件´ح：Lee對Burawoy的發展 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 性別在生產政治中：出口型企業的硏究 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- 父權的-社會主義 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 從婦女與社會主義革命看父權 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 從婦女與工作的角度揭示父權 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- 改革與市場轉型 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 以Nee爲代表的“市場轉型´ح理論 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 工人、工廠在改革中的處境的硏究 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- 小結 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- 論文內容安排 --- p.24 / 注釋 --- p.25 / Chapter 第三章 --- 經濟改革前的女工與國營企業 --- p.26-51 / Chapter 3.1 --- 企業對女工的控制：政治控制中的邊緣化地位 --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 女工的就業：由國家以性別搭配的辦法安置進入就業場所 --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- 以政治動員和精神獎勵爲特征的控制模式中的性別手段 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- 女工的依賴：分叉性依賴 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 女工在經濟上依賴企業 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 女工在住房上對丈夫的依賴及履行母親義務上對親戚網 絡的依賴 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3 --- 小結：改革前國營企業與女工控制與依賴的特點 --- p.49 / 注釋 --- p.51 / Chapter 第四章 --- 經濟改革中的女工與國營企業 --- p.52-82 / Chapter 4.1 --- 國家與企業關系的改變：由行政命令轉爲委托-代理關系 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 以建立市場機制爲目標的國營企業改革 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 國家條例中的“自主´ح與實際操作中的限制 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 國營企業的兩難：經濟效益與保持社會穩定的政治任務 的矛盾 --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- 改革后企業對女工的控制：經濟控制中的邊緣化地位 --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 企業與工人關系的改變：由終身制變爲勞動合同工 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 外部勞動力市場的性別偏好與企業管理的相應策略 --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 計件制：工資分配向技術工種傾斜 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- 福利(住房)向男技術骨干傾斜 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- 管理在日常工作中對女工的控制及女工與管理的亙動 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3 --- 有差別的女工依賴的類型化 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小結：改革后國營企業與女工控制與依賴的特點 --- p.80 / 注釋 --- p.82 / Chapter 第五章 --- 家庭依賴性 --- p.83-93 / 序言：三種依賴類型的條件與成因 --- p.83 / Chapter 5.1 --- 個人背景：家庭經濟較好 --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2 --- 工作：消極 --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- 家庭：經濟上對丈夫的依賴 --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4 --- 小結 --- p.89 / Chapter 5.5 --- 個案:“我就是要家庭第一´ح --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- 工作層面 --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- 家庭層面 --- p.92 / 注釋 --- p.93 / Chapter 第六章 --- 企業依賴性 --- p.94-106 / Chapter 6.1 --- 個人背景：家庭經濟一般 --- p.94 / Chapter 6.2 --- 工作方面：對企業勞動投入多 --- p.95 / Chapter 6.3 --- 家庭方面：與丈夫平起平坐 --- p.102 / Chapter 6.4 --- 小結 --- p.103 / Chapter 6.5 --- 個案:“我就咬緊牙關捱過這兩三年´ح --- p.103 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- 工作層面 --- p.104 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- 家庭層面 --- p.106 / Chapter 第七章 --- 市場依賴性 --- p.108-122 / Chapter 7.1 --- 個人背景：素質好，社會關系多 --- p.109 / Chapter 7.2 --- 工作方面:“騎牆式´ح兼職 --- p.109 / Chapter 7.3 --- 家庭方面：與丈夫交流較充分 --- p.114 / Chapter 7.4 --- 小結 --- p.114 / Chapter 7.5 --- 個案:“機會，你不去用它就浪費了 ´ح --- p.115 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- 工作層面 --- p.116 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- 家庭層面 --- p.120 / 注釋 --- p.121 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 --- p.123-128 / Chapter 8.1 --- 對研究發現的理論化 --- p.123 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- 本硏究的主要發現 --- p.123 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- 硏究發現對相關理論的回應 --- p.125 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- 對女工與國家的關系的理論化的嘗試 --- p.126 / Chapter 8.2 --- 討論：一個有待繼續的課題 --- p.127 / Chapter 8.3 --- 對本研究方法上的反思 --- p.128 / 附錄一：被訪女工一覽表 --- p.129 / 附錄二：三種工的各方面條件分類表 --- p.131 / 附錄三：精儀1979-1995年職工人數變化情況一覽 --- p.134 / 附錄四：南重1991-1995年一線工人流失統計 --- p.135 / 附錄五： 住房打分標準一覽(精儀廠） --- p.136 / 參考書目 --- p.137-145

No description available.

Australia has been engaged on a comprehensive process of federal public service reform for more than 20 years. It began in the 1970s, when the long undisturbed Australian Public Service (APS) was confronted with a major review process and with a set of administrative law reforms. This was followed in the 1980s by the introduction of a set of ambitious administrative reforms, which drew strength from similar developments occurring overseas, notably in Britain, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. This created the setting for the commercialisation of the APS that began in the late 1980s, which itself created a further set of organisational and management imperatives for the APS. The articulation of the desired management competencies became a pressing priority to consolidate the administrative and commercialisation reforms and a broad consensus emerged. The next challenge was to determine how best to inculcate the desired APS management competencies. The overall conclusion drawn was that while the administrative and commercialisation reforms have moved the APS some way towards attaining the distinctive characteristics that well-performing public agencies should have, they have created a wide variety of challenges and threats yet to addressed adequately. Within an organisational and politico-administrative environment that leaves APS managers vulnerable, especially those in APS 'quasi-businesses', because they are expected to improve service delivery productivity, so as to reduce costs, while at the same time to enhance service quality. This management task requires them to confront a variety of these threats and challenges, which purveyors of public management education must help them address, if they are to meet their idiosyncratic learning needs. This requires the adoption of a learner-based, problem-centred approach to learning for, rather than about, public management. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>The New Public Management (NPM) has made the public sector go through a period of privatization and externalization which has affected the method of accounting of municipalities, from cash to accrual accounting. The NPM has also resulted in a mix of private and public sector that makes the matter of consolidation of municipal groups complicated because of the municipalities’ use of public sector accounting and the municipal companies’ use of private sector accounting.</p><p> </p><p>In Sweden, the Swedish Council of Municipal Accounting (SCMA) has the task of producing recommendations concerning the accounting of municipalities so that the goal of the “true and fair” view of the municipalities’ is met. In 2009, the SCMA produced the recommendation 8.2 (RKR 8.2) containing guidelines concerning consolidation of the municipal group. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of RKR 8.2 and what kind of municipality is more inclined to use the recommendation. This question shall be answered by a quantitative, document study of the annual reports of Swedish municipalities from 2009 together with the Stakeholder Theory and the Positive Accounting Theory.</p><p> </p><p>The result of the article shows that the municipalities that are more inclined to implement the RKR 8.2 and to implement it to a larger degree are municipalities of a larger size, with a high performance, with a high tax income and with large municipal companies.</p><p> </p><p>Still, the document study shows that only 43 out of 239 municipalities have implemented the recommendation. To increase the implementation and use of the recommendations of SCMA we suggest merger of municipalities as larger municipalities, for different reasons, have implemented the recommendation to a larger degree than smaller ones.</p>

The New Public Management (NPM) has made the public sector go through a period of privatization and externalization which has affected the method of accounting of municipalities, from cash to accrual accounting. The NPM has also resulted in a mix of private and public sector that makes the matter of consolidation of municipal groups complicated because of the municipalities’ use of public sector accounting and the municipal companies’ use of private sector accounting.   In Sweden, the Swedish Council of Municipal Accounting (SCMA) has the task of producing recommendations concerning the accounting of municipalities so that the goal of the “true and fair” view of the municipalities’ is met. In 2009, the SCMA produced the recommendation 8.2 (RKR 8.2) containing guidelines concerning consolidation of the municipal group. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of RKR 8.2 and what kind of municipality is more inclined to use the recommendation. This question shall be answered by a quantitative, document study of the annual reports of Swedish municipalities from 2009 together with the Stakeholder Theory and the Positive Accounting Theory.   The result of the article shows that the municipalities that are more inclined to implement the RKR 8.2 and to implement it to a larger degree are municipalities of a larger size, with a high performance, with a high tax income and with large municipal companies.   Still, the document study shows that only 43 out of 239 municipalities have implemented the recommendation. To increase the implementation and use of the recommendations of SCMA we suggest merger of municipalities as larger municipalities, for different reasons, have implemented the recommendation to a larger degree than smaller ones.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

The Law on the State Enterprise was the most radical reform effort in the history of the Soviet centrally-planned system; it was also contradictory in its formulation, adopted in isolation and a complete failure in implementation. Previous economic reform attempts had also failed, but had been followed by retreat. This time, however, it was not. This thesis analyses the policy and the policy process of the enterprise law as expectations of the potential of reform shifted to convictions that central planning was unreformable. This case-study uses a number of traditional and revisionist theories about the policy process to analyse policy-making in the conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity of perestroika. The chronic problems of the Soviet economy led to the generation of reformist alternatives which, with the close of the Brezhnev era, began to emerge in programmatic form. This alternative envisaged a simultaneous delegation of administrative decision-making authority to the level of the state enterprise and a redefinition of central powers. Enterprises were to finance their own activities, compile their own plans, engage in direct wholesale trading, and be governed by the labour collective in an economic environment manipulated by the centre through 'economic levers'. Reformist domination of the policy agenda was constrained by limited penetration of the decision-making structures. Mutually indifferent policy-subsystems located within the ministerial and planning agencies held jurisdiction over the activities of pre-reform state enterprises; dominated the drafting of specific legislation; and set adverse initial conditions of reform implementation. Unsuccessful implementation of reform both at the level of the state enterprise and that of administrative structures discredited the radical ideas on economic reform which had been gestating for thirty years. Failure both of the concrete policy and of the policy process contributed to the radicalisation of political and economic reform, while creating many new problems along the way.

Thesis (M. Ec.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Economics, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-225).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 2000. / Thesis submitted to the Dept. of Government and International Studies. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-127).